No abstract available.
Forearm* ; Lower Extremity*

We Performed an epidemiologic survey for strabismus among primary school-children in order to investigate the number of strabismus from March 1995 to February 1996. Cover-uncover test and prism cover test were used. The results were as follows:1. Out of 9054 1st grade primary school-children examined, 322(3.56%) were found as strabismus. 2. 322 cases of strabismus include 262(81.4%)exodeviation and 60(18.6%) esodeviation. 3. Alternating type and monocular type strabismus have no difference both in exotropia and esotrapia. 4. In exotropia and esotropia, no sexual predilection was found. 5. Most portion of deviation angle distribute between 11 to 20 prism diopter. 6. The difference of number of strabismus between big cities and small cities was statistically insignificant(p>0.05).
Epidemiology ; Esotropia ; Exotropia ; Korea* ; Strabismus*

Strabismus fixus is a rare condition in which one or both eyes are anchored, as a rule, in a position of extreme adduction or abduction. The involved eye is "fixed" in this position and cannot be moved, and the forced duction test will confirm the immobility of the eye. The condition generally is thought to be congenital and caused by fibrosis, which would explain the loss of elasticity of the rectus muscle. Divergent forms of strabismus fixus not accompanied by ptosis or generalized fibrosis of the extraocular muscle are even more unusual. The authors experienced one case of divergent strabismus fixus in a 23 year old female patient. We performed complete disinsertion of both lateral rectus muscle and recession of conjunctiva and Tenon's capsule, combined with 11 mm resection of medial rectus muscle of left eye. The result of that surgery, however, was not satisfactory. So we performed 11 mm resection of medial rectus muscle of right eye and temporary fixation of the globes with traction sutures in a position of abbuction on both eyes at 3 days after the first surgery. After 4 weeks, patient was remained 60 delta exodeviation but primary position and ocular motility were improved.
Conjunctiva ; Elasticity ; Exotropia* ; Female ; Fibrosis ; Humans ; Strabismus ; Sutures ; Tenon Capsule ; Traction ; Young Adult

We analyzed the change of the amount of postoperative deviation between pediatric group (younger than 18 years) and adult. group (older than 18 years) with intermittent exotropia. All of the 141 patients were treated by bilateral recession of lateral rectus muscle. Among 141 patients, 111 were overcorrected immediately after surgery. Among 111 overcorrected patients, 64 were children and 47 were adults. Fifty of 64 overcorrected pediatric patients were satisfied after 6 m.on`ths after surgery, but only 22 of 47 overcorrected adult patients were satisfied. Twenty two of 26 overcorrected 10-15delta immediately after surgery in pediatric group and 17 of 24 overcorrected under 10delta, in adult group were satisfied after 6 months after surgery. Between the two groups, the figure of change of postoperative deviation were different. In pediatric group, postoperative deviation was rnuch naore decreased at. 6 months after surgery, but, changes were less significant in adult group. We suggest that immediately after surgery, a small consecutive esotropia of 10 to ISA is desirable in children but. esotropia less than IDA in adults.
Adult* ; Child ; Esotropia ; Exotropia* ; Humans

A 46 year old man with unilateral Purtscher's retinopathy is described. On ophthalmic examination he had macular edema and multiple exudates and hemorrhages at the posterior pole of the left eye. Fluorescein angiography demonstrated impaired arteriolar flow, capillary non-per fusion, venous staining, and macular edema. The pathogenesis of Purtscher's retinopathy is unknown. Arterial and venous pressure elevation leading to vascular damage in the nerve fiber layer seems to be the most plausible explanation.
Capillaries ; Exudates and Transudates ; Fluorescein Angiography ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Macular Edema ; Middle Aged ; Nerve Fibers ; Venous Pressure

PURPOSE: The clinical characteristics and post-operative prognosis of dissociated vertical deviation (DVD) combined with exotropia was evaluated. METHOD & MATERIALS: The clinical appearance such as the frequency of DVD, vision, amount of deviation, stereoacuity, sensory abnormality, the presence of latent nystagmus, head tilting and operation results were evaluated in patients who were diagnosed with comitant exotropia followed by surgical correction with 3 month follow-up. RESULTS: Eight (16.0%) patients had exotropia combined with DVD, the combined DVD showed an angle of vertical deviation 15.88+/-7.26 delta, for the right eye and 13.50+/-6.55 deltafor the left eye in the primary position. All but 1 patient showed subnormal stereoacuity in the Titmus stereopsis test and most showed suppression in near and far in the Worth 4 dot test. Four (50%) patients were associated with latent nystagmus and one (12.5%) patient showed head tilting. Three months after the operation, all patients showed a residual DVD under 8 delta. CONCLUSION: DVD is frequently combined with exotropia and is associated with decreased stereoacuity, latent nystagmus, head tilting, inferior oblique overaction (IOOA), and superior oblique overaction (SOOA). DVD showed no relation to the amount of deviation of exotropia but was usually associated with a small angle of exotropia (<25 delta) or large angle of exotropia (> or =50 delta). The correction of DVD with exotropia showed satisfactory results.
Depth Perception ; Exotropia* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Head ; Humans ; Prognosis

Episcleral osseous choristoma is a rare isolated bony nodule occurring in the conjunctival or episcleral connective tissue in eyes which are otherwise normal. They are present at birth. This congenital lesion is usually about the size of a pea and typically located in the superotemporal quadrant, some 5 to 10mm from the limbus. Of the 40 reported cases in the literature, none had associated ocular abnormalities. The diagnosis has seldom been suspected preoperatively. Our patient was 3-month-old healthy male baby. For the cosmetic purpose, we had done excisional biopsy. In the histopathologic study, the mass was a dermoid covered with skin and contained fat, hair follicle and osseous tissue at its center. The mass was confirmed to be a complex choristoma, especially osseous choristoma. We report this case because of the rarity of osseous chroistomas combined with complex choristoma.
Biopsy ; Choristoma* ; Connective Tissue ; Dermoid Cyst ; Diagnosis ; Hair Follicle ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Parturition ; Peas ; Skin

Diabetic macular edema is the most frequent cause of visual loss among patients with background diabetic retinopathy. We reviewed 62 cases(39 patients) of diffuse diabetic macular edema which were treated by grid-pattern photocoagulation treatment and followed up for more than 3 months from March 1989 to July 1990. The results were as follows. 1. There was improvement of visual acuity in 13 eyes(21.0%), no changes in 33 eyes(53.2%), and 16 eyes(25.8%) showed worsened visual acuity. 2. There was improvement in the degree of macular edema in 28 eyes(45.7%), no change in 15 eyes(24.2%), and 19 eyes(30.6%) showed a worsened degree of macular edema. 3. Clinical findings having poorer visual prognoses were the presence of foveal exudate, hypertension, preoperative vision worse than 20/100, and proliferative diabetic retinopathy.
Diabetic Retinopathy ; Exudates and Transudates ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Light Coagulation* ; Macular Edema* ; Prognosis ; Visual Acuity

PURPOSE: To identify the characteristics of adult patients who develop acute concomitant esotropia during adulthood. METHODS: Using a retrospective noncomparative method, this study evaluated the medical charts of 10 adults who were diagnosed with acute onset esotropia between January 2003 and May 2005. All patients presented the symptoms of estotropia when they were older than age 18. All patients in the study group had no previous ocular history, no cause of interruption of fusion, no history of systemic disease or head trauma, and no abnormal findings on neurologic examination. RESULTS: The average follow-up period was 10.8 months (range, 5 ~ 17 months). The mean age was 44.7 years (range, 18 ~ 62 years). The average refractive error was -1.43 diopter (range, -5.50 ~ +0.50 diopter). An operation was performed in one case. The prism diopter decreased according to follow-up in other patients. CONCLUSIONS: There are characteristics of acute onset esotropia of adulthood that differentiate it from existing esotropia. Almost all patients were myopic, showed nearly the same prism diopter between near and far vision, and deviation improved with follow-up.
Adult ; Craniocerebral Trauma ; Esotropia* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Neurologic Examination ; Refractive Errors ; Retrospective Studies

PURPOSE: To clinically determine the proportion of people with a fixed dissociating eye in patients with dissociated vertical deviation (DVD). METHODS: Medical records of 86 patients diagnosed with DVD in our department of ophthalmology from 2001 to November 2011 were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS: Of the 71 patients, 25 (35.21%) showed a higher degree of dissociation in the fixating eye, 26 (36.62%) had higher dissociation in the non-fixating eye; 20 of 25 patients with a higher level of dissociation in the fixating eye and 22 of 26 patients with a higher level of dissociation in the non-fixating eye received surgical correction for DVD, such as superior rectus muscle recession or inferior oblique muscle anterior transposition. CONCLUSIONS: In DVD, the proportion of patients showing a higher level of dissociation in the fixating eye was significant. Patients with DVD require thorough evaluation; measurement of the level of dissociation and determination of the fixating eye is beneficial for management and surgical intervention.
Humans ; Medical Records ; Ophthalmology ; Retrospective Studies