It is easy to view the laryngeal aperature with a flexible fiberscope through a laryngeal mask airway (LMA). This is a case report that the LMA could facilitate a fiberscope-aided tracheal intubation easily. Patient was a 59 year old female who had some limitation of mouth opening due to ankylosis of bilateral temporomandibular joints. After thiopental (200 mg) and succinylcholine chloride (50 mg) were given intravenously, a number 3 sized LMA was inserted and the lungs were ventilated via the LMA. The anesthesia cirele system is then disconnected from the LMA and a fiberscope, with the proximal end jacketed with a well-lubricated, cuffless, 6-mm-ID endotracheal tube (ETT); was inserted into the trachea through the lumen of the LMA. The 6-mm-ID ETT was threaded over the fiberscope into the trachea before fiberscope was withdrawn, and a traeheal tube exchanger was inserted through the ETT after enough ventilation for a while, followed withdrawal of the LMA and ETT. Finally, we can make the 7 mm-ID ETT with cuff insert into the trachea over a tracheal tube exchanger very easily without any difficulties.
Anesthesia ; Ankylosis ; Bronchoscopes* ; Female ; Humans ; Intubation ; Intubation, Intratracheal* ; Laryngeal Masks* ; Lung ; Middle Aged ; Mouth ; Succinylcholine ; Temporomandibular Joint ; Thiopental ; Trachea ; Ventilation

No abstract available.
Heart Atria*

PURPOSE: To compare the clinical and radiological findings of orbital pseudotumor with those of orbital lymphoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The clinical and radiological features of 12 orbital pseudotumors were compared with those of 17 orbital lymphomas, the nature of all lesions being confirmed by tissue biopsy. Twenty-four CT scans and nine MR images were retrospectively reviewed and compared, with special focus on the location of a tumor in the orbit, the invasion of periorbital structures, tumor margin, bilaterality, and signal intensity. The initial symptoms at admission were also classified and compared. RESULTS: In 50% of cases, orbital pseudotumors were located in both extraconal and intraconal space; 75% involved two or more extraocular muscles, and 33% involved the optic nerve. Margins were either infiltrative (75%) or ill-defined (92%). As for orbital lymphomas, 64% occupied extraconal space, invading one or less extraocular muscle (76%) and conjunctiva (29%). Seventy-one percent had a sharp margin, and 65% were lobulated or round. In pseudotumors, orbital pain and visual loss were major symptoms, while in lymphomas a painless orbital mass was the initial symptom. CONCLUSION: CT or MR image analysis of lesion location, margin, and the involvement of adjacent extra-ocular muscle or optic nerves may help differentiate between orbital lymphoma and orbital pseudo tumor.
Biopsy ; Conjunctiva ; Lymphoma* ; Muscles ; Optic Nerve ; Orbit* ; Orbital Pseudotumor* ; Retrospective Studies ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

No abstract available.
Humans ; Kidney* ; Living Donors* ; Transplants*

The purpose of the present study is to measure the viscosity of liquid in the capillary tube viscometer using the unsteady flow concept. The capillary tube viscometer is consisted of a small cylindrical reservoir, capillary tubes, and the mass flow rate measuring system interfaced with computer. Two capillary tubes with 1.152 and 3.002 mm (inner diameter) are used to determine the diameter effects on the viscosity measurements. The instantaneous shear rate and gravitational driving force in the capillary tube are determined by measuring the mass flow rate through the capillary tube instantaneously. The measured viscosities of water and aqueous Separan solution as the blood analogue fluid are in good agreement with the reported experimental data.
Capillaries* ; Viscosity* ; Water

The nuclear accumulation of p53 protein is known to correspond with mutation of p53 tumor supressor gene. To investigate the relationsbip between clinico-pathologic features and expression of p53 mutations, 65 cases of primary cervical carcinoma were analysed by an immunohistochemieal method using monoclonal antibody of p53. Immunostaining demonstrated varioua nuclear stinings of cancer cells in 48.4% of squamous cell carcinoma(51.9% in large cell carcinoma and 25.0% in small cell carcinomas) and 23.5% of adenocarcinoma(p<0.05) No differences in clinical stage and p53 positivity were found. There was no significant correlation between p53 positive cases and status of recurrence. This data suggests that p53 protein is not correlated with the disease progression and prognosis.
Carcinoma, Large Cell ; Cervix Uteri* ; Disease Progression ; Female ; Genes, p53* ; Prognosis ; Recurrence

No abstract available.
Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations* ; Radiosurgery*

BACKGROUND: Nerve root sleeve injection has become popular in the treatment of lumbar radicular complaints. However reported data on nerve root sleeve injection is more of a technical nature. The present study was designed to evaluate the therapeutic success of a fluoroscope guided nerve root sleeve injection of local anesthetics and corticosteroids. METHODS: Fifty seven patients who had persistent radicular pain and/or low back pain that is resistant to conservative treatment were treated with fluoroscope guided injection therapy. 0.125% bupivacaine 2.5 ml and triamcinolone 40 mg were injected at intervals of 2 - 4 weeks. Before and after treatment and at follow up, a visual analogue scale (VAS) was measured. Treatment success was evaluated on a ratio based on the visual analogue scale (post-treatment VAS/pre-treatment VAS) and categorized as following (good improvement = > 70%, moderate improvement = 70 50%, no improvement = < 50%). RESULTS: Short-term good and moderate improvement was observed in 46% of the patients with radiating pain and/or lower back pain, and in 43% of patients with lower back pain only. CONCLUSIONS: Results indicated that nerve root sleeve injections of corticosteroids done under fluoroscopic guidance as an outpatient procedure was effective and safe in our study and may deserve to be used as part of the conservative management of lumbar radiculopathy before resorting to more invasive methods.
Adrenal Cortex Hormones ; Anesthetics, Local ; Bupivacaine ; Follow-Up Studies ; Health Resorts ; Humans ; Low Back Pain ; Outpatients ; Radiculopathy ; Spine* ; Triamcinolone

PURPOSE: Characteristics of pulsatile flow in 3-dimensional arterial geometry and elastic vessel wall should be investigated in order to understand the physiological blood flow in human body. In this study, the modelling of the physiological blood flow in the elastic blood vessel is proposed. METHODS: The finite volume predictions are used to analyse the pulsatile flow characteristics in the elastic blood vessel. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Variations of the pressure and the velocity waveforms are obtained using the proposed modelling. The magnitudes of the pressure waveforms in the elastic blood vessel model are bigger than those of the rigid blood vessel model.
Blood Vessels* ; Human Body ; Pulsatile Flow*

PURPOSE: The objective of the present study is to investigate the steady and pulsatile flow phenomena of the blood substitute fluids in the circular and bifurcated vessels numerically and experimentally. METHODS: The particle image velocimetry (PIV) is adopted to visualize the flow fields in the circular and bifurcated vessels. In order to analyse the complex flow phenomena of the blood substitute fluids in the bifurcated vessel, the constitutive equations which are suitable to describe the rheological properties of the non-Newtonian fluids are determined and the steady and unsteady momentum equations are solved by the finite volume prediction. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Velocity vectors of the steady flow in the bifurcated tube obtained by the PIV system are in good agreement with those obtained by the numerical analysis. The experimental and numerical results show the recirculation zone in the outer wall distal to bifurcation.
Blood Substitutes* ; Pulsatile Flow* ; Rheology*