No abstract available.
Korea* ; Societies, Medical*

In May 2001, the Code of Medical Ethics, KMA was enacted by Korean Medical Association, but is not proclaimed yet. First of all, newly elected president of KMA should promulgate this code to the all members of the KMA and the public. The code would be used as the ext of the bio-medical ethics education for medical students and physicians as well as a concrete guideline for judgment by the independent ethics committees. And this code is due to be revised according to the change of socio-medical environment.
Education ; Ethics ; Ethics Committees ; Ethics, Medical* ; Humans ; Judgment ; Students, Medical

No abstract available.
Education* ; Ethics* ; Humans ; Students, Medical*

No abstract available.
Ethics, Medical*

No abstract available.
Ethics, Medical* ; Humans

No abstract available.
Genome, Human* ; Humans ; Humans*

No abstract available.
Brain* ; Craniocerebral Trauma* ; Head* ; Humans

No abstract available.

The purpose of this paper is to introduce and summarize the developmental process of the occupational health and safety systems from the 19th century to the Weimar Republic in Germany. The German occupational health system has changed with its unique character reflecting its sociopolitical backgrounds. In the 19th century, Germany, as the aftercoming capitalistic country in Europe, showed a flourishing industrial development. But this industrial development evoked many side effects, including long working hours, bad work environment, frequent occupational accidents and occupational diseases. The health and safety systems for German workers were established under the influences of the political interest groups and the social movement. In 1884 Bismarck made the law of the occupational accident insurance(Berufsgenossenschaft) in order to oppress the movement of socialists and radical workers and to secure his regimes. Then the way to control the work conditions of factories had three paths: technical supervision by the autonomic engineers, factory inspectors from the occupational accident insurance and the governmental factory supervisors. In the Weimar Republic the needs of the protection for both workers and machines were rising and became one of the main tasks of the government. Therefore, in 1925 the law for the occupational diseases was first established and then some occupational diseases were acknowledged as the occupational accidents and insured by the occupational accident insurance. Many factory doctors, factory hygienists, factory engineers and chemists organized the specialists' supervising and consulting groups for the occupational health and safety. And the workers themselves also started to participate in the factory committee in order to guard their own health and interests.

The views on the life in the early modern period(the 17th and 18th centuries) with their socio-cultural backgrounds and their meanings at that time were discussed in this paper. Those views discussed here were the dualistic, mechanistic one of Rene Descartes(1596-1650), the animistic, vitalistic one of Georg Ernst Stahl(1660-1734), and the monistic, mechanistic one of Julien Offray de La Mettrie(1709-1751). Author stressed that the processes of their view formation were influenced by the wide range of the various political and religious factors as well as the scientific, medical facts and opinions at that time, and that not only the contents of the views but also their historical contexts should be pursed in the study on the medical thoughts.
English Abstract ; Europe ; History of Medicine, 17th Cent. ; History of Medicine, 18th Cent. ; Philosophy, Medical/*history ; Vitalism/*history