Squamous cell carcinoma of the conjunctiva is a rare disease and usually arises at the limbus and spreads to the cornea, adjacent bulbar conjunctiva and sclera. We experienced two cases of squamous cell carcinoma of the cornea and bulbar conjunctiva. One patient was a 36-year old male with progressive loss of visual acuity and discomfort in the nasal side of the left eyeball for about 7 months. The other patient was a 67-year old male with excessive tearing, recurrent conjunctival injection and elevated mass on inferonasal side of the limbus of the left eye. Excisional biopsy was carried out and histopathologic examination revealed bulbar squamous cell carcinoma in both patients.
Adult ; Aged ; Biopsy ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell* ; Conjunctiva* ; Cornea ; Humans ; Male ; Rare Diseases ; Sclera ; Visual Acuity

Inverted papillomas are relatively rare, benign tumors of the sinonasal cavity that generate interest to many clinicians because of their high rate of recurrences, locally invasive character and malignant transformation. The incidence of bilateral occurrence, ranging from 2 to 7%, is extremely rare, and the incidence of synchronous malignancy is also rare too. Here, we report an unusual case of bilateral inverted papilloma with a malignant transformation on one side. We compared the expression of molecules that suggested a relation with malignant transformation in inverted papilloma between each side of the tumors.
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Incidence ; Papilloma, Inverted ; Recurrence

We report one case of adenoma malignum of the cervix. Adenoma malignum is an extremely well-differentiated form of adenocarcinoma in which the branching glandular pattern strongly simulates that of the normal endocervical glands. This term has been used to describe a very well-differentiated adenocarcinoma characterized histologically by distorted and architecturally irregular endocervical glands which penetrate deeply into the wall of the cervix, but with minimal and focal evidence of glandular cell stratification, anaplasia, or mitotic activity. Despite this innocuous histologic appearance, these tumors have classically been thought to be clinically highly malignant, with an almost invariably rapid lethal outcome. The diagnosis of minimal deviation adenocarcinoma (adenoma malignum) of the endocervix may be difficult. The diagnosis was adenocarcinoma on the Pap Smear treatment has been hysterectomy.
Adenocarcinoma ; Adenoma* ; Anaplasia ; Cervix Uteri* ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Hysterectomy

No abstract available.

Laryngotracheal separation (LTS) is the most immediately life-threatening airway injury. LTS is so rare that very few otolaryngologists have experience with it. LTS is one of the diagnostic and therapeutic challenges in airway diseases and its management remains to be established. We experienced a patient with complete LTS after attempted hanging. A high index of suspicion, adequate imaging, prompt airway establishment and early surgical repair are the most vital factors in managing a patient with LTS.
Humans

We investigated the single- and multiple dose pharmacokinetics of a new controlled-release formulation (Orfil retard enteric coated tablet) of valproic acid in comparison with those of the plain tablet as a reference. Twelve healthy volunteers were given each formulation of 300 mg in the single-dose study. In the steady-state multiple-dose study, twelve epileptic patients received 1200 mg/day of the reference drug (300 mg 9 AM, 300 mg 3 PM, 600 mg 9 PM) and the test formulation (600 mg 9 AM, 600 mg 9 PM) with at least one week interval in cross-over manner. The AUC values of the test controlled release formulation were 91.7% (95% confidence interval: 78.4-100.4%) of the reference drug in the single-dose study and 98.2% (95% confidence interval: 86.2%-109.9%) in the steady-state study. The AUC's of the two formulations were not significantly different by ANOVA test. The Cmax and Tmax values of the test formulation were significantly different from the values of the reference in single-(Tmax: 158.4%, Cmax: 52.5% of the reference) and multiple-dose study (Tmax: 153.5% of the reference). The MRT values of the test formulation were also significantly greater (129.4% of the reference) in the single-dose study. Regarding the controlled-release characteristics of the test formulation, fluctuation index and percentage fluctuation of the twice a day dosage regimen of the test formulation were comparable with those of the thrice a day dosage regimen of the conventional tablet. Area deviation was even smaller in the test regimen of the controlled release formulation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Administration, Oral ; Adult ; Biological Availability ; Delayed-Action Preparations ; Epilepsy/blood/*drug therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Tablets ; Tablets, Enteric-Coated ; Valproic Acid/*pharmacokinetics

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The imbalance between a Th1 response and a Th2 response may be one feature of allergic diseases' pathophysiology. IL-18, originally called the IFN-gamma inducing factor, stimulates both Th1 and Th2 responses depending on cytokine milieu. The aim of this study was to investigate and compare the effect of intranasal and intraperitoneal administration of IL-18 in mice with experimentally induced airway allergy. MATERIALS AND METHOD: Female BALB/c mice were systemically sensitized with ovalbumin mixed with aluminum hydroxide and were challenged with the intranasal instillation of ovalbumin. IL-18 was instilled to nasal cavities or injected into peritoneum according to the experimental group. After provocation test, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was collected and IL-4, IL-5, IL-18 and IFN-gamma were measured. The degree of eosinophilic infiltration were evaluated at the peribronchial region of the lung specimen. RESULTS: The concentration of IL-4 and IL-5 within BALF and peribronchial infiltration of eosinophils were significantly suppressed in the groups treated with IL-18 than in the control group. The intranasal instillation of IL-18 suppressed Th2 cytokines more effectively than the intraperitoneal injection. CONCLUSION: It is suggested that allergic inflammation can be suppressed with the intranasal instillation of IL-18.
Aluminum Hydroxide ; Animals ; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid ; Cytokines ; Eosinophils ; Female ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; Inflammation ; Injections, Intraperitoneal ; Interleukin-18* ; Interleukin-4 ; Interleukin-5 ; Lung ; Mice* ; Nasal Cavity ; Ovalbumin ; Peritoneum

PURPOSE: This study was performed to evaluate the risk factors affecting the failure of fixation and to analyze the clinical and radiologic results after operation with using a sliding hip screw for treating OTA type A2 intertrochanteric fractures of the femur. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From January 2001 to June 2005, we reviewed the clinical records and the serial radiographs of 53 patients (OTA type A2 intertrochanteric fractures of the femur) who were treated with a 135-degree angled sliding hip screw. We analyzed the change in the neck-shaft angle, the sliding distance and failure of the sliding screw, according to the reduction of the lesser trochanteric fragment and the stability of the lateral buttress. RESULTS: Among 53 patients, there were 15 cases (28.3%) of failures to reduce the lesser trochanteric fragment. Losses of the lateral buttress were observed in 35 cases (66.0%). There were 8 cases (15.1%, 8/15) that failed radiologically, including cutting out of the sliding hip screw from a femoral head (3 cases), metal failure (1 case) and excessive sliding (4 cases). There were significantly differences for the changes of the angle of the neck-shaft, the distance of sliding and the length of penetration of the sliding hip screw, according to the reduction of the lesser trochanteric fragment and the stability of the lateral buttress. CONCLUSION: It is important to consider the reduction of the lesser trochanteric fragment and the stability of lateral buttress when treating OTA type A2 intertrochanteric fractures with using a sliding hip screw.
Femur* ; Head ; Hip Fractures* ; Hip* ; Humans ; Risk Factors*

The prognosis of patients with malignant brain tumors has improved only slightly despite the combined use of surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. Immunotherapy offers some possibilities and hopes as a fourth modality for the treatment of cancers although it is still in the early stages of development. It is possible to classify immunotherapy within four generally accepted modalities : 1) restorative or nonspecific immunotherapy 2) adoptive immunotherapy 3) passive immunotherapy 4) active immunotherapy. The techniques of recombinant DNA, genetic engineering, cell fusion and hybridoma production, and molecular biology will make these therapeutic approaches more successful and as the clinical applications expand the skillful cancertherapist will become increasingly familiar with these treatments and the problems associated with their use.
Allergy and Immunology* ; Brain Neoplasms* ; Brain* ; Cell Fusion ; DNA, Recombinant ; Drug Therapy ; Genetic Engineering ; Hope ; Humans ; Hybridomas ; Immunization, Passive ; Immunotherapy* ; Immunotherapy, Active ; Immunotherapy, Adoptive ; Molecular Biology ; Prognosis

Essential thrombocythemia, a subcategory of chronic myeloproliferative disorder, is characterized by absolute thrombocytosis due to excessive clonal proliferation of platelets, hyperaggregability of platelets and increased incidence of thrombosis and hemorrhage. Essential thrombocythemia may cause frequent vascular thrombosis, but it can be a rare cause of acute ischemic heart diseases such as acute myocardial infarction without atherosclerosis, unstable angina and angina pectoris. We report a case of essential thrombocythemia complicated by acute myocardial infarction. A patient with a previous history of vascular thrombotic complications (such as transient ischemic attack and deep vein thrombosis) was managed with 2.8 million units of intravenous urokinase, antiplatelet agent, ACEI, antianginal medications and hydroxyurea. There were clinically remarkable improvements and no further episodes of thrombotic ischemic vascular complications, including acute myocardial infarction.
Angina Pectoris ; Angina, Unstable ; Atherosclerosis ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Hydroxyurea ; Incidence ; Ischemic Attack, Transient ; Myeloproliferative Disorders ; Myocardial Infarction* ; Myocardial Ischemia ; Thrombocythemia, Essential* ; Thrombocytosis ; Thrombosis ; Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator ; Veins