Dementia is defined as a syndrome which is characterized by various impairments in cognitive functions, especially memory function, Most of the diagnostic criteria for dementia include memory impairment as no essential feature. Memory decline can be present as a consequence of the aging process, But it does not cause significant distress or impairment in social and occupational functionings while dementiadoes. Depression may also be associated with memory impairment. funcitionings while dementiadoes. Depression may also be associated with memory impairment. However, unlike dementia, depression dose not cause decrease in delayed verbal learning and recognition memory. In dementia, different features of memory impairment may be present depending on the involved area. Memory impairment in cortical dementia is affected by the disturbance of encoding of information and memory consolidation, while memory imparnene in subcrotical denentiy is affected y the disturbance of retrieval in subcortial dementia.
Aging ; Dementia ; Depression ; Humans ; Memory* ; Verbal Learning

Tracheobronchopathia osteochondroplastica is a rare and usually benign disorder characterized by cartilaginous and/or osseous submucosal nodules projecting into the laryngotracheobronchial lumen. It has been an incidental finding at autopsy but nowadays it is discovered during fiberoptic bronchoscopy or chest computed tomography. We describe a case of 61-year-old man who was diagnosed to have tracheobronchopathia osteochondroplastica due to unpredicted difficult intubation.
Autopsy ; Bronchoscopy ; Humans ; Incidental Findings ; Intubation ; Middle Aged ; Thorax

No abstract available.

PURPOSE: To report the first case of central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) in association with thyroid ophthalmopathy. METHODS: A 40-year-old woman was came to the ophthalmologic clinic due to conjunctival injection, lid swelling and decreased visual acuity in the left eye. She was ill with hyperthyroidism and was recovered completely. At the first visit, best corrected visual acuity of her left eye was 0.3. The left eye showed proptosis, episcleral vessel dilation, and moderate limitation of ocular movement. Orbit MRI revealed the enlargement of extraocular muscles. Fundus examination showed diffuse retinal hemorrhages with macular edema and retinal veins were dilated and tortuous. Fluorescein angiogram showed the diffuse leakage from the retinal vessels on the posterior pole, but nonperfusion area was not seen. RESULTS: One month after the first visit, best corrected visual acuity of her left eye was improved to 0.6. Proptosis and limitation of ocular movement was improved, and retinal hemorrhages with macular edema were decreased remarkably. CONCLUSIONS: Possible retinal vascular complications such as CRVO may occur in patients with thyroid ophthalmopathy. Therefore, in these cases, fundus examination along with other ophthalmologic examinations are necessary.
Adult ; Exophthalmos ; Female ; Fluorescein ; Humans ; Hyperthyroidism ; Macular Edema ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Muscles ; Orbit ; Retinal Hemorrhage ; Retinal Vein* ; Retinal Vessels ; Retinaldehyde ; Thyroid Gland* ; Visual Acuity

Leukemia cutis are clinically divided into the specific and nonspecific types. The former demon strates a malignant cell infiltrate on histopathologic examination. We report a case of leukemia cutis in a 29-year old female which developed specific cutanous manifestations previous to peripheral blood abnormalities, She had suffered from several discrete, bean to walnut sized, tender, erythematous patches and nodules on the trunk for 3 months and these gradually spread to the right cheek and upper arm. Atypical lymphocytes and incesassed lymphoblasts were notifced on a peripheral blood smear and bone marrow aspiration. A bone marrow biopsy revealed compact marrow finding, and increased celluarity. The histopathlogic findings showed diffuse dermal and subcutaneous infiltration of atypical lymphocytes. An immunohistochemical study with kappa, lamda, and leukocyte common antigen(LCA) revealed lymphoid malignancy, T-cell type. We treated her with various combined chemotherapy for 2 year, but her skin lesions were not inproved.
Adult ; Arm ; Biopsy ; Bone Marrow ; Cheek ; Drug Therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Juglans ; Leukemia* ; Leukocytes ; Lymphocytes ; Skin ; T-Lymphocytes

Background: Hereditary angioedema (HAE) is a rare disease caused by the deficiency of C1 esterase inhibitor. HAE has a risk of life-threatening complications such as capillary leak syndrome (CLS) and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC).Case: A 42-year-old man with HAE presented for deceased-donor kidney transplantation. Prophylactic fresh frozen plasma (FFP) was given before surgery because of the risk of edema development. With careful management during anesthesia, there were no problems during surgery. However, generalized edema, hypotension, hypoalbuminemia, massive drainage of serosanguineous fluids from the intraabdominal space, and DIC occurred on the day after surgery. CLS was suspected and sustained hypotension with generalized edema became worse despite treatment with albumin, danazol, FFP, and vasoactive drugs. The patient’s condition worsened despite intensive care and he died due to shock. Conclusions The anesthesiologist should prepare for the critical complications of HAE and prepare the appropriate treatment options.

At the present day, the metallic rigid fixation is used universally in facial bone fracture surgery. However, these metallic plating system have problems associated with growth restriction in pediatric patients, intracranial migration, increase risk of infection, palpability, and exposure. To overcome these problems, absorbable devices have been developed and used in the reconstruction of pediatric craniofacial deformities before early stages and in the facial bone fracture of adult recently. However, the usefulness of fixation for the force vector affecting region was not verified. From October 2000 to August 2001, absorbable fixation system(BiosorbFX(R) Bionix Implants inc.) was used in 10 open reduction of facial bone fracture with malocclusion; 5 patients with Le Fort I or Le Fort II fracture, 1 patient with maxillary-sagittal fracture, 4 patients with mandible fracture. All the patients, the malocclusion was corrected with no complications, and stabilized fixation was achieved after average 8 months follow up period. These results show usefulness of absorbable devices for fixation of force vector affecting region.
Adult ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Facial Bones* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Malocclusion* ; Mandible

No abstract available.
Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin*

OBJECTIVES: Pregabalin is used to treat neuropathic pain and has shown analgesic properties in postoperative pain. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness and safety of pregabalin in reducing postoperative pain in patients after septoplasty. METHODS: Forty-seven patients scheduled for elective septoplasty were randomly assigned to groups that received either pregabalin (150 mg) or placebo, both one hour before surgery and 12 hours after the initial dose. Pain (verbal numerical rating scale, VNRS) and side effect assessments were performed at 6, 12, 12 to 24, and 24 to 48 hours postoperatively. RESULTS: From 1 to 12 hours postoperatively, VNRS scores for pain were lower in the pregabalin group (n=24) than in the placebo group (n=23; P<0.05). The number of patients who needed rescue analgesics was lower in the pregabalin group (P=0.042). The incidence of nausea and vomiting did not differ between groups (P=0.666), and the incidence of sedation was higher in the placebo groups (P=0.022). CONCLUSION: The perioperative administration of oral pregabalin (150 mg twice) is an effective and safe way to reduce early postoperative pain in patients undergoing septoplasty.
Analgesia* ; Analgesics ; Humans ; Incidence ; Nausea ; Neuralgia ; Pain, Postoperative ; Vomiting ; Pregabalin

Various invasive and non-invasive imaging techniques have been used for the diagnosis of cardiac disease. The recently introduced multidetector row CT (MDCT) shows rapid scan speed, high temporal resolution and large volume coverage in a single breath-hold. MDCT opens a new horizon for cardiac imaging because noninvasive coronary artery imaging has become feasible using MDCT. In this article, we illustrate the technical aspects of coronary CT angiography using MDCT.
Angiography ; Coronary Angiography* ; Coronary Vessels ; Diagnosis ; Heart Diseases ; Multidetector Computed Tomography*