Dementia is defined as a syndrome which is characterized by various impairments in cognitive functions, especially memory function, Most of the diagnostic criteria for dementia include memory impairment as no essential feature. Memory decline can be present as a consequence of the aging process, But it does not cause significant distress or impairment in social and occupational functionings while dementiadoes. Depression may also be associated with memory impairment. funcitionings while dementiadoes. Depression may also be associated with memory impairment. However, unlike dementia, depression dose not cause decrease in delayed verbal learning and recognition memory. In dementia, different features of memory impairment may be present depending on the involved area. Memory impairment in cortical dementia is affected by the disturbance of encoding of information and memory consolidation, while memory imparnene in subcrotical denentiy is affected y the disturbance of retrieval in subcortial dementia.
Aging ; Dementia ; Depression ; Humans ; Memory* ; Verbal Learning

Tracheobronchopathia osteochondroplastica is a rare and usually benign disorder characterized by cartilaginous and/or osseous submucosal nodules projecting into the laryngotracheobronchial lumen. It has been an incidental finding at autopsy but nowadays it is discovered during fiberoptic bronchoscopy or chest computed tomography. We describe a case of 61-year-old man who was diagnosed to have tracheobronchopathia osteochondroplastica due to unpredicted difficult intubation.
Autopsy ; Bronchoscopy ; Humans ; Incidental Findings ; Intubation ; Middle Aged ; Thorax

PURPOSE: To report the first case of central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) in association with thyroid ophthalmopathy. METHODS: A 40-year-old woman was came to the ophthalmologic clinic due to conjunctival injection, lid swelling and decreased visual acuity in the left eye. She was ill with hyperthyroidism and was recovered completely. At the first visit, best corrected visual acuity of her left eye was 0.3. The left eye showed proptosis, episcleral vessel dilation, and moderate limitation of ocular movement. Orbit MRI revealed the enlargement of extraocular muscles. Fundus examination showed diffuse retinal hemorrhages with macular edema and retinal veins were dilated and tortuous. Fluorescein angiogram showed the diffuse leakage from the retinal vessels on the posterior pole, but nonperfusion area was not seen. RESULTS: One month after the first visit, best corrected visual acuity of her left eye was improved to 0.6. Proptosis and limitation of ocular movement was improved, and retinal hemorrhages with macular edema were decreased remarkably. CONCLUSIONS: Possible retinal vascular complications such as CRVO may occur in patients with thyroid ophthalmopathy. Therefore, in these cases, fundus examination along with other ophthalmologic examinations are necessary.
Adult ; Exophthalmos ; Female ; Fluorescein ; Humans ; Hyperthyroidism ; Macular Edema ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Muscles ; Orbit ; Retinal Hemorrhage ; Retinal Vein* ; Retinal Vessels ; Retinaldehyde ; Thyroid Gland* ; Visual Acuity

No abstract available.

Leukemia cutis are clinically divided into the specific and nonspecific types. The former demon strates a malignant cell infiltrate on histopathologic examination. We report a case of leukemia cutis in a 29-year old female which developed specific cutanous manifestations previous to peripheral blood abnormalities, She had suffered from several discrete, bean to walnut sized, tender, erythematous patches and nodules on the trunk for 3 months and these gradually spread to the right cheek and upper arm. Atypical lymphocytes and incesassed lymphoblasts were notifced on a peripheral blood smear and bone marrow aspiration. A bone marrow biopsy revealed compact marrow finding, and increased celluarity. The histopathlogic findings showed diffuse dermal and subcutaneous infiltration of atypical lymphocytes. An immunohistochemical study with kappa, lamda, and leukocyte common antigen(LCA) revealed lymphoid malignancy, T-cell type. We treated her with various combined chemotherapy for 2 year, but her skin lesions were not inproved.
Adult ; Arm ; Biopsy ; Bone Marrow ; Cheek ; Drug Therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Juglans ; Leukemia* ; Leukocytes ; Lymphocytes ; Skin ; T-Lymphocytes

Background: Hereditary angioedema (HAE) is a rare disease caused by the deficiency of C1 esterase inhibitor. HAE has a risk of life-threatening complications such as capillary leak syndrome (CLS) and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC).Case: A 42-year-old man with HAE presented for deceased-donor kidney transplantation. Prophylactic fresh frozen plasma (FFP) was given before surgery because of the risk of edema development. With careful management during anesthesia, there were no problems during surgery. However, generalized edema, hypotension, hypoalbuminemia, massive drainage of serosanguineous fluids from the intraabdominal space, and DIC occurred on the day after surgery. CLS was suspected and sustained hypotension with generalized edema became worse despite treatment with albumin, danazol, FFP, and vasoactive drugs. The patient’s condition worsened despite intensive care and he died due to shock. Conclusions The anesthesiologist should prepare for the critical complications of HAE and prepare the appropriate treatment options.

At the present day, the metallic rigid fixation is used universally in facial bone fracture surgery. However, these metallic plating system have problems associated with growth restriction in pediatric patients, intracranial migration, increase risk of infection, palpability, and exposure. To overcome these problems, absorbable devices have been developed and used in the reconstruction of pediatric craniofacial deformities before early stages and in the facial bone fracture of adult recently. However, the usefulness of fixation for the force vector affecting region was not verified. From October 2000 to August 2001, absorbable fixation system(BiosorbFX(R) Bionix Implants inc.) was used in 10 open reduction of facial bone fracture with malocclusion; 5 patients with Le Fort I or Le Fort II fracture, 1 patient with maxillary-sagittal fracture, 4 patients with mandible fracture. All the patients, the malocclusion was corrected with no complications, and stabilized fixation was achieved after average 8 months follow up period. These results show usefulness of absorbable devices for fixation of force vector affecting region.
Adult ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Facial Bones* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Malocclusion* ; Mandible

No abstract available.
Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin*

BACKGROUND: As the size of the elderly population has increased compared to the hole, there has been growing concern over potential health problems and geriatric hospitals for elderly people. However, despite the emerging needs for geriatric hospitals, there is no data on the clinical characteristics of patients being admitted to geriatric hospitals. To analyze the characteristics of elderly patients admitted to a geriatric hospital, we studied the medical records of patients admitted to Yong-in Hyoja Geriatric Hospital during a recent 20 months period. By clarifying the clinical characteristics of elderly patients admitted to a geriatric hospital, the basic data for understanding and treating elderly patients could be made. METHODS: We analyzed the medical records of 345 patients who were admitted to Yong-in Hyoja Geriatric Hospital from November 1997 to July 1999. The diagnosis of patients was largely subgrouped according to the existence of dementia, and subsequent detailed diagnoses were made. RESULTS: (1) The average age of patients was 74.59 years and there were slightly more females than males admitted (ratio, 1.15:1). (2) Most of the patients suffered from dementia (62.1%), of which vascular dementia was the most common(31.6%), followed by Alzheimer dementia(19.15%). (3) Compared to vascular dementia, patients with Alzheimer dementia had more severe cognitive dysfunction, psychosis, and agitation, while patients with vascular dementia had more problems in activities of daily living (ADL) and were more depressed than Alzheimer dementia (4) The average hospitalization duration was 3.54 months and incidence of significant illness after admission was 29.8%. The mortality rate was 10.9%. (5) The most common cause of death was infection (45.2%), followed by cardiovascular problems(16.2%). CONCLUSIONS: In addition to significant illnesses and mortality after admission, most patients admitted to geriatric hospitals have severe cognitive and behavioral problems. Therefore, adequate medical and neurological assessment and treatment for the aged is necessary.
Activities of Daily Living ; Aged ; Cause of Death ; Dementia ; Dementia, Vascular ; Diagnosis ; Dihydroergotamine ; Female ; Geriatrics ; Gyeonggi-do* ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Medical Records ; Mortality ; Psychotic Disorders

PURPOSE: The recent advances in microsurgical techniques and their refinement over the past decade have greatly expanded the indications for digital replantations and have enabled us to salvage severed fingers more often. Many studies have reported greater than 80% viability rates in replantation surgery with functional results. However, replantation of multi-level amputations still remain a challenging problem and the decision of whether or not to replant an amputated part is difficult even for an experienced reconstructive surgeon because the ultimate functional result is unpredictable. METHODS: Between January of 2002 and May of 2008, we treated 10 multi-level amputated digits of 7 patients. After brachial plexus block, meticulous replantation procedure was performed under microscopic magnification. Postoperatively, hand elevation, heat lamp, drug therapy and hyperbaric oxygen therapy were applied with careful observation of digital circulation. Early rehabilitation protocol was performed for functional improvement. RESULTS: Among the 19 amputated segments of 10 digits, 16 segments survived completely without any complications. Overall survival rate was 84%. Complete necrosis of one finger tip segment and partial necrosis of two distal amputated segments developed and subsequent surgical interventions such as groin flap, local advancement flap and skin graft were performed. The overall result was functionally and aesthetically satisfactory. CONCLUSION: We experienced successful replantations of multi-level amputated digits. When we encounter a multi-level amputation, the key question is whether or not it is a contraindication to replantation. Despite the demand for skillful microsurgical technique and longer operative time, the authors' results prove it is worth attempting replantations in multi-level amputation because of the superiority in aesthetic and functional results.
Amputation ; Brachial Plexus ; Fingers ; Groin ; Hand ; Hot Temperature ; Humans ; Hyperbaric Oxygenation ; Necrosis ; Operative Time ; Replantation ; Skin ; Survival Rate ; Transplants