No abstract available.
Molar, Third* ; Paresthesia* ; Prospective Studies*

No abstract available.
Molar, Third* ; Paresthesia* ; Prospective Studies*

This investigation is an experimental study of the bone healing and remodeling process after Vertical Ramus Osteotomy(abbreviated as VRO) with early mobilization in adult dogs. Nineteen dogs were divided into three groups. Normal Control Group(N=2) was free of surgery. Experimental Group I(n=5) received only VRO without any intentional movements of distal fragments, and Experimental Group II(n=12) got VRO and backward driving of distal fragments. Animals were killed serially and the operated sites were reviewed grossly and histopathologically after the plain radiographs and Magnetic Resonance Images(abbreviated as MRI) were taken. The obtained results are as follows : 1. The early bone healing after VRO occurred mainly by the fusion of endosteal and subperiosteal calluses, and osteoinduced calluses from the cortices of fragments in intramembranous bone formation process. And the cartilaginous bone formations, which were considered to be associated with early functional movements of the mandible, were evident at the junction of these calluses. 2. The overlapping cortices of each fragment were fused by the osteoinduced calluses after decreased mobility of fragments mainly achieved by the subperiosteal calluses at the ateral and posterior part of pterygomasseteric sling. 3. Osteocytes in the cortices of fragments were dead by ischeinia and the marrow tissues were predominantly replaced by fibrous tissues in early stages. Active revascularization in the cortex and formation of new bone in the marrow, seen as the cancellous bones, were observed almost simultaneously and they were maintained until the 8th week when bone unions were confirmed. 4. Morphology of the mandible was changed byremodeling of the bone with reattachments of adjacent muscles after the 8th week. Callus in the gap was changed more and more into the compact bone after the 8th week, which united the proximal and distal fragments securely. 5. Low or iso-signal intensity at the cortex of fragments in early stages of MRI was being increased from the 4th week till the 12th week after VRO. The marrow spaces had high signal intensities on the T2-weighted images in early stages, but they returned to normal T1 and T2 high signals after the 12th week. 6. Signal intensities of the interfragmentary gap were high at the early stages and were gradually decreased to low signals at the 24th week. Atrophy of the masseter muscles with the high signal spots suggesting the increased vascularity was seen from the 2nd week, but the recovery of muscular volume with disappearance of high signal spots were also observed after the 8th week. In summary, the overlapped fragments made by VRO were completely healed by true bony union in adult dogs, even though they had cortex to cortex overlapping and early mobilizations had been allowed. Development of caelluses through the intramembranous bone formation, and the cartilaginous bone formations at the union of them tore mainly involved in the early bone healing. Direct communication of the marrows of the both segments was not found in this investigation, and more advanced study will be needed to explain the details of the fate of bony union after VRO.
Adult* ; Animals ; Atrophy ; Bone Marrow ; Bony Callus ; Dogs* ; Early Ambulation* ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Mandible* ; Masseter Muscle ; Muscles ; Osteocytes ; Osteogenesis ; Osteotomy*

To evaluate the pathophysiology and surgical considerations for liver cirrhosis in the field of oral and maxillofacial surgery, 4 cases with maxillofacial traumas or infections in different stages of liver cirrhosis were reviewed. Although appropriate medical cares were ensured, 2 patients were died due to complications of the liver disease. Each cases were classified by the Pugh's classification system and analyzed with reference to laboratory findings and hospital courses. For improved understandings of pathophysiology of liver cirrhosis, the congulopathies, the lowered detoxification, the hepatic encephalopathy, the hepatorenal syndrome, the sepsis, other conditions-ascites, esophageal varix, portal hypertension, etc-and pre or postoperative complications were reviewed. And special emphases were made at the staging of liver cirrhosis in oral and maxillofacial surgery, preoperative preparations, and prevention of intraoperative or postoperative complications.
Classification ; Esophageal and Gastric Varices ; Hepatic Encephalopathy ; Hepatorenal Syndrome ; Humans ; Hypertension, Portal ; Liver Cirrhosis* ; Liver Diseases ; Liver* ; Postoperative Complications ; Sepsis ; Surgery, Oral*

The errors in orthognathic surgery can occur during the preoperative preparations including the model surgery, but till now there's been some lack of reserches about them. So we wanted to verify the accuracies in measurements used in model surgery. We compared the accuracy of measurements by vernier calipers, which has been the main measurement tool for conventional model surgery, and that by height gauge, which is recently claimed to be more accurate, with 3 dimensional coordinate analyzer. We could have following results and have a plan to use them for the invention of new model surgery techniques. 1. The measurement errors in Group 1, which mean the difference between "the measurements by 3-D analyzer" and "the measurements by height gauge", were small enough with the range of 0.1~0.2mm in all planes. 2. The mean error in Group 2, which is the differences between the measurements of 3-D analyzer and those of vernier calipers, was 1.1mm. 3. The measurement errors in Group 2 were variable according to the factors including the differences of individuality and expertness of each measurers. But in case of Group 1, they were small and not variable by the expertness. 4. The measurements were more accurate at the points in anterior teeth than in molar teeth in Group 1 and 2. 5. The errors after model surgery increased remarkably, compared with those before surgery in Group 2. And the situation was different in Group 1 in that errors decreased after surgery. Accoding to these results, it assumed that the measurements with height gauge during the model surgery for orthognathic surgery are accurate enough and can be maintained, regardless of complexity of models, individuality, or expertness of measurers.
Individuality ; Inventions ; Molar ; Orthognathic Surgery ; Tooth

Orthognathic Surgery ; Tooth

We have conducted a retrospective study of 224 patients with the diagnosis of oral and maxillofacial infection who had been treated between 1988 and 1999 at Gyeong-Sang National University Hospital. This study was aimed to furnish the data of oral and maxillofacial infection and to aid diagnosis and treatment. The most common fascial space involved, as determined by clinical, radiologic, and operative findings, were the submandibular space(39.4%). The most frequent cause of oral and maxillofacial infection was odontogenic 68.8%. In the odontogenic cause, dental caries was the most common cause. Two-hundred three patients required surgical drainage of the abscess. Seventeen patients needed tracheostomy for airway control. The overall mortality was 0.9% despite aggressive anti-microbial therapy and early surgical intervention. All other patients had an uneventful recovery without major complication except osteomyelitis case(6.0%). The combination of early radiologic diagnosis, effective antimicrobial therapy, and intensive surgical management contributed to the good prognosis.
Abscess ; Airway Management ; Dental Caries ; Diagnosis ; Drainage ; Humans ; Mortality ; Osteomyelitis ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Tracheostomy

The titanium miniplate osteosynthesis system has been used for fixation of bone fragments in the maxillofacial areas due to easy manipulation and even has been proposed for unnecessity of miniplate removal because of the biocompatibility and the corrosion resistance. But recently, there have been some suggestions for its removal, on the basis of findings that there have been pigmentations around the adjacent tissues during miniplate removal procedure and they are the depositions of metal particles. Purposes of this study are to ascertain the presence and nature of pigmentation observed within tissues adjacent to titanium miniplate, and to suggest possible causes of it. We could observe the black pigmentation during miniplate removal procedure for recent about 1.5 year. Pigmented tissues were stained with hematoxylin-eosin(H-E) for light microscophic(LM) examination to investigate the black pigmentations and the histomorphology around them. The scanning electron microscopy(SEM) with energy dispersive X-ray(EDX) analysis was used to examine the ultrastructural nature of pigmentations. Many metal particles with variable sizes and shapes were seen in the connective tissue by SEM and were identified as titanium by EDX.
Connective Tissue ; Corrosion ; Pigmentation* ; Titanium*

Accidents, Traffic ; Female ; Gyeongsangnam-do ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Mandible ; Mandibular Fractures ; Tooth Injuries ; Violence

PURPOSE: Maintaining function of dialysis access is very important to end stage renal disease patients, and it is critical for these patients' overall well-bing. This study was performed to evaluate the success rate of endovascular interventions, risk factors and patencies of interventions. METHODS: From January 2008 to June 2010, 315 interventions were performed on 189 patients with malfunctioning hemodialysis access. Angioplastic intervention (n=147), and percutaneous mechanical thrombectomies (n=168) were done to restore flow of vascular access. RESULTS: Most common cause of malfunctioning hemodialysis accesses was stenosis (71%) in autogenous fistula group (AFG) and thrombosis (73%) in prosthetic graft group (PGG). Common stenotic site was juxta-anastomotic area (48%) in AFG, and venous anastomotic area (42%) in PGG, primary patencies of interventions at 6, 12, and 18 months were 67%, 45%, and 37% and secondary patencies were 83%, 66%, and 49%, respectively. Finally, thrombotic events (P=0.005) and numbers of procedure (P=0.000) were independent predictive factors of shorter access patency after endovascular treatment. CONCLUSION: Endovascular treatment in malfunctioning hemodialysis access is highly successful procedure with acceptable primary and secondary patency results. Especially, in the cases of stenotic lesion without thrombosis, percutaneous transluminal angioplasty was successfully done in AFG and PGG.
Angioplasty ; Arteriovenous Fistula ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Dialysis ; Endovascular Procedures ; Fistula ; Humans ; Kidney Failure, Chronic ; Prostaglandins G ; Renal Dialysis ; Risk Factors ; Thrombectomy ; Thrombosis ; Transplants