OBJETIVE: This study was performed to investigate the effect of metformin therapy on ovulation induction & pregnancy rate in clomiphene citrate-resistant PCOS women. METHOD: This study used a randomized, single-blinded, case-controlled methods. Total study group consisted of 21 women who showed clomiphene citrate-resistant parttern on previous ovulation induction cycles. Patients of metformin group received metformin 500 mg three times daily, for 7 weeks. Control group received none. Metformin group was consisted of 10 women and control group was consisted of 11 women. Then clomiphene was administrated at daily 50 mg for 5 days to both groups. Clomiphene dosage was increased to daily 150 mg until ovulation was occurred. Before and After metformin treatment, blood samples for measurement of insulin, glucose, steroids were obtained. RESULTS: In the metformin and control groups, 6 of 10 women (60%) and 2 of 11 women (18%) ovulated. And 4 of 10 women (40%) and 0 of 11 women (0%) conceived. Comparisons between the groups were significant. CONCLUSION: In PCOS women who are resistant to CC, metformin use increased the ovulation rate and pregnancy rate from CC treatment, significantly.
Case-Control Studies ; Clomiphene* ; Female ; Glucose ; Humans ; Insulin ; Insulin Resistance ; Metformin* ; Ovulation ; Ovulation Induction ; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome* ; Pregnancy Rate ; Steroids

No abstract available.
Frontal Sinus*

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) has been definitively shown to be a risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease and mortality. Recent reports have indicated that obstructive sleep apnea is associated with insulin resistance and impaired glucose metabolism, also have type 2 diabetes. The potential mechanisms leading to the development of type 2 diabetes in OSA patients are likely to be various. Reduced physical activity resulting from daytime somnolence, sympathetic nervous system activation, intermittent hypoxia, sleep fragmentation and sleep loss, dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis, alteration in adipokine profiles, and activation of inflammatory pathways have been proposed. Based on the current evidence, clinicians should assess the risk of OSA in patients with type 2 diabetes and, conversely, consider that possibility of glucose intolerance in patients with OSA. Further large-scale and long-term follow-up studies in patient populations with selected by reliable but inexpensive diagnostic measures, controlled for potential confounder factor, are needed.
Adipokines ; Anoxia ; Axis, Cervical Vertebra ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; Glucose ; Glucose Intolerance ; Humans ; Insulin Resistance ; Motor Activity ; Risk Factors ; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive ; Sleep Deprivation ; Sympathetic Nervous System

No abstract available.
Endolymphatic Hydrops*

No abstract available.
Aluminum Oxide* ; Dental Porcelain*

Cardiovascular measurement on PA teleroentgenogram of the chest is simple, but very useful in the diagnosis,prognosis, and therapy of hypertensive patients. The authors have measured and calculated cardiothoracic ratio,Lt, to Rt. cardiac diameter ratio, and Lt, aortic knob width to thoracic diameter ration for evaluation of theeffect of blood pressure and age in hypertensive group. We used materials of 70mm fluorography of 255 hypertensivemen above 150/90mmHg chosen from national police hospital during Jan. from Aug. 1981. Their age ranged from 20 to50 yeras. The results were as follows. 1. Cardiomegaly (above 50 percents in cardiothoracic ration) ofhypertensive men is 26%. 2. The cardiothoracic ration increased progressively with blood pressure and age, butpooly correlated between cardiothoracic ration and age than blood pressure. 3. The Lt. to Rt. cardiac diameterration gave similar trend to the cardiothoracic ration. It indicates that hypertensive cardiac enlargement mainlydepned on Lt. Ventricular enlargement. 4. The Lt. aortic knob width to thoracic diameter ration increasedprogressively with blood pressure and age, and had linear correlationship with blood pressure and age. Therefore,prominence of aortic knob is the most significant finding in hypertensive cardiovascular disease.
Blood Pressure ; Cardiomegaly ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; Humans ; Male ; Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1 ; Police ; Thorax

No abstract available.
Umbilical Cord*

Testicular biopsy has been known as very useful diagnostic procedure for the male infertility. For the past 9 months percutaneous testicular biopsy procedures were attempted on 64 patients with azoospermia or atrophic testis using a new Tru-Cut biopsy needle. In addition surgical testicular open biopsy procedure on one side and percutaneous testicular needle biopsy procedure on the other side were performed in comparison with two techniques. Biopsy specimens were fixed in Bouin solution. They were stained and histologically examined. Results were summarized as follows: Numbers of seminiferous tubules obtained by needle biopsy technique were found to be fewer than that of the tubules obtained by open biopsy technique. But diagnostic accuracy was not compromised by the needle biopsy technique. There was no bleeding either from the testis or scrotum, no extusion of testicular tissue from the puncuate site. In conclusion percutaneous testicular biopsy using Tru-Cut biopsy needle has been proved to be simple, time saving, less expensive and accurate method for testicular biopsy.
Azoospermia ; Biopsy* ; Biopsy, Needle* ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Infertility ; Infertility, Male ; Male ; Needles* ; Scrotum ; Seminiferous Tubules ; Testis

OBJECTIVES: Several studies suggest that nocturia may be related to obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). The mechanism by which OSAS develops nocturia has not been determined. The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of nocturia among adults with OSAS and to identify factors that may be predictive in this regard. METHODS: Retrospective review of clinical and polysomnographic data obtained from patients evaluated at the sleep clinics of the St. Paul's Hospital between 2009 and 2012. The urinary symptoms were assessed on the basis of the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS). Pathologic nocturia was defined as two or more urination events per night. OSAS was defined as apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) > or =5. A multivariate analysis using logistic regression was performed to examine the relationship between polysomnographic variables and the presence of pathologic nocturia, while controlling for confounding factor. RESULTS: A total of 161 men >18 years of age (mean age 46.7+/-14.1), who had been referred to a sleep laboratory, were included in the present study. Among these, 27 patients with primary snoring and 134 patients with obstructive sleep apnea were confirmed by polysomnography. Nocturia was found in 53 patients with OSAS (39.6%) and 8 patients with primary snoring (29.6%). The AHI was higher in patients with nocturia than in those without nocturia (p=0.001). OSAS patients with nocturia had higher arousal index (p=0.044), and lower nadir oxyhemoglobin saturation (p=0.001). Multiple regression analysis showed that age (beta=0.227, p=0.003), and AHI (beta=0.258, p=0.001) were associated with nocturia, and that the presence of pathologic nocturia was predicted by age (OR 1.04 ; p=0.004) and AHI (OR 1.02 ; p=0.001). CONCLUSION: Nocturia is common among patients with OSAS. The strongest predictors of nocturia are age and AHI in patients with OSAS.
Adult ; Arousal ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Multivariate Analysis ; Nocturia* ; Oxyhemoglobins ; Polysomnography ; Prevalence* ; Prostate ; Retrospective Studies ; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive* ; Snoring ; Urination

No abstract available.
Child* ; Colon* ; Constipation* ; Enema* ; Fecal Incontinence* ; Humans