No abstract available.
Schizophrenia*

Being a rare disease entity, there have been few references about the cleft hand in Korea. We evaluated the postoperative cosmetic results of 17 cleft hands in 14 patients, who were treated surgically at the Department of Orthopedic Surgery of Seoul National University Hospital, from 1982 to 1993. Among 14 patients, 8 were males. Bilateral cleft hands were in five patients and unilateral in 9. Three of five patients who had bilateral cleft hands, were treated surgically on both hands. Remaining two patients had an operation on one hand which affected more severely. Average age at the time of operation was 2 years and 5 months(5 months-10years). Average duration of follow-up was 34 months(1 year 1 month-7years 5 months). By Lange's classification, typical patterns were 16 hands and atypical pattern one. By Flatt's classification, there were 8 hands of I b, 7 I c, 1 I a, 1 II. One patient had family history whose father had both cleft hands and feet. Congenital anomalies other than cleft hand were associated in 10 of 14 patients. Two patients had 3 associated anomalies, 4 patients 2, and 4 patients one. Syndactyly was the most common associated anomaly of affected cleft hand. Central cleft was closed by Snow-Littler technique in 4 hands(24%), Barsky method in 12(71%) and others in 1(6%). Metacarpal bone was treated by intermetacarpal ligament reconstruction in 1 hand(6%), excision only 7(41%), transfer of 2(rd) metacarpal to 3(rd) metacarpal base after excision 5(29%), and 2(rd) metacarpal corrective osteotomy 3(18%). Complications were in 2 hands; one wound dehiesence of cleft, and one partial necrosis of skin. The cosmetic results of surgical treatment were graded into good, fair or poor by the parents-Good ; when parents were satisfied with the result, Fair; improved cosmesis but not satisfied, and Poor; no improvement after surgery. Good was in 16 hands and fair in one.
Classification ; Fathers ; Follow-Up Studies ; Foot ; Hand ; Humans ; Korea ; Ligaments ; Male ; Methods ; Necrosis ; Orthopedics ; Osteotomy ; Parents ; Rare Diseases ; Seoul ; Skin ; Syndactyly ; Wounds and Injuries

We Performed an epidemiologic survey for strabismus among primary school-children in order to investigate the number of strabismus from March 1995 to February 1996. Cover-uncover test and prism cover test were used. The results were as follows:1. Out of 9054 1st grade primary school-children examined, 322(3.56%) were found as strabismus. 2. 322 cases of strabismus include 262(81.4%)exodeviation and 60(18.6%) esodeviation. 3. Alternating type and monocular type strabismus have no difference both in exotropia and esotrapia. 4. In exotropia and esotropia, no sexual predilection was found. 5. Most portion of deviation angle distribute between 11 to 20 prism diopter. 6. The difference of number of strabismus between big cities and small cities was statistically insignificant(p>0.05).
Epidemiology ; Esotropia ; Exotropia ; Korea* ; Strabismus*

BACKGROUND: Flecainide is an antiarrhythmic agent that is used primarily in the treatment of cardiac arrhythmias. Some evidences also suggest that flecainide can participate in alveolar fluid clearance and inflammatory responses. This experiment was aimed to evaluate the effects of flecainide on sepsis induced acute lung injury in a rat model. METHODS: Rats were treated with subcutaneous infusion of saline or flecainide (0.1 or 0.2 mg/kg/hr) by a mini-osmotic pump. Subcutaneous infusion was started 3 hours before and continued until 8 hours after intraperitoneal injection of saline or endotoxin. Animals were sacrificed for analyses of severity of acute lung injury with wet to dry (W/D) ratio and lung injury score (LIS) in lung and inflammatory responses with level of leukocyte, polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) and inteleukin-8 (IL-8) in bronchoalveolar lavages fluid (BALF). RESULTS: Flecainide markedly improved dose dependently sepsis induced acute lung injury as analysed by W/D ratio (from 2.24 ± 0.11 to 1.76 ± 0.09, p < 0.05) and LIS (from 3 to 1, p < 0.05), and inflammatory response as determined by leukocyte (from 443 ± 127 to 229 ± 95, p < 0.05), PMNs (from 41.43 ± 17.63 to 2.43 ± 2.61, p < 0.05) and IL-8 (from 95.00 ± 15.28 to 40.00 ± 10.21, p < 0.05) in BALF. CONCLUSIONS: Flecanide improve sepsis induced acute lung injury in rats by controlling inflammatory responses.
Acute Lung Injury* ; Animals ; Arrhythmias, Cardiac ; Bronchoalveolar Lavage ; Flecainide* ; Infusions, Subcutaneous ; Injections, Intraperitoneal ; Interleukin-8 ; Leukocytes ; Lung ; Lung Injury ; Models, Animal ; Neutrophils ; Rats ; Sepsis*

No abstract available.
Cartilage* ; Glutaral* ; Rabbits* ; Transplants*

The Psychopathology of schizophrenia is composed of many heterogeneous symptom complex, and multifaceted approaches have been done on this subject. It is so simplified a method that the complex symptoms of schizophrenia are classified into only positive and negative symptoms. Preceded studies of other researchers said cognitive deficit of the schizophrenics played important roles in the symptom formation. The purpose of this study is the evaluation of the relationship between the symptoms of schizophrenia and the memory function and low level of cognitive function. In this study, 30 subacute and chronic schizophrenic patients were included. PANSS(Positive and Negative Symptom Scale) was applied to evaluate the clinical symptoms in each subject. The memory function and low level cognitive function were evaluated using WMS-R(Wechsler Memory Scale-revised version) and Decision-reaction timer. The results showed negative correlations between cognitive factor of PANSS(5 factor model) and delayed recall of WMS-R. These results suggest the possibility that symptom evaluation using PANSS can be a preliminary estimation of cognitive function in schizophrenia.
Humans ; Memory ; Neuropsychological Tests* ; Psychopathology ; Schizophrenia* ; Symptom Assessment

No abstract available.
Echocardiography, Transesophageal* ; Foramen Ovale, Patent*

Mitochondrial myopathy is characterized by variable clinical manifestations from mild limb weakness to fatal respiratory failure and central nervous system sequela. But it is a rare event that sleep disordered breathing become a clue of diagnosis for mitochondrial myopathy. We report a case of a 21 year-old man who was diagnosed as mitochondrial myopathy during the investigation for the possible cause of chronic hypoventilation syndrome. Before being admitted to our hospital, he was suspected as having sleep apnea syndrome in another hospital. We re-evaluated the history, physical examination, laboratoy findings and polysomnography in detail. Severe hypoxemia was noted during REM sleep on nocturnal polysomnography and the diagnosis of mitochondrial myopathy was made by muscle biopsy in rectus abdominis muscle. We treated him with bilevel positive airway pressure therapy during sleep and it could reverse the hypoxemia during REM sleep. He could be discharged with improved condition and is being well with the use of this ventilatory assistance.
Anoxia* ; Biopsy ; Central Nervous System ; Diagnosis ; Extremities ; Humans ; Hypoventilation ; Mitochondrial Myopathies* ; Physical Examination ; Polysomnography ; Rectus Abdominis ; Respiratory Insufficiency ; Sleep Apnea Syndromes ; Sleep, REM* ; Young Adult

BACKGROUND: This study was designed to investigate the relationship between psychiatric disease and systemic Internal Medical disease in psychiatric inpatients who were consulted to department of Internal Medicine and was directed to assess the physical problems and possible ways to resolve them in a closed psychiatric unit. METHOD: Through evaluation of medical records of 1549 inpatients who had consulted in department of internal medicine in Seoul National(mental) Hospital from January 1, 2002 to December 31, 2002. We classified the Physical illness according to ICD-9-CM and psychiatric disease according to DSM-IV RESULTS: The results were as follows: 1) In age and sex distribution, male was 64.4% and 45.9% of the subject was 4th and 5th decades. 2) The most systemic diagnosis were disease of respiratory system, disease of digestive system and endocrine system. 3) schizophrenia showed the highest rate in respiratory disease. Rate of digestive disease was the highest in alcohol use disorder. Disease of respiratory system and disease of digestive system were the most frequent in mood disorder 4) In 1st decade, Digestive system digease was the most frequent, others were respiratory system disease. 5) onset age of psychiatric disease was the oldest in circulatory disease. In genitourinary system disease, duration of psychiatric disease was the longest CONCLUSION: The clinical characteristics of psychiatric disease influenced to get systemic disease in psychiatric patients.
Age of Onset ; Diagnosis ; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ; Digestive System ; Endocrine System ; Humans ; Inpatients* ; Internal Medicine ; International Classification of Diseases ; Male ; Medical Records ; Mood Disorders ; Respiratory System ; Schizophrenia ; Seoul ; Sex Distribution ; Urogenital System

OBJECTIVES: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) has the feature of excessive LH, hyperandrogenism and disturbance of folliculogenesis. Also, insulin, IGF-I and IGFBP-1 are involved in the pathogenesis of PCOS. Various surgical and medical therapies have been used and the action mechanisms are related to the endocrine effect. Laparoscopic ovarian electrocautery or laser vaporization is effective in the restoration of ovulation and normal menstrual cycle with minimal invasive procedure especially in the patients resistant to medical therapy. Clomiphen citrate (CC) is used for the ovulation induction in PCOS and the resistance is known to be related to insulin, IGF-I, IGFBP-1 levels. This study was performed to evaluate the effect of the laparoscopic laser vaporization on the levels of LH, FSH, testosterone, IGF-I and IGFBP-1 and on the ovarian response to clomiphen citrate in patients with CC-resistant PCOS. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The fasting basal serum LH, FSH, testosterone, IGF-I and IGFBP-1 level were measured in 10 PCOS patients with CC-resistance and 7 normal controls with regular menstrual cycle. In PCOS, after laparoscopic CO2 laser vaporization, endocrine levels were measured in 1 week interval for 4 weeks and then compared with preoperative levels. RESULTS: In PCOS group, mean serum LH/FSH ratio, testosterone, IGF-I levels were higher and IGFBP-1 level was lower than control. LH/FSH ratio decreased from 2.51+/-0.67 to 1.7+/-0.6 (p<0.05) in 2 weeks, to 0.56+/-0.2 (p<0.01) in 3 weeks and to 1.41+/-0.3 (p<0.01) in 4 weeks after operation. Testosterone level decreased from 1.51+/-0.82 ng/ml to 0.65+/-0.34 ng/ml (p<0.05) in 2 weeks, to 0.56+/-0.67 ng/ml (p<0.01) in 3 weeks after operation. IGF-I level also decreased from 436+/-47.5 microgram/l to 187+/-38 microgram/l (p<0.01) in 1 week, to 167+/-42 microgram/l (p<0.01) in 2 weeks, 179+/-55 microgram/l (p<0.01) in 3 weeks and to 120 +/-43 microgram/l (p<0.01) in 4 weeks after operation. IGFBP-1 level showed no significant change. In 8 of 10 PCOS patients, ovulation was induced with low dose clomiphen citrate. CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic CO2 laser vaporization restores normal menstrual cycle and ovulation through endocrine effect of decreasing LH/FSH ratio, testosterone and IGF-I level and increases the response to CC. Therefore it is useful for restoration of normal menstruation and induction of ovulation in CC resistant PCOS patients.
Citric Acid ; Electrocoagulation ; Fasting ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperandrogenism ; Insulin ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 1 ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I ; Laser Therapy* ; Lasers, Gas ; Menstrual Cycle ; Menstruation ; Ovulation ; Ovulation Induction ; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome* ; Testosterone ; Volatilization