No abstract available.
Myasthenia Gravis*

Mammography is the primary imaging modality for breast cancer detection; however, a high level of expertise is needed for its interpretation. To overcome this difficulty, artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms for breast cancer detection have recently been investigated. In this review, we describe the characteristics of AI algorithms compared to conventional computer-aided diagnosis software and share our thoughts on the best methods to develop and validate the algorithms. Additionally, several AI algorithms have introduced for triaging screening mammograms, breast density assessment, and prediction of breast cancer risk have been introduced.Finally, we emphasize the need for interest and guidance from radiologists regarding AI research in mammography, considering the possibility that AI will be introduced shortly into clinical practice.

No abstract available.
Empyema* ; Typhoid Fever* ; Urinary Bladder*

Toward the beginning of the twenty-first century, the world experiences the dramatic changes in politics, economics and culture, and it is evident that the Korean medical field will not be able to survive provided it doesn't prepare ourselves to adapt to those changes. The Korean Medical Society held a forum for the active operation of the medical society, inviting several leading affiliated societies, to meet the needs of the times. This review describes the summary of the presentation that the authors made on behalf of the Korean Radiological Society in the forum, including the organization, current status of academic activity, current status of international communication, and problems encountered in the internationalization of the Korean Radiological Society.
Politics ; Societies, Medical

No abstract available.
Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal* ; Ureter* ; Ureteral Obstruction*

We examined the differences of the glaucoma filtering blebs according to the application methods of mitomycin C (subconjunctival injection and soaking). We performed filtering surgery from the anterior chamber to the subconjunctival space with the silicone tube, in both eyes of 12 grey rabbits. In one eye, subconjunctival injection of the mitomycin-C 0.05ml after filtering surgery (concentration 0.004, 0.008, 0.012, 0.016%) was performed and on the other eye, Weck-Cel sponge soaked with the 0.04% mitomycin-C was applied for 3 minutes and the wound was washed with copious amount of balanced salt solution before the closure of wound. We examined the size, shape, vascular distribution of the filtering blebs and status of the anterior chamber after filtering surgery. We obtained the tissues of the filtering bleb at 7days, 14days and 21days after surgery and microscopic examinations were performed. In subconjunctival injection with the 0.004% of mitomycin-C, bleb size and its duration was small and short than those eyes with the soaking. In eyes with subconjunctival injection with the 0.008% of mitomycin-C, bleb size and its duration showed similiar blebs to soaking cases and anterior chamber was shallow in one eye. In case of 0.012% subconjunctival injection, bleb size and duration were greater than those with soaking and slightly shallow anterior chamber was shown in all cases. In cases of subconjunctival injection with 0.016% mitomycin-C, shallow anterior chamber and hypotony were common. In histological examination, there was similiar findings of fibroblast activity between 0.008% subconjunctival injection and 0.004% soaking cases. Therefore we conclude that the concentration of mitomycin-c in subconjunctival injection for glaucoma filtering surgery should not be higher than 0.008%.
Anterior Chamber ; Blister ; Fibroblasts ; Filtering Surgery ; Glaucoma ; Mitomycin* ; Porifera ; Rabbits ; Silicones ; Wounds and Injuries

We conducted a prospective study to compare MMC subconjunctival injection with MMC soaking for surgical outcome and postoperative complications as an adjunct to trabeculectomy in eyes with glaucoma. Eleven patients with bilateral glaucoma had undergone primary trabeculectomy with adjunctive subconjunctival mitomycin-C injection in one eye[Group I] and primary trabeculectomy with subconjunctival mitomycin-C soaking in the other eye[Group II]. Minimal follow-up period was 6 months and mean follow-up period was 12.8 months. Preoperative mean IOP was 35+/-10.9 mmHg in the group Iand 33+/-14.4 mmHg in the group II, and there was no statistical significance. Postoperative mean IOP at 1, 3, 6 months were 13+/-2.3, 13+/-3.1, 13.6+/-2.9 mmHg in the group I, and 11.3+/-3.3, 12.2+/-3.4, 12.9+/-2.7 mmHg in the group IIand no statistical significance. Each of ten eyes[91%] in both groups achieved intraocular pressure of less than 21 mmHg and good bleb formation without any medication. Postoperative complications were transient hyphema[18% in the group I, 9% in the group II], cystic bleb[9% in the group I, 27% in the group II] and shallow anterior chamber[9% in the group II]. Postoperative corneal endothelial cell density per square millimeter averaged 2, 221+/-306/mm2[mean+/-standard deviation] in the group I and 2, 195+/-272/mm2in the group II and there was no statistical significance. The rates of surgical success and postoperative complications were similiar in the two groups. Subconjunctival injection has similar effect to soaking method. This method enables us to have accurate control of concentration and amount of MMC, and thereby reduces complications and improves surgical outcomes in trabeculectomy.
Blister ; Endothelial Cells ; Filtering Surgery ; Follow-Up Studies ; Glaucoma ; Humans ; Intraocular Pressure ; Mitomycin* ; Postoperative Complications ; Prospective Studies ; Trabeculectomy*

Primary orbital meningioma is rare. We have experienced a case of orbital meningioma arising from the orbital portion of the optic nerve sheath, which was attached to the optic sheath and extended through the optic canal to the intracranial cavity. Ten-year-old boy had suffered from visual disturbance in both eyes for seven months pre viously, his visual acuity was totally blind in the left eye and finger count/3m in the right eye. In the ophthalmoscopic finding of the left eye the optic disc was poorly demarcated and atrophic. Postoperatively his visual acuity was improved to 0.3 in the right eye.
Fingers ; Humans ; Male ; Meningioma* ; Optic Nerve ; Orbit* ; Visual Acuity

We conducted retrospective study to compare MMC subconjunctival injection with MMC soaking for surgical outcome and postoperative complications as an adjunct to trabeculectomy in eyes with primary glaucoma. Thirty-two eyes of 27 patients with primary glaucoma who ahd undergone primary trabeculectomy with adjunctive subconjunctival mitomycin-C injection (Group I, 0.04mg/ml, 0.05ml) were compared with subconjunctival mitomycin-C soaking group (Group II, 0.4mg/ml, 3 min) of 30 eyes of 25 patietns with primary glaucoma who had undergone primary trabeculectomy. Minimal follow-up period was 3 months and mean follow-up period was 14.5 months in group I, 15.7 months in group II. Preoperative mean IOP was 33.9+/-9.3mmHg in group I, 28.3+/-10.1mmHg in group II and there was no statistical significance. Postoperative mean IOP in 1, 3, 5 months were 16.4+/-7.0, 16.1+/-7.5, 16.9+/-5.8mmHg in group I, 13.2+/-4.4, 14.2+/-4.1, 15.1+/-4.7 mmHg in group II, respectively. Twenty-six eyes(81%) in group I and twenty-three eyes (77%) in group II achieved an intraocular pressure of less than 21 mmHg and good bleb formation. Postoperative complications were hyphema(9% in group I, 10% in group II), shallow anterior chamber (6% in group I, 3% in group II), bleb leaking (3% in group I, 0% in group II), hypotony maculopathy (3% in group I, 3% in group II), avascular cystic bleb(13% in group I, 25% in group II) and belb fibrosis (18% in group I, 25% in group II). There was no statistical significance. The rates of surgical success and postoperative compliations were similar in the two groups. Subconjunctival injection is another useful adjunctive application method of MMC. The method is able to control accurate amount and to improve surgical outcome in trabeculectomy.
Anterior Chamber ; Blister ; Fibrosis ; Follow-Up Studies ; Glaucoma ; Humans ; Intraocular Pressure ; Mitomycin* ; Postoperative Complications ; Retrospective Studies ; Trabeculectomy*

The author have statistically observed growth pattern of LBW infants born at NMC obstetric ward for 4 years form Jan. 1972 rtrough Dec, 1975. LBW infants were divided ino 2 groups, preterm and small-for-date infants and compared with normal full-term delivered infants group for height and weight. Following results were obtained 1) As compared with NFD infants group, preterm infants group revealed ststistically meaningful difference in height and weight until 5-6 months of age. Thereafter no difference was noticed. But, SFD group showed difference in height and weight until 1 year of age. 2) Preterm infants group was found to have a greater growth velocity than SFD group in 4-7 months of age, SFD group showed relatively similar increment of height and weight with NFD group. 3) Mean heght and weight of LBW infants were below NFD gronp until 1 year of age. Growth velocity ws similar with NFD group, so handicaps of LBW infants were not overcome statistically during 1 year after birth.
Humans ; Infant* ; Infant, Low Birth Weight* ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Parturition