No abstract available.
Animals ; Interleukin-2* ; Lymphocytes* ; Rats* ; Shock*

No abstract available.
Patellar Dislocation*

Mammary carcinoma was induced in rats by itravenous injection of N-methy-N-Nitrosourea. Microangiography was perfromed to evaluate the microvascular alterations in mammary carcinoma after irradiation. The tumors were givena single dose of 1.400 rads using Co-60 telethrapy unit with field size of 4 x 4 cm at 40 cm SSD. The dose ratewas 147.5 rads per minute. Microangiography was performed prior to irradiation and at one, two, and four weeksfollowing irradiation. The results are as follows: 1. Before irradiation, mammary carcinoma in rats tended to formlobules and the basic vasculature consisted of peripheral vascular pattern with central penetrating vessels. Theperipheral vascular pattern was always richer than that of the center. Irregular and tortuous vessles stretchedfrom the periphery into the center of lobule. 2. One week following irradiation, an increase in the number ofsmaller, tortuous vessels and decreased intervasular distance were obseved in the central portion of each lobule.This finding seems to be due to an improved filling of some previously existing but unfilled vessels. This maylead to improved metabolic changes and reoxygenation. 3. Later's changes of microvasculature after irradiation aretortuosity, irregularity, narrowing, abrupt tapering, fragmentation, and extravasation. These findings progressedafter a lapse of time. 4. The results can be considered as the microangiographic demonstration of the fact that reoxygenation after irradiation is mainly due to dilatation of the collapsed tumor vessels.
Animals ; Dilatation ; Microvessels ; Radiation Effects ; Rats ; Silver Sulfadiazine

A one step reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) combined nested PCR was set up to increase efficiency in the diagnosis of canine distemper virus (CDV) infection after developement of nested PCR. Two PCR primer sets were designed based on the sequence of nucleocapsid gene of CDV Onderstepoort strain. One-step RT-PCR with the outer primer pair was revealed to detect 10(2) PFU/ml. The sensitivity was increased hundredfold using the one-step RT-PCR combined with the nested PCR. Specificity of the PCR was also confirmed using other related canine virus and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and body secretes of healthy dogs. Of the 51 blood samples from dogs clinically suspected of CD, 45 samples were revealed as positive by one-step RT-PCR combined with nested PCR. However, only 15 samples were identified as positive with a single one step RT-PCR. Therefore approximately 60% increase in the efficiency of the diagnosis was observed by the combined method. These results suggested that one step RT-PCR combined with nested PCR could be a sensitive, specific, and practical method for diagnosis of CDV infection.
Animals ; Distemper Virus, Canine/genetics/*isolation & purification ; Dogs ; Polymerase Chain Reaction/*methods/*veterinary ; RNA, Viral/genetics/isolation & purification ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Vaccines, Attenuated ; Viral Vaccines

No abstract available.
Prostate* ; Testis*

Today, CTDs (Cumulative Trauma Disorders) are one of major hazards in the US and European Industries disrupting work schedules, productivity and increasing workers compensation costs. The increase in injuries and their associated costs has led companies to form committees and implement programs to address this problem. Therefore, it is important that quantitative analysis tools help identify and assess industrial tasks that pose risk to workers. However, the process of quantifying risk in upper limb tasks is still in its infancy stage and calls for better measurement techniques are not going unheard. As the first work of quantification, baseline CTD checklist for risk assessment was developed in this study. It was mainly based on previous literature regarding CTDs. The checklist was unique in that its expected user was industrial hygienist who did not have much ergonomic background and in that it was targeted to Korean workers in various types of industries. As the first application of the checklist, some jobs in two industries (VDT, heavy Industry) were evaluated, and compared with the medical data. Eighteen out of thirty items in the checklist was univariately significant (p<0.05) on the results of medical examinations. The correlation between medical data and total risk score from the checklist was 0.62. The feasibility of its use by an industrial hygienist was also checked by comparing with the results by an ergonomist. Their correlation (on the basis of Kendall's tau-b) in terms of total risk score was 0.74. The checklist in this study shows reasonably good performance for the first trial. Further research will have to include continuous refinement and validation for many more industries and many more jobs.
Appointments and Schedules ; Checklist* ; Efficiency ; Risk Assessment* ; Upper Extremity ; Workers' Compensation

To elucidate a possible prognostic factor, we studied 91 cases of breast carcinoma for the expression of n-tn23 protein using an immunohistochemical method, and compared these results with the known prognostic parameters of the breast carcinoma. The mn23 protein was intensely stained in the cytoplasm and/or the nucleus of carcinoma cells in 82 cases(90.1%). There were two patterns of cytoplasmic staining; heterogeneous pattern and homogeneous pattern. Among the positive cases, 43 cases(47.2%) were heterogeneous while 39 cases(42.8%) were homogeneous. Axillary lymph node metastases(p<0.005) was found more frequently in the heterogeneous pattern group(79.0%) than in the homogeneous pattern group(41.0%). There was no significant correlation between nm23 protein expression and other parameters such as patient age, tumor size, estrogen receptor, histopathologic grade, and p53 overexpression. Although axillary lymph node metastasis was correlated with the disease free status(p<0.0005) and patient survival (p<0.05), they showed no correlation with nin23 expression. Multivariate analysis showed that axillary lymph node metastasis was the only prognostic indicator(p<0.05), and the expression of nm23 protein was of borderline significance. The results suggest that the homogeneous and/or granular cytoplasmic expression of mn23 protein plays a role in the suppression of nodal metastasis in breast carcinoma and might contribute in predicting patient survival.
Neoplasm Metastasis

A total of 53 patients infected with Taenia solium were treated with praziquantel in two different dose levels. Twenty-six cases were treated with praziquantel in a single oral dose of 5 mg/kg body weight. All cases except one were completely cured. The cure rate was 96.2 per cent. The other 27 cases were treated with a single dose of 10 mg/kg body weight. All cases were completely cured and revealed a cure rate of 100 per cent. Side effects were mild and transient. About half of the cases complained of a mild abdominal pain. Soft stool or diarrhea and dizziness were observed in some cases. Tests on clinical hematology, serum biochemistry and urinalysis were performed immediately before and one day after treatment in all cases. There were no significant abnormalities detected in these tests.
parasitology-helminth-cestoda ; Taenia solium ; chemotherapy-praziquantel ; abdominal pain ; hematology ; serum ; biochemistry ; urinalysis

The idiopathic calcinosis of the scrotum (Shapiro, 1970) is usually multiple, asymtomatic nodules of the scrotal skin which begins m childhood or early adult life, increase in the size and numbers, and sometimes breakdown to discharge chalky contents. Clinically they are most often misdiagnosed as cysts. The forty eight years old male patient visited our hospital on Oct. 14, 1980, because of multiple asymtomatic scrotal masses which are pin head to walnut sized. There is no family history of calcification, scrotal or otherwise. Histology shows naked amorphous masses in the dermis without any evidence of residual cysts, and is acicular clefts in the masses. Most of the tumors were surgically removed in 5 sessions.
Adult ; Calcinosis* ; Dermis ; Head ; Humans ; Juglans ; Male ; Scrotum* ; Skin

BACKGROUND: One of the main disadvantages of caudal block is the long latent period before a satisfactory blockade is obtained. Many investigators have used various preparations of local anesthetic solutions to improve the speed of onset. This study was performed to evaluate the effectiveness of prewarming of lidocaine HCl for caudal block. METHODS: Fifty healthy young patients (ASA I) were allocated into two groups, A and B. In group A, the local anesthetic solution were injected at room temperature (25 degrees C), while in group B, they were injected at 37oC. All the caudal block were performed using 2% lidocaine HCl 20 ml with fentanyl 100ug and epinephrine 1:200,000. The onset time was defined as the period from completion of injection until the patient first noticed loss of sensation to pin-prick on perianal region. Assessment of sensory loss was made at 15 seconds interval. We have compared the onset of sensory blockade between groups. The duration of analgesia and any significant side effects were also recorded. RESULTS: The onset of sensory blockade was significantly faster in group B (3.5 +/- 0.5 minutes) than group A (6.2 +/- 0.9 minutes). The duration of analgesia were not significantly changed between groups. Side effects of urinary retention, pruritus and nausea were noted between both groups but the difference was not significant. CONCLUSIONS: We have found that the onset time was 44% faster with warm lidocaine-fentanyl mixture (37 degrees C) than with the room temperature (25 degrees C). The improved clinical usefulness was achieved with no increase in side effects. The technique is a safe and effective method to reduce the latency of onset.
Analgesia ; Epinephrine ; Fentanyl ; Humans ; Lidocaine ; Nausea ; Pruritus ; Research Personnel ; Sensation ; Urinary Retention