Meningioma is usually known to occur stuck to the dura mater, but extradural meningioma occurs rarely. Most of the extradural meningiomas are located in the head and neck and we report a case of the primary intraosseous meningioma in the orbit. A 50-year old woman presented with the left eye hyperemia and exophthalmos. Neuroimaging modalities showed hyperostosis at the left sphenoid and orbital wall. On microscopic view, spindle cells and psammoma bodies between the woven bones were observed. The origin of the intraosseous meningioma is explained with various potent possibilities and differential diagnosis thoroughly explored.
Diagnosis, Differential ; Dura Mater ; Exophthalmos ; Female ; Head ; Humans ; Hyperemia ; Hyperostosis ; Meningioma* ; Middle Aged ; Neck ; Neuroimaging ; Orbit

To determine the therapeutic effect of closed-needle irrigation of knee for pain from osteoarthritis(OA), we conducted a randomized, single blind, 8 week prospective trial study. A comparison was done between the closed-needle irrigation of knee and standard conservative treatment in 30 patients with non-end stage OA of the knee. Statistically significant differences (P<0.05) favoring closed-needle irrigation of knee over conservative treatment were noted by the Visual Analog Scale for pain in these patients. Overall assessments on effectiveness of therapy by patients(Patient's global assessment) and physician(Knee rating scale) were also statistically superior among closed-needle irrigation group. We conclude that the closed-needle irrigation of knee for the treatment of pain from osteoarthritis is an effective treatment and is superior than the traditional conservative treatment in therapeutic effect.
Humans ; Knee* ; Osteoarthritis* ; Prospective Studies ; Visual Analog Scale

A fifty-five year old male was admitted because of fever and chill for one month. He complained of upper abdominal pain, malaise, anorexia and weight loss. So diagnostic procedures were performed: stool exam., bload chemistry testing, ultrasonography, radionuclide scintigraphy. ERCP, abdominal CT, and sonoguided liver aspiration, which revealed intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma associated with clonorchiasis.
Abdominal Pain ; Anorexia ; Chemistry ; Cholangiocarcinoma* ; Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde ; Clonorchiasis* ; Fever ; Humans ; Liver ; Male ; Radionuclide Imaging ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Ultrasonography ; Weight Loss ; Cholangiocarcinoma

Essential osteolysis is very rare, slowly progressive disease. Its etiology and pathophysiology is still unknown. Only one case has been reported in Korea. We experienced one case of essential osteolysis associated with renal insufficiency involving bilateral carpal, metacarpal, tarsal, metatarsal bones, elbow, ankle. We report a case of 24-year-old female who had manifestations of essential osteolysis with renal insufficiency with brief review of literatures.
Ankle ; Elbow ; Female ; Humans ; Korea ; Metatarsal Bones ; Osteolysis, Essential* ; Renal Insufficiency ; Young Adult

Although acute renal failure is common in patients with fulminant hepatitis, it has been recognized as a rare complication of non-fulrninant acute hepatitis A. So far about 30 patients have been described in the literature who had acute hepatitis A associated with acute renal failure. Variable renal biopsy findings have been described in previous reports, including mostly acute tubular necrosis, mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis, and interstitial nephritis. But the exact mechanism by which hepatitis A causes acute renal damage is still obscure. We describe two cases with acute hepatitis A, proven by IgM anti-hepatitis A antibodies compli- cated by acute renal failure. One patient required hemodialysis. Kidney biopsy findings showed interstitial nephritis with no evidence of glomerular involvement. Our review of these cases and the relevant literature suggests that there is strong evidence to implicate hepatitis A virus as a cause of acute renal failure. It remains to be elucidated why the histologic features are variable in the cases of hepatitis A virus induced acute renal failure and which factors predispose a patients to have immunologic involvement versus interstitial and tubular involvement.
Acute Kidney Injury ; Antibodies ; Biopsy ; Glomerulonephritis ; Hepatitis A virus ; Hepatitis A* ; Hepatitis* ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin M ; Kidney ; Necrosis ; Nephritis, Interstitial* ; Renal Dialysis

Maple syrup urine disease(MSUD) is an autosomal recessive disorder involving the metabolism of the branched-chain amino acids(BCAA) such as leucine, isoleucine and valine. The disorder is due to a defect in branched-chain alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase(BCKAD) and the classic form causes rapid progressive and overwhelming illness beginning in the first weeks of life, present with poor feeding, lethargy, change in muscle tone, acidosis, seizures and coma. The goal of therapy in acutely ill patients with MSUD is an immediate reduction in the plasma levels of the BCAAs and branched-chain ketoacids. In this report, we describe an infant with MSUD who was treated by dietary therapy alone. During the therapy, acrodermatitis enteropathica-like syndrome developed with low plasma isoleucine concentration while she was receiving a formula deficient in BCAAs.
Acer* ; Acidosis ; Acrodermatitis* ; Amino Acids, Branched-Chain ; Coma ; Diet Therapy* ; Diet* ; Humans ; Infant ; Isoleucine ; Lethargy ; Leucine ; Maple Syrup Urine Disease* ; Metabolism ; Plasma ; Seizures ; Valine

Cyclin D1, a cell cycle regulator essential for G1 phase progression, is a candidate proto-oncogene implicated in pathogenesis of several human carcinomas including breast carcinoma. We studied the cyclin D1 expression in 101 cases of primary breast carcinoma tissues. The overexpression of cyclin D1 was immunohistochemically demonstrated in 34 (37.8%) of 90 cases of invasive breast carcinoma. Positive cyclin D1 staining was seen in 32 of 79 invasive ductal carcinomas, and 2 of 3 mucinous carcinomas. All 5 medullary carcinomas, 2 invasive lobular carcinomas, and 1 metaplastic carcinoma were negative. Cyclin D1 overexpression was observed in 9 of 11 ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). Normal epithelial components, either ductal or lobular, were not immunoreactive for cyclin D1. No significant correlations were observed between cyclin D1 immunoreactivity and other parameters including tumor size, clinical stage, nuclear or histologic grades, lymphatic or angioinvasion, lymph node metastasis, and immunohistochemical status of progesterone receptor, p53 and c-erbB-2. The overexpression of cyclin D1 was positively correlated with estrogen receptor status (p=0.025). Based on our results, the cyclin D1 protein aberration may play a role in tumorigenesis of breast carcinoma, but does not seem to have prognostic value in invasive breast carcinoma without hormonal treatment.
Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous ; Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Carcinogenesis ; Carcinoma, Ductal ; Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating ; Carcinoma, Lobular ; Carcinoma, Medullary ; Cell Cycle ; Cyclin D1* ; Cyclins* ; Estrogens ; G1 Phase ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Proto-Oncogenes ; Receptors, Progesterone

PURPOSE: The appropriate age and amount that whole cow's milk and commercial baby food can be introduced safely into the infant diet are unknown and remains an area of controversy. Early feeding of excessive amount of whole cow's milk has been associated with iron deficiency anemia and nutritional deficiency. We studied the present status and problems on the feedig of whole cow's milk and commercial baby food in children. METHODS: This survey was done through questionnaire to the 541 out patients who visited Seoul, Chun An and Eum Sung Soon Chun Hyang University Hospitals during the period from Jun. 1994 to Fab. 1995. RESULTS: 1) Feeding patterns according to age of children: Infants were fed prepared milk(63.6%), human milk(16.2%), whole cow's milk(8.1%), commercial baby food(7.1%) and rice(5.0%) in the order of frequency. Children between 1 and 2 years of age were fed rice(37.1%), whole cow's milk (34.3%), prepared milk(17.1%), commercial baby food(7.4%) and human milk(4.0%) in the order of frequency. 2) Whole cow's milk feeding was started at 3 to 6 months of age in 11.5%, at 7 to 12 months of age in 59.6% and after 12months of age in 28.9%. 3) The daily feeding amounts of whole cow's milk was less than 500 ml in 48.2%, 500 to 999 ml in 36.2%, and more than 1000 ml in 15.6%. Suprisingly 49.7% of them were fed more than 500 ml a day. 4) About iron content in whole cow's milk, only 25.9% of mothers gave the correct answer. 5) 62.5% of mothers considered that whole cow's milk was the best food in infant period. 6) Only 19.1% of subjects used commercial baby food properly in method and amount. CONCLUSIONS: Whole cow's milk was introduced during early months of life and fed in excessive amount. There was a lack of maternal knowledge about iron content in whole cow's milk. The improper use of commercial baby food produced the numerous nutritional problems. Thus, we need education about whole cow's milk and commercial baby food to mothers.
Anemia, Iron-Deficiency ; Child* ; Diet ; Education ; Feeding Behavior ; Hospitals, University ; Humans ; Infant ; Iron ; Malnutrition ; Milk* ; Mothers ; Outpatients ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Seoul ; Weaning

PURPOSE: There is a fair amount of evidence indicating that increased risk of obesity and insulin resistance is associated with postmenopausal state, but can be modulated by diet and exercise. In this study, we explored whether a Pueraria lobata root-based supplement containing Rehmannia glutinosa (PR) and/or aerobic treadmill exercise can modify the metabolic changes associated with estrogen deficiency. METHODS: Seventy rats were randomly assigned to the following groups for 8 weeks (n=10 per group): SHAM, sham-operated; PR0, ovariectomized (OVX) control; PR200, OVX with PR200 mg/kg B.W; PR400, OVX with PR400 mg/kg B.W; EPR0, OVX with exercise; EPR200, OVX with exercise and PR200 mg/kg B.W; EPR400, OVX with exercise and PR400 mg/kg B.W. RESULTS: OVX induced significant increases in body weight, food intake, fat mass, LDL-cholesterol, and fasting blood glucose, confirming induction of menopausal symptoms. PR supplementation or exercise significantly suppressed the above mentioned changes through different regulatory elements in adipose tissue: PR supplement upregulated adiponectin gene expression and aerobic exercise upregulated adiponectin and insulin receptor gene expression and a combination of PR supplement and aerobic exercise showed an additive effect on adiponectin gene expression. CONCLUSION: Taken together, the results of this study suggest that PR supplement has a potential to provide health benefits in OVX rats through leptin and adiponectin secretion. In addition, the data suggest that combination of exercise and PR would have additive effects on metabolic dysfunction associated with estrogen deficiency.
Adiponectin ; Adipose Tissue ; Animals ; Blood Glucose ; Body Weight ; Diet ; Eating ; Estrogens ; Exercise* ; Fasting ; Gene Expression ; Insulin Resistance ; Insurance Benefits ; Leptin ; Obesity ; Pueraria* ; Rats* ; Receptor, Insulin ; Rehmannia*

Sine 1976, 2380 eases of ERCP were performed at the Kwangju Chrietian Hospital. Nighty eight patients with periampullary choledochaduodenal fistula diagnosed at ERCP were revewed, Following result were obtained 1) Cases were most commonly noted from fifth decade to seventh decade, and sex distribution was similar. 2) Right upper quadrant abdominal was most common clinical manifestation, and duration of illness prior to diagnosis were from 2 months to 20 years. Several weeks or days before ERCP, sudden disappearance of pain suggeeted spontaneous extrustion of a stone from the common bile duct to the duodenum with resultant PACD formation. 3) On past history, various types biliay operations had carried out in 26 patients. Subtotal gastrectomy with gastrojejunostomy in 1 patients, operation for CBD ascaris removal in 1 patient. 4) Most PACDF had finding formed recently on ERCP and fibrosis, inflamation, granulation, atrophic change, adhesive stenosis were noted additionally. 5) Most common cause of PACD by ERCP was biliary teact stone. 6) Endoscopic sphincteropapillotomy(EST) were performed in 39 patients with PACDF due to CBD stone and surgical intervention were done in 36 patients due to CBD stone also. It was interesting that EST were performed in 3 patients with old stenotic fistula.
Adhesives ; Ascaris ; Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde ; Common Bile Duct ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Diagnosis ; Duodenum ; Fibrosis ; Fistula* ; Gastrectomy ; Gastric Bypass ; Gwangju ; Humans ; Sex Distribution