No abstract available.
Angiotensin II* ; Angiotensins* ; Animals ; Epidermal Growth Factor* ; Rats* ; Ureter* ; Ureteral Obstruction*

To investigate the effects of prostaglandin E1(PGX1) in prevention of proliferative scar formation, we cultured fibroblasts of normal skin (NS), hypertrophic scar (HS) and keloid (KL) tissues obtained from patients. We have compared type I collagenase production of cultured fibroblasts from normal skin, hypertrophic scar, and keloid tissues under various concentrations of PGE1. Our results demonstrate that type I collagenase production was significantly increased after addition of PGE1 in HS and KL, but not NS. Type I collagenase production of HS and KL fibroblasts were increased similarly in 10M and 10M of PGE1 and maximally increased in the concentration of 10M. This promotive effects of PGE1 on the production of type I collagenase was larger in KL than in HS. These results also suggest that PGE1 may play the promotive effects on type I collagenase production in dose-dependent manner. PGE1 may have a role in the prevention of hypertrophic scar and keloid by enhancing the production of type I collagenase of HS and KL fibroblasts. The promotive effects of PGE1 on type I collagenase production was variable depending on its concentration, and its effects was maximum in certain optimal condition. The maximally effective concentration of PGE1 in the prevention of proliferative scar formation should be searched in further investigations for clinical use.
Alprostadil ; Cicatrix ; Cicatrix, Hypertrophic* ; Collagenases* ; Fibroblasts* ; Humans ; Keloid* ; RNA, Messenger* ; Skin

No abstract available.
Diverticulum, Esophageal*

To evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of transthoracic fine needle aspiration cytology(TFNAC) in the preoperative diagnosis of pulmonary nodules, a retrospective analysis was carried out on a consecutive series of 200 TFNACs. They included 186 primary malignant tumors, 66 squamous cell carcinomas, 65 adenocarcinomas, 36 small cell carcinomas, 7 large cell carcinomas, 4 carcinoids, 8 others, 9 metastatic tumors, and 5 benign tumors. On cytohistologic correlation of malignant pulmonary tumors, the pro- cedure had a sensitivity of 97.3% and a specificity of 100%. A 86.6% correct correlation between the cytologic and histologic diagnoses was achieved. Five out of the 7 undifferentiated large cell carcinomas, 10 out of the 65 adenocarcinomas, 2 out of the 36 small cell carcinomas, and 2 out of the 66 squamous cell carcinomas were turned out to be mistyped in cytologic diagnosis. We concluded that TFNAC is a highly sensitive and specific preoperative diagnostic procedure in the investigation of patients with discrete pulmonary nodules in whom the specific cell type of the malignant neoplasm has important implications in treatment modality and prognosis.
Adenocarcinoma ; Bezafibrate ; Biopsy, Fine-Needle ; Carcinoid Tumor ; Carcinoma, Large Cell ; Carcinoma, Small Cell ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Diagnosis ; Endometrial Neoplasms ; Female ; Humans ; Hydronephrosis* ; Kidney* ; Natural History* ; Papanicolaou Test ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Sensitivity and Specificity

The main objectives of the surgical treatment of intrahepatic stones are complete removal of the stones and correction of biliary stasis and strictures. Hepatic resection is expected to yield a most satisfactory treatment result by eradicating the stones and the strictured bile duct as well. To evaluate the effectiveness and the risk of hepatic resection, we reviewed 149 patients who underwent hepatic resection due to intrahepatic stones over a fourteen-year period and who were followed up. There were 48 males and 101 females, and ages ranged from 20 to 70 years. The stones were located in the left lobe in 96 patients, the right lobe in 13 patients, and both lobes in 40 patients. The operative procedures executed in the patients were 96 lateral segmentectomies, 33 left lobectomies, 14 right lobectomies, one extended right lobectomy, and five partial resections. Biliary drainage procedures were added in 40 patients. Postoperatively, retained stones were found in 24.2% of the patients which was lowered to 10.7% at the time of discharge with assistance of radiologic interventions. During follow-up over a mean period of 63 months, 93.2% of the patients showed good rehabilitation, and recurrent stones had developed in 5 patients (3.5%). Operative complications were biliay fistula in 10 patients, intra-abdominal abscess in seven patients, hepatic failure in two patients, and postoperative bleeding in one patient, and the overall operative mortality rate was 2.0%. We conclude that hepatic resection is a safe and satisfactory treatment option for patients with intrahepatic stones.
Abdominal Abscess ; Bile Ducts ; Cholestasis ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Drainage ; Female ; Fistula ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Liver Failure ; Male ; Mastectomy, Segmental ; Mortality ; Rehabilitation ; Surgical Procedures, Operative

Double common bile duct (DCBD) is a rare congenital anomaly among biliary anomalies. The anomaly has an important clinical implication because of its association with anomalous pancreaticobiliary ductal union (APBDU) and upper gastrointestinal cancers. In addition, if one of the two common bile ducts is mistaken for the cystic duct during surgery, bile duct injury is likely to occur. Treatment depends on the coexistence of concomitant cancer and APBDU. A 54-year-old male diagnosed of gastric cancer was referred for surgery. During surgery, we incidentally detected bile leak from the tubular structure around the hepatoduodenal ligament. We performed intraoperative cholangiogram by cannulizing into the tubular structure, and confirmed the tubular duct as the accessory bile duct with an ectopic drainage into the stomach, which was connected to the proximal common bile duct. In this study, we report a rare case of DCBD with an ectopic drainage into the stomach and review the literature.
Bile ; Bile Ducts ; Common Bile Duct* ; Cystic Duct ; Drainage* ; Gallstones ; Gastrointestinal Neoplasms ; Humans ; Ligaments ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Stomach Neoplasms ; Stomach*

Silicone gel breast implants may induce local(fibrous capsular contracture) or systemic(rheumatoid arthritis, systemic sclerosis, etc) complications. The exact mechanism of fibrous capsular contracture has not been fully understood. In the present study, we tried to find out the effect of silicone gel on the fibroblast proliferation which has been known as a major contributing factor in fibrous capsular contracture formation. In vitro, activated macrophages are known to secrete monokines which affect fibroblast proliferation and collagen synthesis. And tumour necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-alpha) and interleukin-6(IL-6), which were released by macrophages, were reported as potent stimulator of fibroblast proliferation. The goal of this study is to investigate the role of macrophages and tumour necrosis factor-alphaor interleukin-6 in the interaction of fibroblasts and silicone gel. We designed four groups, two experimental and two control, using Institute for Cancer Research(ICR) mouse peritioneal macrophage and silicone gel. For the preparation of the conditioned medium of macrophages, peritoneal macrophages were prepared and cultured for 24 hours on the silicone gel-coated and naked (not coated) surface [silicone gel-macrophage conditioned medium(SCM; experimental group) and normal polystyrene-macrophage conditioned medium(NCM; control group) respectively]. To correct the effect of 10% fetal bovine serum which was included in Rapid Prototyping and Manufacturing Institute (RPMI) 1640 medium and draw the effect only by macrophages, the RPMI 1640 medium with 10% fetal bovine serum was cultured by the same method on the silicone gel-coated and naked surface (silicone gel-macrophage free conditioned medium; SFM and normal polystyrene-macrophage free conditioned medium; NFM respectively). Each conditioned medium was added onto NIH 3T3 fibroblasts culture at a final 25% concentration of total culture medium and followed by the cultivation for 24 hours. For antibody neutralizing experiments, each conditioned medium was preincubated with polyclonal rabbit anti-mouse TNF-alpha antibody or polyclonal rat anti-mouse IL-6 antibody for 1 hour and then, conditioned medium with antibody was added to the culture medium of NIH 3T3 fibroblasts by the same method. After 24 hours cultivation, total number of viable fibroblast(cell growth), DNA synthesis and collagen synthesis of fibroblasts with each medium were measured by sulforhodamine B(SRB) assay, 3H-thymidine and 3H-proline incorporation respectively. The results were as follows: 1. In the experiment about the effect of the conditioned medium on the fibroblast activity, the experimental group(SCM), compared with the control group(NCM), showed a significant increase of the cell growth (p<0.01), a significant decrease of DNA synthesis(p<0.001), but no significant difference in the collagen synthesis. 2. In the experiment about the effect of polyclonal rabbit anti-mouse TNF-alpha antibody on the fibroblast activity, after the addition of antibody the experimental group, compared with the control group, showed a significant decrease of the cell growth(p<0.001), a significant increase of DNA synthesis(p<0.01), but no significant difference in the collagen syn thesis. 3. In the experiment about the effect of polyclonal rat anti-mouse IL-6 antibody on the fibroblast activity, after the addition of antibody the experimental group, compared with the control group, showed a significant decrease of the cell growth(p<0.001), a significant increase of DNA synthesis(p<0.0001), but no significant difference in the collagen synthesis. In conclusion, culture supernatants (conditioned medium) of peritoneal macrophages, activated by silicone gel, stimulate the NIH 3T3 fibroblast proliferation. TNF-alpha and IL-6, products of macrophage, are involved in the stimulation of NIH 3T3 fibroblast proliferation in an in vitro condition.
Animals ; Arthritis ; Breast Implants ; Collagen ; Contracture ; Culture Media, Conditioned ; DNA ; Fibroblasts* ; Interleukin-6* ; Macrophages ; Macrophages, Peritoneal* ; Mice ; Monokines ; Necrosis ; Rats ; Scleroderma, Systemic ; Silicone Gels* ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha*

Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (PJS) is a rare hereditary disease where the clinical manifestations are multiple harmatomatous gastrointestinal polyps and pigmentations of the skin. A harmatomatous polyp can develop at any part of the gastrointestinal tract, and the proximal small bowel is frequently involved. Intestinal obstruction, bleeding and intussusception, caused by GI polyps have been reported, which often require repeated surgery. A female patient presented with suffering of abdominal pain for two days duration. The patient was diagnosed with intussusception, and a resection and anastomosis of the small bowel was performed. The patient was treated for 15 days, and was discharged from the hospital without any particular complications. We report this case with a review of the literature.
Abdominal Pain ; Female ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; Genetic Diseases, Inborn ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Intestinal Obstruction ; Intussusception ; Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome ; Pigmentation ; Polyps ; Skin ; Stress, Psychological

PURPOSE: To compare the effect of triamcinolone acetonide injection between intravitreal injection alone group and intravitreal injection in combintaion with posterior subtenon injection group in diabetic macular edema. METHODS: Twenty-nine eyes of 29 patients with diabetic macular edema were randomly classified into two groups. Intravitreal injection of triamcinolone acetonide 4 mg was administered to 15 eyes and posterior subtenon injection of triamcinolone acetonide 20 mg in combination with intravitreal injection was administered to 14 eyes. Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), macular thickness measured by optical coherence tomography were assessed 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after the procedure. RESULTS: Baseline BCVA and macular thickness showed no differences between two groups. BCVA and macular thickness 1, 3, and 6 months after the procedure revealed significant improvement, but no significant differences between two groups were observed. CONCLUSIONS: Intravitreal injection of triamcinolone acetonide alone and intravitreal inejction in combination with posterior subtenon injection were equally effective, but had no significant differences.
Humans ; Intravitreal Injections ; Macular Edema* ; Tomography, Optical Coherence ; Triamcinolone Acetonide ; Triamcinolone* ; Visual Acuity

OBJECTIVE: Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a neurotrophin that is widely expressed in the mammalian brain and acts to regulate neuronal survival and influence cognitive processes. The present study measured serum BDNF levels to investigate the associations of the BDNF Val66Met and 5-hydroxytryptamine transporter linked promoter region (5-HTTLPR) polymorphisms with cognitive function in elderly Korean individuals. METHODS: Over 60 years, a total of 834 subjects were recruited for the present study. The subjects were classified into groups based on the degree of cognitive impairment (age-associated cognitive decline, mild cognitive impairment, and Alzheimer's disease) and compared with normal controls in terms of a neuropsychological assessment and a clinical evaluation. RESULTS: Of the initial 834 study participants, 165 (59 controls and 106 subjects with cognitive impairments) completed the study. There was a significant increase in serum BDNF levels in subjects with cognitive impairments relative to the control group and the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism was significantly associated with cognitive function but not serum BDNF levels. The 5-HTTLPR polymorphism did not have any associations with cognitive impairment or serum BDNF levels. CONCLUSION: The present findings suggest that BDNF may play a role in the pathophysiology of cognitive impairment and the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism may be an important factor in the susceptibility to these age-related deficits.
Aged* ; Brain ; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor* ; Cognition ; Dementia ; Humans ; Mild Cognitive Impairment ; Neurons ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Serotonin