No abstract available.
Denture Liners* ; Dentures*

No abstract available.
Surveys and Questionnaires*

No abstract available.
Diagnosis* ; Osteoma, Osteoid*

Congenital pseudarthroses and non-unions have been recognized as some of the most challenging problems in orthopaedic surgery. with a standard surgical procedure, such as bone grafting, nailing, plating or a combination of these, it was frequently failed to unit. After repeated surgical failures, amputation has been the main course. With the advent of an electrical control of osteogenesis, however, this dismal outlook is brightening. The earliest report of the use of electrical energy to directly stimulate bone healing seems to be in 19th century, but it was not reliable. In this century, the electrical properties of bone were first described by Yasuda et al in 1953. After then, several investigators have shown that the application of small amounts of the electrical current to bone stimulates osteogenesis at the site of the cathode. Clinical trials using various froms in the treatment of delayed union, non-union, and congenital-pseudarthrosis began early in the 1970's. Constant direct current, pulsed current, and electromagnetically induced current have all been used clinically to heal bone defects with varying degrees of success. But, to-this date it is unknown what is the mechanism of stimulating bone healiag with electricity, and which from of electricity is most efficient in stimulating osteogenesis. We have experienced direct current stimulation to promote osteogenesis in 9 cases of non-union and 4 cases of congenital pseudarthses of the tibia from august, 1978 to december, 1980. Of 9 non-unions, 7 (77.8%) achieved solid bony union. We had obtained bony union in 4cases of non-union only with the electrical stimulation. In 4 cases of congenital pseudarthses of the tibia, all cases achieved solid bony union with the electrical stimulation and bone graft, but in 3 cases, refractures were occurred. At this moment, our conclusions from this study are as followa. I. Direct current stimulation is one of the reliable methods inducing ostengenesis. 2. Regular follows-up and determination of the stimulator integrity are essential steps in the electrical stimulation. 3. Combined treatment with the electrical stimulation and bone graft have markedly improved the success rate. 4. In direct current stimulation of congenital pseudarthsis, the mechanically sound bony alignment, massive bone graft and protection using long leg brace seem to be mandatory procedures.
Amputation ; Bone Transplantation ; Braces ; Electric Stimulation ; Electricity ; Electrodes ; Humans ; Leg ; Magnets ; Osteogenesis ; Pseudarthrosis ; Research Personnel ; Tibia ; Transplants

The dynamic blood flow is regulated by the numerous complex mechanisms. Since blood flow varies directly with the radius of the vessel, blood flow is markedly affected by small changes in the caliber of the vessels. Using the hotoplethysmography, we assessed the relative changes of blood flow after topical application of the vasoactive drugs to the femoral arteries of the rabbits. It is the purpose of this study to evaluate the immediate and delayed effects of the vasoactive drugs such as epinephrine, methylergonovine, chymopapain, and lidocaine in course of time when the drugs applied topically to the vessel. 60 rabbits were divided into 6 experimental groups. In group I, the femoral artery was surgically exposed only. In Group g-A, epinephrine was applied to the femoral artery after surgical exposure. In Group Il-B, after spplication of epinephrine, the effect of epiniphrine was reversed with lidocaine. Another drugs were applied as follows methylergonovine in Group Hl-A, methylergonovine and lidocaine in Group Ill-B as in group Il-B, Chymopapain in Group lV. The relstive changes of blood flow were measured by the photoplethymograph for 3 weeks. The results are as follows ; 1. The amplitude of the photoplethysmographic wave decreased immediately after the topical application of epinephrine, methylergonovine and chymopapain. Such an effect could be observed until the 3rd week after the topical application of the drugs, 2. The delayed dffect of reducing the amplitude could be seen during the 1st week in the epinephrine and methylergonovine treated groups. However, it was seen after 1st week in the chymopapain treated group. 3. The delayed effect of epinephrine and methylergonovine could be reversed with lidocaine. 4. It seems that lidocaine can be used clinically to preyent the delayed effect of epinephrine and methylergonovine.
Blood Vessels ; Chymopapain ; Epinephrine ; Femoral Artery ; Lidocaine ; Methylergonovine ; Photoplethysmography ; Rabbits ; Radius

The purpose of this study is to confirm the effectiveness of stay-suture which is commonly used in the procedure of end to end anastomosis, to find out general biomechanical properties of peripheral nerve with gradual stretching and to evaluate the histological difference after breakage of the nerve. The sciatic nerves of adult rabbits were excised and they were grouped by I and II. Group I was composed of 14 normal sciatic nerves and group II, 14 sciatic nerves sutured with 5-0 nylon after transection. They were stretched on the "Instron" universal testing machine at a constant rate of 200mm/min until breakage took place and the results were compared. The mean maximal tensile strength was 13.6N in group I and 2.1N in group II, representing about one seventh value. The mean ultimate tensile strength was 4.2MPa in group I and 0.9MPa in group II, representing about one fifth value. In load-elongation curve of group I, viscoelastic property was noted as all other biological tissues have. The mean modulus of elasticity was 19 in normal sciatic nerves, which is somewhat lower value than other tissues, indicating superior elastic property of peripheral nerves. Transverse histologic examination showed that epineurium lost its continuity earlier than perineurium, implying perineurium is a more resistant structure than epineurium. However, to confirm this, it is thought to be necessary to examine the nerves serially during distraction at each different status. In conclusion, stay-suture provided about one fifth of ultimate tensile stress, implying its usefullness of resisting excessive tension in end to end anastomosis of peripheral nerves. Normal sciatic nerves showed viscoelastic property with mean modulus of elasticity of 19.
Adult ; Elastic Modulus ; Humans ; Nylons ; Peripheral Nerves ; Rabbits ; Sciatic Nerve ; Tensile Strength

The present study was designed to obtain omparative data on in vitro antifungal activities of imidazole derivatives. Minimum inhibitory oncentrations of clotrimazole, miconazole, econazole, ketoconazlole and griseofulvin on 4 strains of Trichophyton mentagrophytes, 3 strains of Trichophyton rubrum, 2 strains of Microsporum canis and ] strain of Sporothriv: schenckii were etermined after 3 week' incubation at room temperature on Sabouraud's dextrose liquid media. In addition, the fungicidal activities of miconazole and econazole were tested against Z'richophyton mentagrophytes and Microsporum canis, using the techniques described by Vanbreuseghern(1967) The results are summarzed as follows: ] In most of the dermatophytes studied, 1 to 10 pg/ml of M1C were detected. Diverse susceptibility pattern was observed among different fungal species, but no or minor variability was noted within the same species. The susceptibility of Z'ri- chophyton rubrum showed at MIC of 0. 01 to 10 pg/ml, T ichophyton mentagro- phyt.es and Mic osporum canis at 0.1 to 10 pg/ml and 0. 1 to 1000 gg/ml respec- tively. The Trichophyton rubrum was the most sensitive. In the susceptibility test of Sporothrix schenckii, the high resistance to clotrimazole and griseofuhin was observed. The fungistatic activities of miconazole, econazole and ketoconazole were observed only at concentrations higher than JpQ pg/ml.
Arthrodermataceae ; Clotrimazole ; Econazole ; Glucose ; Griseofulvin ; Ketoconazole ; Miconazole ; Microsporum ; Sporothrix ; Trichophyton

No abstract available.
Angiotensin II* ; Angiotensins* ; Animals ; Epidermal Growth Factor* ; Rats* ; Ureter* ; Ureteral Obstruction*

We reviewed 40 cases of femoral shaft fractures in children treated with split Russel traction and initial fracture angulation above 10 degree. The treatment of femoral shaft fractures in children is various according to age. Satisfactory results have been reported with split-Russel traction. At an average follow-up of 33 months, we obtained following results about remodelling of fracture site & physeal site, possible acceptable angulation of fracture. 1. The average time of traction was 18 days, and hip spica cast was applied for 28 days. 2. Malunion within 25degrees in flexion & 23degrees in valgus & 24degrees in varus was well corrected spontaneously. 3. Average correction of initial angular deformity was 86% at last follow up. 4. Anterior angulation was corrected at 83%, varus 87%, valgus 88%. 5. Remodelling according to direction of deformity was no statistical correlation (P>0.05), and then spontaneous correction of angular deformity was same without relation to direction of deformity. 6. Remodelling according to site was statistical correlation (P<0.05), fracture site 26%, physes 74%. And proximal physes 36%, distal physes 38%.
Child* ; Congenital Abnormalities* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hip ; Humans ; Traction*

It is essential to define the mechanical and morphological characteristics of bone in undrestanding the mechanism and treatment of fractrues of bone. We already reported the results of bending study in 1983 and tension study in 1987 to assess the mechanical and morphological changes of bone according to the growth. Following these studies, we performed torsion study on growing long bone to have better understanding of the characteristics of bone. In order to assess the mechanical and morphological properties of fracture of growing bone by torsion, we divided 100 Newzealand white rabbits(40 1-month-old rabbits, 20 3-months old rabbits and 40 5-months-old rabbits) into 6 experimental groups according to their maturity and side : Group 1(right femur of 1 month old), Group 2( left femur of 1 month old), Group 3(right femur of 3 months old), Group 4(left femur of 3 months old), Group 5(right femur of 5 months old), Group 6(left femur of 5 months old). Each group of femora were loaded in torsion with varing distance and the following results were obtained: 1. Fracture shapes were composed of the spiral component and the vertical component which connected the two ends of the spiral component. 2. Younger bones revealed greater deformation angle and apex angle but less obliquity than older bones. 3. When the gap between the grips were lengthened three times, there was a very signi ficant increase of deformation angle and obliquity but apex angle was decreased and the fracture angle showed little change. 4. It was necessary to measure the apex angle and obliquity in the morphological description of fractures by torsion. 5. We observed when a certain degree of angular deformity was applied on a bone at a certain age, the fracture was occured through the tension failure regardless of types of loading forces.
Congenital Abnormalities ; Femur ; Hand Strength ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Rabbits