No abstract available.
Genome, Human* ; Humans ; Humans*

No abstract available.
Ethics, Medical* ; Humans

In May 2001, the Code of Medical Ethics, KMA was enacted by Korean Medical Association, but is not proclaimed yet. First of all, newly elected president of KMA should promulgate this code to the all members of the KMA and the public. The code would be used as the ext of the bio-medical ethics education for medical students and physicians as well as a concrete guideline for judgment by the independent ethics committees. And this code is due to be revised according to the change of socio-medical environment.
Education ; Ethics ; Ethics Committees ; Ethics, Medical* ; Humans ; Judgment ; Students, Medical

No abstract available.
Ethics, Medical*

No abstract available.
Education* ; Ethics* ; Humans ; Students, Medical*

No abstract available.
Korea* ; Societies, Medical*

No abstract available.
Brain* ; Craniocerebral Trauma* ; Head* ; Humans

No abstract available.

The 19th century has been thought to be the turning point that the experimental method bean to take strong root as the core to solve many physiological subjects, and discipline of physiology got firmly fixed as the specialized one in the western Europe. Authors found of physiology got firmly fixed as the specialized one in the western Europe. Authors found the following characteristics in the process of the division and specialization of the 19th century western physiology. 1) It was the process of its separation from the discipline of anatomy that was necessary in the development of physiology as the independent, specialized division. Newly grown ideas, that there were working functions specialized study, were the important background and basis of the development of physiology as the specialized discipline. 2) It was not until the force and influence of the metaphysical concept on the living things(vitalism) grew weak that physiology could become the specialized discipline. The new materialistic concept about living things made it possible for the researchers of that time to apply the physico-chemical method in the study of physiological problems. 3) Institutionalization of the physiological research and education accelerated its development and specialization. The followings appeared in the mid-19th century: specialized professorship, division as the separated subject in the undergraduated medical school curriculum, laboratory settings for the purpose of physiological study, establishment of independent academic societies and publication of their own journals. Two main factors, namely, both the settlement of the new physiological thought and method of the very scientific nature and the institutionalization within the academic and medical societies exerted influences on each other in the ground of the 19th century western Europe. Through that process, the discipline of physiology took root deep as the independent specialized division in the societies of science and medicine.
English Abstract ; Europe ; History of Medicine, 19th Cent. ; Physiology/*history ; Science/history ; Specialties, Medical/*history

Generally it has been thought that the modern western medicine was introduced into Korea by Japanese physicians and Western missionaries. But some recent studies have revealed that in the late Choson period, Koreans and Korean government played the essential roles in the introduction of it. This paper summarized and discussed the self-reliant activities of Koreans at the time, mainly in introducing the smallpox vaccination method and establishing Jejoong-Won Hospital, the first modern hospital in Korea.
English Abstract ; History of Medicine, 19th Cent. ; Hospitals/*history ; Korea ; *Medicine ; Smallpox/*history ; Vaccination/*history ; Western World