No abstract available.
Nail-Patella Syndrome*

The saccadic reaction times to the double-step stimuli were studied in three human subjects to ascertain the saccadic visual tracking characteristics. Responses to simple step and double-step target motions were measured where the target mode and stimulus durations were randomized. To measure the eye movement the Photo-electric Eye Monitor was constructed based on limbus tracking. The results indicate that observers represented two kind of responses (A-or B-type) depending upon the stimulus duration. The percentage of occurrances increased as the stimulus duration increased from 50 to 200 msec. When the subject responded to both target motions, the reaction time of the second saccade was shorter than that of the first. The successive visual information is to change continuously the reaction time or cancel the initial saccade. Our results revealed that parallel data processing characteristics of the visual tracking systems and the saccadic decision-makings are influenced by the temporal relationships.
Adult ; Eye Movements* ; Human ; Male ; Motion Perception* ; Reaction Time* ; Saccades* ; Visual Perception*

A new method is described which uses photo-electric matrix method to measure two-dimensional eye movements. This system is composed of the detector unit (monitor), matrix and correction circuits and stimulus generator. A light and small detector unit attached to the modified trial frame transduces positional informations and can be achieved head-mounting. The instrument operates in the infrared, so that it does not interfere with normal vision, and over a two-dimensional visual field to +/-15 degrees. A system for generating a fixed target whose velocity, displacement, form, intensity, and other characteristics can be varied systematically also is described. The operating procedures are described and operating records are shown. Electrical and optical modifications of the present system will make possibIe the measurement of more smaller movement of the eye. Extensions and improvement of the technique of measurement are discussed briefly.
Eye Movements* ; Visual Fields

This study aims to investigate visual tracking task of Koreans to the various visual stimuli by measuring the horizontal saccadic reaction times. The measuring system consists of eye monitor using infra-red reflection technique, oscillographic recorder and forehead-chin fixation devices. The visual stimuli generated by target function generator displayed simple-step, pulsestep and double-step stimulus patterns. The results revealed that the sacoadic reaction time showed no significant changes between the size of target displacement within horizontal 20 degrees. Furthermore, no significant changes between the particular direction of stimulus could be found. The nominal value of reaction time was 259 +/- 25 msec.
Reaction Time

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate how interprofessional education has been designed, implemented, and evaluated in undergraduate programs in nursing through a systematic review. METHODS: The literature was searched using the PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, and Cochrane central databases to identify interventional studies including teaching-learning activities among nursing students and other disciplines in English between January 2000 and May 2017. Thirty studies were selected for the analysis. RESULTS: Twenty-four studies out of 30 were designed as a pre-post, no control group, quasi-experimental study design. Interprofessional education learners were primarily engaged in medicine, physical therapy, dentistry, occupational therapy, pharmacy, and respiratory therapy. Patient care related activity was the most frequently selected topic and simulation was the most common teaching-learning method. Evaluation of learning outcomes was mainly based on the aspects of teams and collaboration, professional identity, roles and responsibilities, patient care, and communication skills. Nursing students in 26 out of the 30 reviewed studies were found to benefit from interprofessional education, with outcome effects primarily related to changes in learning outcomes. CONCLUSION: The development and integration of interprofessional education with collaborative practices may offer opportunities in nursing education for training professional nurses of the future.
Cooperative Behavior ; Education* ; Education, Nursing ; Humans ; Interprofessional Relations ; Learning ; Methods ; Non-Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Nursing* ; Occupational Dentistry ; Patient Care ; Pharmacy ; Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine ; Respiratory Therapy ; Students, Nursing*

BACKGROUND: QT dispersion(QTD : QTmax-QTmin) or JT dispersion(JTD:JTmax-JT-min)in 12 leads ECG has been known to reflect regional variations in ventricular repolarization and has been reported to bel one of the marker of regional myocardial ischemia. To evaluate the significance of QTD or JTD of exercise ECG in diagnosis of coronary artery disease, we studied 106 patients(mean age, 56.9 years old, male 63) who were referred for the evaluation of chest pain on exertion. METHOD: Treadmill exercise stress test with modified Bruce protocol and coronary angiography were performed in 106 patients with chest pain on exertion. ST-segment depression by >1.0 mm 0.08 second after J-point during or after exercise in exercise test and >50% stanosis of epicardial artery in coronary angiogram were defined as positive. Of 106 patients, 41 had positive exercise ECG and positive coronary angiogram(true positive, TP), 20 had positive exercise ECG and negative coronary angiogram(false positive, FT), 20 had negative exercise ECG and positive coronary angiogram(faalse negative, FN), and 23 had negative exercise ECG and negative coronary angiogram(true negative, Tn). QT and JT interval in 12 leads were measured at baseline and peakexercise and were corrected for heart rate using Bazett's formula. QTD and JTD were measured by calculation the difference between the maximum QT and mininum QT and that between maximum JT and minumum JT. RESULTS: QTD at baseline for TP(72.8ms)was prolonged compared to Tn(52.2ms,P<0.01), but was not different from that for FT(70.2 ms). At peak exercise, QTD for TP(81.3 msec) was significantly prolonged(p<0.01), while QTD for FP(71.2 msec) was not different from that for TN(56.8 msec). JTD at baseline(78.4 msec) and at peak exercise(88.2 msec) for TP were significantly prolonged compared to those for TN(55.2msec and 55.1msec p<0.01,p<0.01, respectively), but those for FP were not porlonged(77.0msec and 79.0msec, respectively). QTD and JTD at peak exercise were more markedly prolonged in patients with sever stenosis of coronary artery(p=0.053 and p<0.05, repectively) and multivessels diseases(p<0.01, 0<0.05) than those with less severe disease and single vessel disease. Patients with left anterior descending artery lesion had greater QTD and JTD at peak exercise than those with other vessels lesion(p<0.01). In addition to standard criteria with ST segment displacement in exercise EGC, inclusion of exercise induced QTD of more than 60msec increased the sensitivity of exercise ECG from 66.7% to 83.3%, and JTD of more than 70msec increased the specificity from 52% to 76.0%. CONCLUSION: Measurement of QT dispersion and JT dispersion of exercise ECG may be useful method to identify the severity of coronary artery disease and to improve diagnostic accuracy of exercise ECG in coronary artery disease.
Arteries ; Chest Pain ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Coronary Angiography ; Coronary Artery Disease ; Depression ; Diagnosis ; Electrocardiography* ; Exercise Test ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Male ; Myocardial Ischemia ; Sensitivity and Specificity

Most complications of carotid endarterectomy originate from either thrombotic or embolic ischemia. Although the incidence of hemorrhagic hyperperfusion syndrome after carotid endarterectomy is extremely rare, it can cause significant morbidity and mortality. Several mechanisms are involved in the pathophysiology of cerebral hyperperfusion syndrome including impaired cerebral autoregulation and normal pressure breakthrough. Presently, a different mechanism is suggested. Unfortunately, suggestions for prevention are limited to strict perioperative control of hypertension in patients with critical stenosis and chronic cerebral hypoperfusion. We report hypertensive-like ipsilateral basal ganglia hemorrhage after carotid endarterectomy.
Basal Ganglia Hemorrhage ; Cerebral Hemorrhage ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Endarterectomy, Carotid ; Homeostasis ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Incidence ; Ischemia

PURPOSE: To report a case of fibrotic obstruction of scleral orifice in Ex-PRESS shunt. CASE SUMMARY: A 57-year-old male presented with elevated intraocular pressure in his left eye. In the past, laser photocoagulation was performed at a local clinic due to retinal venous occlusion in his left eye. During observation, he was transferred to our hospital due to uncontrolled intraocular pressure despite antiglaucoma medications. He was diagnosed with neovascular glaucoma in the left eye. Since intravitreal injection of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor with maximal medical therapy did not lower the intraocular pressure, an Ex-PRESS shunt device was implanted. Two weeks postoperatively, the bleb was flat and diffuse with shallow anterior chamber and intraocular pressure was below 5 mm Hg. Therefore, we performed scleral flap revision and intraocular pressure was sustained between 10 and 15 mm Hg. Two months postoperatively, the patient experienced high intraocular pressure and no elevated bleb, thus we performed bleb revision. During the surgery, although we removed fibrotic adhesions between the conjunctiva and episclera using a 30-gauge needle, aqueous outflow was not observed. Therefore, we opened the scleral flap and found the scleral orifice of the Ex-PRESS shunt was obstructed by fibrous scar tissue. After scar tissue removal and achieving aqueous outflow through the scleral opening, intraocular pressure decreased to a satisfactory level. CONCLUSIONS: In patients with elevated intraocular pressure after implantation of the Ex-PRESS shunt, the scleral opening of the Ex-PRESS shunt should be examined for obstruction.
Anterior Chamber ; Blister ; Cicatrix ; Conjunctiva ; Endothelial Growth Factors ; Glaucoma, Neovascular ; Humans ; Intraocular Pressure ; Intravitreal Injections ; Light Coagulation ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Needles ; Retinaldehyde

This study aims to ascertain the human saccadic visual tracking characteristics by measuring the eye movement to the double-step stimuli. Responses to simple step and double-step target motions were measured where the target mode and stimulus durations were randomized. To measure the eye movement the Photo-electric Eye Monitor was constructed based on limbus tracking. The results indicate that observers represented two kind of responses (A-or B-type) depending upon the stimulus duration. The percentage of occurrances increased as the stimulus duration increased from 50 to 200 msec. When the subject responded to both target motions, the reaction time of the second saccade was shorter than that of the first. The successive visual information is to change continuously the reaction time or cancel the initial saccade. Our results revealed that parallel data processing characteristics of the visual tracking systems and the saccadic decision-makings are influenced by the temporal relationships.
Eye Movements ; Humans* ; Reaction Time ; Saccades

The purpose of this review is to examine the ways in which eye position and eye movements are measured in order to justify the choice of method for the study concerning the eye movement control systems. The oculomotor control systems were reviewed previously as a viewpoint of measuring objects. Because of the different aspects of eye movement which have been considered, various techniques have been developed-each having its own characteristics of range, sensitivity, bandwidth, stability and ease of application. This study is directed at discussing the pros and cons inherent in a basic method of measurement and to indicate the interesting historical development of oculography as new technologies were employed. Various methods are summarized and photo-electronic method(Limbus tracking technique) was chosen which is most available for the future experimentation.
Eye Movements*