No abstract available.
Tendons*

No abstract available.

This experiment was aimed to investigate the contractile responses of the fermoral artery to the electrical stimulation and the inhibitory effects of verapamil and papaverine on the electrical stimulation of the fermoral artery in the control (n=46) and the diabetic rabbits(n=40). Diabetic rabbits were made by and administration of alloxan (100 mg/kg) intravenously and sacrified 8 weeks later. Femoral arterial rings 3 mm in length were taken and mounted on the force-displacement transducer for the measurements of isometric tension. All experiments were done in the aerated (95% O2 with 5% CO2)biological chamber filled with Kreb's solution and the initial tension of 1.5g was applied to the rings. After 1 hour of equilibrium of the rings, the contractile responses of the electrical stimulation on the femoral arterial rings were taken without vasoactive drugs and then, under verapamil and papaverine solution. And we compared the morphologic findings of the vessels in the two groups in relation to the functional changes by transmission electron miroscopy. The results are as follows: 1. The contractile responses in the presence of verapamil or papaverine solutions to the electrical stimulation were lowed significantly in the fermoral arterial rings of the diabetic rabbits compared with that of the control rabbits (verapamil; 10M~10M: p<0.01, papaverine; 10M & 10M: p<0.01). 2. Transmission electron microphotographs showed many morphological differences of the femoral arteries between the control and the diabetic rabbits. These were irregularities of the internal elastic lamina and the hypertrophy of the cytoplasms of the smooth muscle cells. And also, there were many vacuoles in the cytoplasm of the endothelial cells, lateral to the internal elastic laminaes, and between the smooth muscle cells in the diabetic rabbit femoral artery. By this study, we found that the contractile responses of the femoral arterial rings to the electrical stimulation were decreased in the diabetic rabbits, and the vasodiatory effects of verapamil and papaverine on the electrically stimulated femoral arterial rings were also lowered in the diabetic rabbits compared with the control rabbits. These changes of the vasular responses of the diabetic vessel may be associated with morphological changes manifested by transmission electron microscopy or any other functional derangement of the vessels.
Alloxan ; Arteries ; Cytoplasm ; Electric Stimulation* ; Endothelial Cells ; Femoral Artery ; Hypertrophy ; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission ; Myocytes, Smooth Muscle ; Papaverine ; Rabbits ; Transducers ; Vacuoles ; Vasodilator Agents* ; Verapamil

No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Brain Neoplasms* ; Brain* ; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon*

No abstract available.
Conjunctiva* ; Melanoma*

No abstract available.
Salivary Glands*

Objective: Menstruation is a great part as the procedure for physiological, psychological development and physical growth, and menstrual disorders are very common problems in adolescence period. these problems can be resolved by interview or appropriate education of normal pubertal development. However unlike other developed countries, systematic report or appropriate education for menstruation may not be performed in our country. Therefore. our pediatric department investigated for menstruation of normal pubertal age women as an information educating adolescence. Methods: In cross-sectional study (ex, questionnaire), 4112 junior high and high school girl students (12~18 years old) in Ansan, Kyungki-do were investigated for menarcheal age, menstrual cycle, duration, amount, premenstrual syndrome, dysmenorrhea and relation to family history. Resulta: 1) Mean Menarcheal age was 12.9+/-1.2 years. According to menarcheal age by present age, menarcheal age was younger when present age was young as menarcheal age 11.8+/-0.6 years at 12 years, 13.3+/-1.1 years at 16 years, and 13.7+/-1.1 years at 18 years, respectively (p<0.001). 2) The month during which menarche occurs most frequently was August (14.7%), followed by July, December and January. 3) Considering menstrual cycle, mixed type (regular and irregular cycle) was most common (39.0%), and menstrual cycle became regular after mean 8.8+/-8.4 months. 4) In women having regular menstrual cycle, most women (53.l0%) had menstrual cycles between 26 and 30 days, next was 21~25 days and 31~35 days according to frequency. 5) Menstrual duration was 5~6 days by 49.6% of the women. 6) Premenstrual syndrome was noted in 56.0% of the women, in that 42.5% experienced occasionally and 13.5% always, respectively. 7) Dysmenorrhea was showed in 85.0% of the women. A total of 63.7% of the respondents suffered from dysmenorrhea was unaffected on daily activity as grade l and was needed no medication to relieve pain. Grade 2 (20.5%) was defined that limited daily activity and was needed medication to relieve pain. Grade 3 (0.9%) was defined that inhibited daily activity seriously, and was unimproved by analgesics. 8) The prevalence of dysmenorrhea was 78.0% at 12 years, 85.9% at 15 years and 94.0% at 18 years, respectively. Getting older, frequency of dysmenorrhea was increasing. 9) Dysmenorrhea was experienced for the first time during the first year after the menarche by 65.3% of the women. The amount of menstrual bleeding was significantly correlated to the severity of dysmenorrhea (P<0.001), and dysmenorrhea reported by the women was singificantly correlated to maternal dysmenorrhea (p<0.01) and to sisters with dysmenorrhea (p<0.001). Conclusions: We found that Korean adolescent girls had earlier menarcheal age than past period, and they had many problems for menstruation. This study suggested that it may be needed adolescent education and appropriate treatment of menstrual disorders.
Adolescent ; Analgesics ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Developed Countries ; Dysmenorrhea ; Education ; Female ; Female* ; Gyeonggi-do* ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Menarche ; Menstrual Cycle ; Menstruation* ; Premenstrual Syndrome ; Prevalence ; Siblings

Reconstruction of a injured digit needs good aesthetic result as well as functional recovery. Since Honda deported the first clinical application in 1984, the venous flap has been used increasingly for skin and soft tissue defects of the fingers and hands. From november 1992 to december 1995, 12 single-pedicled venous island flaps from hand dorsum were used for coverage of soft tissue defects of fingers over exposed bone, tendon, or joint. The pedicle of the flap included one superfitial dorsal vein of hand and its perivenous areolar tissue. Eight of twelve flaps survived completely and four necrosed partially possibly due to excessively long pedicle and poor perivenous areolar tissue. All donor sites were closed directly. Most patients were satisfied with postoperative result cosmetically and functionally. This method has several advantages : easy versatility and operability with superficial location of numerous dorsal vein, making good contour owing to proper thickness of flap, minimal donor site morbidity, and short operation time. We consider that the pedicled venous island flap is another reliable and useful method for reconstruction or finger defects as long as the pedicle length is not long and the perivenous areolar tissue is enough.
Fingers* ; Hand ; Humans ; Joints ; Skin ; Surgical Flaps ; Tendons ; Tissue Donors ; Veins

Doxorubicin(Adriamycin(R)) is effective in the treatment of various solid tumors and hematologic malignancies. Because of dose-related cardiotoxicity, however, early inappropriate discontinuation of doxorubicin therapy may minimize its therapeutic efficacy in many patients. Consequently, clinically sensitive tests are needed to select patients in whom treatment must be stopped early. Various techniques have been used for early detection of subclinical doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity, including electrocardiography, systolic time intervals, echocardiography, radionuclide angiography and endomyocardial biopsies. Most studies of doxorubicin cardiotoxicity have dealt with systolic function of the left ventricle and effects on diastolic function have not been reported. In order to determine whether impaired diastolic function may be an early sign of doxorubicin cardiotoxicity, a retrospective study was performed in 12 patients who had undergone serial radioangiography and were found to have left ventricular ejection fractions(LVEF)> or =55% prior to doxorubicin treatment and during follow-up. Average rapid filling velocity(RFV) and slow filling velocity(SFV) were both significantly reduced after doxorubicin treatment. RFV fell from 5.17+/-1.52 units/second to 4.18+/-0.96(P<0.01) and SFV fell from 2.20+/-1.32 units/second to 1.42+/-0.62(P<0.05). There were no significant changes in filling volume ratio, total diastolic time and diastolic time ratio. Since a change in left ventricular diastolic function can occur before ejection fraction falls to subnormal levels, diastolic function as well as systolic function should be examined in the early detection of doxorubicin cardiotoxicity.
Biopsy ; Doxorubicin* ; Echocardiography ; Electrocardiography ; Follow-Up Studies ; Heart Ventricles ; Hematologic Neoplasms ; Humans ; Radionuclide Angiography ; Retrospective Studies ; Systole