No abstract available.
Biopsy* ; Prostate*

No abstract available.
Ureter*

PURPOSE: Recent studies report that up to 40 to 50% of patients who were thought to have clinically localized disease were found to be understaged subsequent to radical surgery. Clearly, development of more sensitive means to identify patients with micrometastatic, locally invasive disease is warranted. With the development of molecular biology, we can apply reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) that allows us to identify PSA-synthesizing cells in peripheral blood even when they are highly diluted in a population of peripheral lymphocytes. In this study, we will evaluate the role of RT-PCR in molecular staging of prostate cancer to apply it to clinical situations. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Peripheral blood was obtained from a wide variety of patients with and without prostate cancer before radical prostatectomy. After ribonucleic acid isolation, complementary deoxyribonucleic acid was generated and amplified with a hot-start technique. RT-PCR results were compared with pathologic stage, Gleason score, serum PSA and tumor volume. RESULTS: The RT-PCR test was positive in 0 of 20 controls without suspicion of prostate cancer. Before radical prostatectomy a positive test was obtained in 2 of 9(22.2%) with pT2 disease versus 3 of 5(60%) with pT3 disease. A positive test was obtained in 5 of 6(83.3%) with overt lymph node or bone metastatic disease. We obtained intermittent RT-PCR positive results in serial procedures with two overt bone metastatic cancer patients. There was no significant difference in serum PSA, Gleason score or tumor volume between the men with positive or negative results. CONCLUSIONS: The PSA RT-PCR test in our laboratory cannot be used preoperatively to predict accurate pathological stage of prostate cancer who have undertaken radical prostatectomy. But there is a tendency that PSA mRNA was more frequently detected with higher stage. If the methodology of RT-PCR is refined and improved and sample size increased, RT-PCR for PSA mRNA will become a valuable tool for the evaluation of prostate cancer patients.
DNA ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; Lymphocytes ; Male ; Molecular Biology ; Neoplasm Grading ; Prostate* ; Prostate-Specific Antigen ; Prostatectomy ; Prostatic Neoplasms* ; RNA ; RNA, Messenger ; Sample Size ; Tumor Burden

Renal cell carcinoma may metastasize to various portions of the body but dissemination to the prostate is very rare. The presenting symptom of a 79 year old man was acute urinary retention which was clinically thought to be benign prostatic hyperplasia. Radical nephrectomy was performed 22 months ago due to renal cell carcinoma. The histologic examination of the transurethral resection specimen demonstrated metastatic renal cell carcinoma and there was no distant metastasis except the lymph node.
Aged ; Carcinoma, Renal Cell* ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; Neoplasm Metastasis* ; Nephrectomy ; Prostate* ; Prostatic Hyperplasia ; Urinary Retention

PURPOSE: Recently, many alternative forms of non-surgical treatment modalities were devised for the management of BPH and one of them is transurethral radiofrequency thermotherapy(TURT). In this study, we investigated the long term efficacy of TURT. MATERIALS AND METHOD: A total of 132 patients with symptomatic BPH were treated in a single session with TURT using Thermex-ll(47.5 degrees C, 150minutes) and 88 patients who were available to follow-up for more than 6 months after TURT were enrolled in this study. Among them, 65 patients were available to follow-up for more than 2 years. The baseline and post-treatment mean symptom score(Madson-Iversen), maximal flow rate(MFR), residual urine volume and prostate volume were compared. Improvement was defined as a reduction of more than 50% in at least one of two parameters(symptom score and maximal flow rate). We also investigated whether other treatment modalities were selected in 2 years after TURT. RESULTS: At 3 months follow-up, improvements were observed in 59.1%(52/88), and at 6 months 54.5%(48/88). However, improvements in both symptom score and maximal flow rate at 3 and 6 months after treatment were only 27.3% and 20.5%, respectively. Among 65 patients who were available to follow-up for more than 2 years, 27 patients(41.5%) had undergone transurethral resection of the prostate either with(19) or without medication(8). 28 patients (43.1%) received medical therapy such as alpha blocker during the last two years after TURT. The post-treatment values of the 10 patients who had not received adjuvant therapy were not significantly different from those at baseline. CONCLUSIONS: Although thermal treatment for BPH is an alternative option with minimal complication in selected symptomatic patients who are not clear candidates for surgery or high-risk patients, the long term effect of TURT is not sufficient to relieve the obstructive and irritative symptoms of BPH.
Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Hyperthermia, Induced* ; Prostate ; Prostatic Hyperplasia*

PURPOSE: In order to help identifying the subgroups of primary megaureter who neck operation, we retrospectively reviewed the clinical records of the patients who had primary megaureters without vesicoureteral reflux. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We analyzed the initial differential renal function, UTI rate and the incidence of breakthrough infection of each group. Every patient had abdominal renal ultrasonograms and diuretic renograms during his/her follow-up period and the calyceal changes and differential renal functions were assessed. RESULTS: Those who underwent operation in their neonatal period did not have considerable postoperative problems. Those with primary obstructive megaureters who underwent operation had severe calyceal dilatation at the initial evaluation. However, there were severe calyceal dilatation in the nonobstructive-nonrefluxing group, too. Those who had poor differential renal function at the initial evaluation had a greater chance to have surgical correction. Those who were classified as primary obstructive megaureter and underwent operation had a higher rate of urinary tract infection than the counterpart who had consevative care. CONCLUSIONS: In order to differentiate those who need operation, we think that the differential renal function, the calyceal morphology, The diuretic renogram curve and urinary tract infection all act as combined factors altogether and not a single factor acts as a contributing factor. That is, if the diuretic renogram cutie is obstructive and there is urinary tract infection in the initial evaluation or if there is severe calyceal dilatation and decline of the differential renal function, we think that surgical correction should be under consideration. In contrast, if the diuretic renogram cutie is not obstructive and there are other factors combined, we think that conservative treatment should be the choice only if there is no breakthrough infection.
Dilatation ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Incidence ; Neck ; Retrospective Studies ; Ultrasonography ; Urinary Tract Infections ; Vesico-Ureteral Reflux*

BACKGROUND: Recently, the prevalence of obesity and socioeconomic costs stemming from obesity are increasing steeply. Obesity, in particular, has a highly polarization caused by income levels. Obesity in low-income patients is expected to become a serious social problem in the future. This study aims to observe the effects of consistent consultation and drug therapy during a six months period, and to develop the treatment process of obesity for low-income people. METHODS: The body weight, waist circumference, body mass index (BMI), and blood pressure (BP) was measured every 2 weeks, and laboratory blood tests with a survey including Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and eating behavior index was checked at 0, 3, and 6 months. Paired t-test and linear mixed model was done to evaluate the difference between pre-treatment data and post-treatment data. RESULTS: Twenty-one patients (2 males, median age [interquartile range] of 39 years [29-46]) were analyzed. There were statistically significant reductions of body weight (P<0.01), BMI (P<0.01), waist circumference (P<0.01), low-density lipoprotein (P=0.01), BDI-I (P<0.01), eating behavior index (P<0.01). There was no statistically significant difference of safety outcome of the BP and blood tests. CONCLUSIONS: Proper obesity treatment of obese patients of low socioeconomic status was meaningful enough to affect depression and eating patterns as well as reducing body weight and decreased waist circumference.
Blood Pressure ; Body Mass Index ; Body Weight ; Depression ; Drug Therapy ; Eating ; Feeding Behavior ; Hematologic Tests ; Humans ; Korea* ; Lipoproteins ; Male ; Obesity ; Prevalence ; Prospective Studies* ; Social Class* ; Social Problems ; Socioeconomic Factors ; Waist Circumference

PURPOSE: Dendritic cells (DC) play a crucial role in the initiation of primary immune response and are known as an excellent adjuvant for anti-cancer immunity. In this study, we tried to obtain substantial numbers of DC from peripheral blood of normal volunteers. We also investigated the anti-tumor immune response of DC pulsed by renal cell carcinoma cell line A498 in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS: DC were generated by culturing plastic adherent mononuclear cells from the peripheral blood in the presence of granulocyte-macrophage colony- stimulating factor and interleukin-4. Immature DC were cocultured with T-cells and pulsed by A498. MTT analysis was performed using the medium in which A498 only was cultured as control. Our experiments were analyzed by means of a commercial IL-12 p70 ELISA (Quantikine; R & D Systems, Minneapolis, MN). The capture antibodies used in both tests specifically recognize the p70 heterodimer, but not the free p40 chains. Detection limits were 30pg/ml of IL-12. RESULTS: We could obtain 1.5-2.0x106 DC with phenotype typical of mature DC (CD14-, CD80+, and CD83+) from the normal peripheral blood. On T-cell proliferation assay, the number of T-cells increased in proportion to that of DC and when DC were pulsed by A498, the same phenomenon could be observed. DC and T-cell media with A498 tumor lysate showed more production of IL-12 on IL-12 p70 ELISA than the media without A498 tumor lysate. CONCLUSIONS: We could successfully obtain mature DC from the peripheral blood. The data revealed indirectly that DC treated with tumor lysate enhance immune activity and thereby increase the anti-cancer effect of T-cells. Further investigations including in-vivo study are necessary to realize the effect of immunotherapy using DC against metastatic renal cell carcinoma.
Antibodies ; Carcinoma, Renal Cell* ; Cell Line* ; Dendritic Cells* ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Healthy Volunteers ; Immunotherapy ; Interleukin-12 ; Interleukin-4 ; Limit of Detection ; Monocytes* ; Phenotype ; Plastics ; T-Lymphocytes

PURPOSE: To evaluate the impact of temporary internal ureteral stents on the surgical outcomes of dismembered pyeloplasty in children. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The medical records of 70 children (76 renal units) who underwent dismembered pyeloplasty for ureteropelvic junction (UPJ) obstruction at at Asan Medical Center between January 2005 and December 2010 were retrospectively reviewed. We classified the renal units into the stented group (22 renal units) and the nonstented group (54 renal units). Fifty-four of 70 patients were male and their mean age was 2.2+/-3.8 years old. The mean follow-up period was 29.6+/-16.8 months. RESULTS: Sixty-four children had unilateral UPJ obstruction. The mean stent duration was 31.9 days. As shown by evaluation of radiologic images, there were no significant differences between the stented group and the nonstented group during the follow-up period (p>0.05). The mean preoperative and postoperative anteroposterior pelvic diameters (APPDs) of the nonstented group were 31.3 mm and 15.1 mm, respectively (p<0.001). The preoperative and postoperative grades of hydronephrosis were 3.9 and 2.9, respectively (p=0.037). The mean preoperative and postoperative APPDs of the stented group were 36.4 mm and 15.6 mm, respectively (p<0.001). The preoperative and postoperative grades of hydronephrosis were 4 and 3.1, respectively (p<0.001). Repeat obstruction was shown in 4 subjects as a postoperative complication (5.7%). Two children from each group had recurrent UPJ obstruction, with percentages of 3.7% and 9%, respectively (p=0.575). CONCLUSIONS: In a comparison of nonstented and stented groups during pediatric dismembered pyeloplasty for UPJ obstruction, no significant differences were found in the resolution of hydronephrosis or overall postoperative complications.
Child ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Hydronephrosis ; Male ; Medical Records ; Postoperative Complications ; Retrospective Studies ; Stents ; Ureter ; Ureteral Obstruction

PURPOSE: The goal of this study was to investigate the association between hypercholesterolemia and the time required for progression to castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) in patients who have undergone androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data from 154 patients with prostate cancer between 2005 and 2012 were reviewed retrospectively. ADT was employed as a treatment modality for these patients either due to multiple bone metastases at the time of diagnosis or due to old age in combination with other morbidities. Serum cholesterol levels and statin use were reviewed. We analyzed the factors associated with the development of CRPC after ADT treatment. The mean follow-up period was 34.8 months. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 71.3 years old and their mean prostate-specific antigen level was 141.8±212.6 ng/mL. Their mean cholesterol level was 175.9±37.7 mg/dL, and 14 patients (9.1%) were statin users. CRPC developed in 44 patients (28.6%), and the mean duration from ADT treatment to CRPC was 24.1 months. In a multivariate analysis, hypercholesterolemia was associated with the development of CRPC (hazard ratio [HR]=1.017, p<0.001), depending on clinical T stage (p=0.005) and the presence of bone metastasis (p<0.001). A subanalysis showed that hypercholesterolemia was associated with the development of CRPC in patients with bone metastasis (HR=1.032, p<0.001), but not in patients without bone metastasis. CONCLUSIONS: Hypercholesterolemia may be associated with the development of CRPC after ADT in patients with bone metastasis. Further studies with longer follow-up periods and larger samples are needed to validate this finding.
Cholesterol ; Diagnosis ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors ; Hypercholesterolemia* ; Multivariate Analysis ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Prognosis ; Prostate* ; Prostate-Specific Antigen ; Prostatic Neoplasms* ; Retrospective Studies