To estimate the postmortem interval (PMI) by using entomological evidence, species identification of forensically important flies is mandatory. However, the traditional species identification method, which relies on the key morphological features of adult flies, is not always available to investigators and has limitations to the immature samples. Because of these limitations, species identification using DNA sequences has long been an issue in the field of forensic entomology. In this review, I have briefly described the basic principles of molecular species identification and phylogenetic analysis and their applications in forensic entomology. I also recommend an experimental and statistical method to identify unknown fly samples obtained from the field.
Adult ; Base Sequence ; Diptera* ; DNA Barcoding, Taxonomic ; Entomology ; Forensic Sciences ; Humans ; Korea* ; Research Personnel ; Species Specificity

We studied the natural history of asymptomatic early avascular necrosis of the femoral head in forty-three patients(forty-three hips) who had been treated with arthroplasty due to progressed avascular necrosis of femoral head but had no symptoms in the other side. All initial lesions were classified with Ficat staging and International classification(ARCO). The duration until symptom onset and radiologic evidence of disease progression were evaluated. The average follow up period was over 37 months. Among forty-three hips, twenty-nine cases(67.4%) remained asymptomatic until last follow up but fourteen cases(32.6%) were symptomatic during the follow up, and twenty-six cases(60.5%) did not progress on the radiography but seventeen cases(39.5%) progressed to Ficat stage 3 or 4. Fifteen cases of IA, IIA, IB-cental and II B-central without lateral lesion did not occur symptom and didnt progress to Ficat stage 3 or 4 over a period of average 47 months(24-71 months). But fourteen cases of IB, IC, g B and II C progressed to Ficat stage 3 or 4 and they were all lateral lesion. These results suggest careful observation only can be done in the case of small involvement(less than 15%) and medial or central lesion relatively over a long period of time but for the large involvement(more than 30%) and especially lateral lesion, aggressive surgical treatment may be considered even though the early stage of disease for the prevention of progression. However it will need more period of time to accurately compare the results of various methods of treatment.
Arthroplasty ; Disease Progression ; Follow-Up Studies ; Head* ; Hip ; Natural History* ; Necrosis* ; Radiography

No abstract available.
Humans

Recently, the number of cataract surgeries has rapidly increased. This study was devised to evaluate the post-operative daily life behavior and degree of satisfaction in the patients who underwent cataract surgery two or more years ago. Of 400 patients who underwent ECCE with IOL implantation, 125 patients[31%]replied to the mail questionnaire consisted of thirty questions. Hospital records were also reviewed. 84%of the patients were satisfied with outcomes of cataract surgery, which was significantly correlated with current visual acuity[p<0.01]. Degree of satisfaction was significantly higher in patients with bilateral surgery compared with those with unilateral surgery[p<0.05]. Age, sex, occupation, economic and general health status were not significantly associated with degree of satisfaction. As for life behavior, discomfort while driving an automobile was the most common complaint, especially in the patients who underwent unilateral surgery. Concerning ocular symptoms, many patients complained of foreign body sense, epiphora, glare, fatigue, and near vision discomfort. We reconfirmed that the decision to perform cataract surgery should be made with careful consideration of long term prognosis and above results.
Automobiles ; Cataract* ; Fatigue ; Foreign Bodies ; Glare ; Hospital Records ; Humans ; Lacrimal Apparatus Diseases ; Occupations ; Postal Service ; Prognosis ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Nonoperative dilatation techniques such as bougination, balloon dilatation, endoscopic laser therapy, and endoscopic electro-coagulation, have been applied to relieve dysphagia due to esophageal strictures, but the most widly used ia peroral dilatation once a guide wire has been passed under direct vision using a fiberoptic endoscope. Some cases of severe and curved esophageal strictures coutd'nt be introduced the conventional steel guide wire. We desecibe a method of cannulation of these difficult strictures guided by torque control angiographic catheter with radiogrphic control. A case of 18 year old man with severe corrosive esophageal stricture ingested HCl was successfully treated with esophageal dilatation with Savary-Gilliard dilator guided by Judkin's right coronary artery catheter.
Adolescent ; Catheterization ; Catheters* ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Coronary Vessels* ; Deglutition Disorders ; Dilatation* ; Endoscopes ; Esophageal Stenosis* ; Humans ; Laser Therapy ; Steel ; Torque

The coding and filing of pathologic diagnoses have been heavy tasks; however with the availability of inexpensive microcomputer, a system may be developed that permits storage and retrieval to be performed efficiently. With Apple II(R) computer system and SNOP coding, a simple program using dBASE-II and QUICKCODE computer program can be created to include the following informations: accession number, chart number, sex and age of patients and 2 diagnosis codes. Once SNOP coding is carried out by medical staff, a secretary or clerk can enter the informations into the microcomputer. Data may be searched on any combination of the above parameters.

Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Bacterial Infections ; Dental Caries ; Drainage ; Head ; Humans ; Incidence ; Ludwig's Angina ; Neck ; Penicillins ; Periodontal Diseases ; Suppuration ; Surgery, Oral ; Tracheostomy

No abstract available.
Humans ; Twins*

No abstract available.
Animals ; Mice*

OBJECTIVE: Our present studies were conducted to examine more effective isolating method of preantral follicles from mouse ovaries. METHODS: ICR mice (3-6 weeks old) were sacrificed through cervical dislocation and their ovaries were removed and put into watch glasses containing Hams F-10 supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS). Preantral follicles were isolated by three different methods; 1) enzymatical method and 2) mincing method, and 3) scraping method. Enzymatical method was carried out as following. Ovaries were bisected with a pair of fine 30G needles. Bisected ovaries were incubated at 37degrees C and 5% CO2 incubator in 2-well dish containing Hams F-10 supplemented with collagenase 600 IU/ml. After 20 min.,follicles were isolated by repeated pipetting. Isolated preantral follicles were collected, and the remnant of tissues was placed in incubator and previous procedure was repeated. Mincing method was carried out with a pair of fine 30G needles attached to 1 ml syringes and mined ovary. Scraping method was carried out wit a pair of fine 30G needles and scratched to surface of ovary. The differences between isolating methods were analyzed using Student's t-test and Chi-square. Results were considered statistically significant when P value was less than 0.05. RESULTS:In handling time, mincing or scraping method (28+/-3.42 min or 16+/-1.58 min) were significantly (p<0.00001) shorter than enzymatical method (72+/-1.69 min), and scraping method was significantly (p<0.01) shorter than mincing method. Total number of isolated follicles was significantly (p<0.0001) higher in enzymatical method (49.8+/-3.91) than in mincing or scraping method (25.3+/-2.33 or 20.5+/-1.75). Isolated follicles in < or =90 micrometer were significantly (p<0.005) higher in enzymatical method (15+/-1.71) than in mincing or scraping method (7.8+/-0.98 or 8.1+/-1.31). In 91~130 micrometer, isolated follicles were significantly (p<0.0005) higher in enzymatical method (33+/-3.27) than in mincing or scraping method (16.3+/-1.82 or 10.7+/-1.38). In > or =131 micrometer, isolated follicles were not significantly differences between all groups. In equal sizes, the rate of isolated follicles in < or =90 micrometer was highest in scraping method (39.6% vs. enzymatical method:30.1%, p<0.05; mincing method: 30.9%, p=0.11719, NS). Rate of follicles in 91~130 micrometer was significantly (p<0.05) lower in scraping method (52.7%) than in emzymatical or mincing method (66.3% or 64.5%). Rate of follicles in > or =131 micrometer was highest in scraping method (8.3% vs. enzymatical or scraping method: 3.6%, p<0.05)or 4.6%, p=0.19053, NS). CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that scraping method is simple and useful for isolation of preantral follicles, because this method reduced handling time and recovered enough follicles. The recovered rate of isolated follicles in diameter of 91~130 micrometer was highest in all methods.
Animals ; Collagenases ; Dislocations ; Eyeglasses ; Female ; Glass ; Incubators ; Mice* ; Mice, Inbred ICR ; Needles ; Ovary* ; Syringes