No abstract available.
Cataract*

Mammography is the primary imaging modality for breast cancer detection; however, a high level of expertise is needed for its interpretation. To overcome this difficulty, artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms for breast cancer detection have recently been investigated. In this review, we describe the characteristics of AI algorithms compared to conventional computer-aided diagnosis software and share our thoughts on the best methods to develop and validate the algorithms. Additionally, several AI algorithms have introduced for triaging screening mammograms, breast density assessment, and prediction of breast cancer risk have been introduced.Finally, we emphasize the need for interest and guidance from radiologists regarding AI research in mammography, considering the possibility that AI will be introduced shortly into clinical practice.

We compared the full threshold method, central 30-2 Humphrey perimetry with a newer strategy of SITA-standard.To valuate the clinical usefulness, 30 glaucoma patients and 20 normal persons underwent both tests. MD, PSD and test time were comparatively analyzed.In glaucoma patients, the mean test time was 7 min 37 sec[+/-1 min 54sec]for the SITA-standard, while it was 14 min 55 sec[+/-1 min 58 sec]for the full threshold method.The mean value of MD were -7.62 +/-7.93 and 8.85 +/-8.19, while PSD were 5.89 +/-4.24 and 6.50 +/-4.07, repectively. In normal persons group, the mean test time was 6 min 56 sec[+/-1 min 3sec]for the SITA-standard, while it was 14 min 1 sec[+/-1 min 24 sec]for full threshold method.The mean values of the MD were -2.41 +/-0.87 and 3.00 +/-1.31, while the mean values of the PSD were 2.04 +/-0.47, 2.12 +/-0.50, respectively. In conclusion, the SITA-standard did not show any significant differences in both MD and PSD.However, the test time was reduced 49%in glaucoma patients and 53%in normal persons.Therefore, the SITA-standard exhibited similar clinical significance on both glaucoma patient and glaucoma suspect.So it was an useful and effective test to reduce test time.
Glaucoma ; Humans ; Visual Field Tests ; Visual Fields*

The clinical results in 102 eyes of 97 patients with Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion(BRVO) were evaluated in aspect of distribution, associated findings, sequelae, early and final visual acuities, and the effect of argon laser photocoagulation. There were no significant differences in morbidity rate between male and female or between right and left eye. 68.6% of all BRVO were affected in superotemporal branch veins. As sequelae, cystoid macular edema in 58 cases, retinal neovascularization in 22 cases, vitreous hemorrhages in 14 cases, vitreous tractional band in 2 cases, and non-rhegmatogenous retinal detachment in 2 cases were found. Photocoagulation was performed with an argon laser at retinal neovascularization in 20 eyes, capillary non-perfusion and cystoid macular edema in 5 eyes, and retinal detachment in 2 eyes. Photocoagulation was an affective means of reducing macular edema and decreased the risk of neovascularization and vitreous hemorrhages from sites of large capillary non-perfusion and retinal neovascularization.
Argon ; Capillaries ; Female ; Humans ; Light Coagulation ; Macular Edema ; Male ; Retinal Detachment ; Retinal Neovascularization ; Retinal Vein Occlusion* ; Retinal Vein* ; Retinaldehyde* ; Traction ; Veins ; Visual Acuity ; Vitreous Hemorrhage

A single intraoperative application of mitomycin C(MMC) has been used to improve the surgical outcome of glaucomatous eyes. But this soaking method has a few disadvantages, including difficulty in controlling amount. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of intraoperative subconjunctival injection of MMC to overcome this problem. In a retrospective analysis, 29 eyes of 24 consecutive patients, who were phakic primary glaucoma, who underwent primary trabeculectomy with subconjunctival injection of MMC (0.04 mg/ml, 0.05ml) were reviewed. All patients were followed for a periods of 3 months to 1 year. Preoperative mean intraocular pressure(IOP) was 33.9 +/- 9.3mmHg. The mean IOPs after 1, 3, and 6 months were 16.4 +/- 7.0, 16.1 +/- 7.5 and 16.9 +/- 5.8 mmHg, respectively. Twenty two eyes(76%) achieved an IOP of less than 21mmHg without antiglaucoma medication. Postoperative complications were transient hyphema in 3 eyes(20%), shallow anterior chamber in 2 eyes(7%), conjunctival wound leakage in 1 eye(3%), and hypotony maculopathy in 1 eye(3%). There were 4 cases (14%) of avascular cystic bleb and 8 cases (28%) of nonfunctional fibrotic bleb. We suggested that intraoperative subconjunctival injection of MMC could control concentration and amount of MMC.
Anterior Chamber ; Blister ; Glaucoma ; Humans ; Hyphema ; Mitomycin* ; Postoperative Complications ; Retrospective Studies ; Trabeculectomy* ; Wounds and Injuries

BACKGROUND: There are two kinds of mechanism for laser therapy according to selectie photothermolysis. Selective photothermolysis means that a chromophore can be selectively dei, stroyed with a laser of n appropriate wavelength and of a short pulse duration that is shortor than the thermal relaxation time of the chromophore. It is supposed that the side effects of the continuous wave laser, in which selective photothermolysis does not exist occur more often than when a pulsed wave laser is used. OBJECTIVE: We compar.d the side effects of flashlamp-pumped pulsed tunable dye laser(SPTL), whose treatment is baseal on selective photothermolysis, with those of copper vapor laser(CVL , which is a quasi-continuous thermal laser. METHODS: The laser cl arts of 498 patients with SPTL treatment and 485 patients with CVL, treatment in Asan Medical Center from 1989 to 1994 were examined, retrospectively. RESULTS: 1) Among 498 patients, with SPTL treatment, we observed various side effects in 47(9.4%). The incidences of individial side effects are as follows, hyperpigmentation in 6.2%(31), vesicl formation in 1.6% (8), surface texture change in 0.8% (4), Hypopigmentation in 0.6% (3), scar format,ion in 0.2% (1). 2) After CVL treatment, side effects occurred in 30(6.2%) among 485 patient.. Hyperpigmentation in 3.1%(15), vesicle formation in 2.5%(12), surface texture change in 0.2%(1), hypopigmentation in 0.2%(1), and scar formation in 0.1%(1) were observed. CONCLUSION: The total incidence of side effect.s after CVL treatment is not statistically different, from that after SPTL treatment, which contradicts the previous theory.
Chungcheongnam-do ; Cicatrix ; Copper* ; Humans ; Hyperpigmentation ; Hypopigmentation ; Incidence ; Laser Therapy ; Lasers, Dye* ; Lasers, Gas* ; Relaxation ; Retrospective Studies

We report Descemet's membrane detachment during 360 degrees trabeculotomy using 6-0 polypropylene suture fragment. Using 6-0 polypropylene suture fragment 360 degrees trabeculotomy was performed on a 24-year-old male patient with juvenile glaucoma showing iris inserting anteriorly. Soon after pulling the suture fragment, anterior chamber became shallow abruptly and massive bleeding developed into anterior chamber. Corneal edema and large blood clot in anterior chamber were noted postoperatively.Rolled Descemet's membrane was attached to superior cornea.Seven and 14 days after trabeculotomy, viscoelastic was injected into anterior chamber and flattened the rolled Descemet's membrane.At 25 days after trabeculotomy, Descemet's membrane was reattached to central cornea, which became clear. Extensive Descemet's membrane detachment during 360 degrees trabeculotomy can be prevented by cautious pulling of suture fragments and injection of viscoelastic into anterior chamber just before pulling.When detached Descemet's membrane was rolled too tightly to be reattached by conventional procedure such as mattress suture or gas injection, the reattachment of the Descemet's membrane can be achieved by unrolling the membrane using viscoelastic
Anterior Chamber ; Cornea ; Corneal Edema ; Descemet Membrane* ; Glaucoma ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Iris ; Male ; Membranes ; Polypropylenes ; Sutures ; Trabeculectomy ; Young Adult

True exfoliation of the lens capsule is a rare disorder, in which anterior layer of the lens capsule delaminates and appears as a thin fluttering membrane in the anterior chamber. It was described by Elschnig in 1922 in glassblowers who were exposed to severe hot, open fire. It has been considered that it is caused by severe fire, intraocular inflammation, ocular trauma, aging, and infrared radiation. The authors report a case of true exfoliation which occurred in 64 year old female patient without any causative factor and found to have delaminated anterior lens capsule by histopathologic study.
Aging ; Anterior Chamber ; Cataract ; Female ; Fires ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Membranes ; Middle Aged

A new method of sinusotormy is one that opens the outer wall of Schlemm's canal by subscleral incision only, and without resection of the scleral tissue. The procedure is considerably less traumatic, less dangerous and safer compared with the other filtering surgeries. Sinusotorrlies were performed to the 21 eyes of 16 patients with primary open angle glaucoma between 10 and 50 years of age. Consequently the IOP lowered below the level of 20 mmHg in 20 of 21 eyes. In 14 eyes the IOP was controlled without any medication, in 5 eyes, with the aid of one eye drops, and in one eye, with 2 kinds of eye drops. But, the IOP did not drop in one eye despite the combined use of 2 kinds of eye drops and an oral agent. The reduction of IOP was prominent after the operation and the average reduction was 12.1 mmHg. The cases with high preoperative IOP, big C/D ratio, and durable conjunctival bleb showed more evident reduction of IOP than the cases without such features. One eye was complicated by collapse of the anterior chamber postoperatively.
Anterior Chamber ; Blister ; Glaucoma, Open-Angle ; Humans ; Ophthalmic Solutions

A new method of sinusotormy is one that opens the outer wall of Schlemm's canal by subscleral incision only, and without resection of the scleral tissue. The procedure is considerably less traumatic, less dangerous and safer compared with the other filtering surgeries. Sinusotorrlies were performed to the 21 eyes of 16 patients with primary open angle glaucoma between 10 and 50 years of age. Consequently the IOP lowered below the level of 20 mmHg in 20 of 21 eyes. In 14 eyes the IOP was controlled without any medication, in 5 eyes, with the aid of one eye drops, and in one eye, with 2 kinds of eye drops. But, the IOP did not drop in one eye despite the combined use of 2 kinds of eye drops and an oral agent. The reduction of IOP was prominent after the operation and the average reduction was 12.1 mmHg. The cases with high preoperative IOP, big C/D ratio, and durable conjunctival bleb showed more evident reduction of IOP than the cases without such features. One eye was complicated by collapse of the anterior chamber postoperatively.
Anterior Chamber ; Blister ; Glaucoma, Open-Angle ; Humans ; Ophthalmic Solutions