No abstract available.
Animals ; Hindlimb Suspension* ; Hindlimb*

No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Animals ; Gene Expression* ; Hypothalamus* ; Immunohistochemistry* ; In Situ Hybridization* ; Rats* ; Vasopressins*

A subperiosteal ganglion has been very rarely reported, since Ollier reported first one in 1864. A subperiosteal ganglion is produced by mucoid degeneration and cyst formation within the periosteum, which results in cortical erosion. The characteristic plain radiolographic appearance of irregular cortical erosion and scalloping, with reactive periosteal bone spicules, has been considered pathognomonic of subperiosteal ganglion. Magnetic resonance imaging is performed to further characterize the soft tissue component of the mass. As in our patient, the characteristic signal intensities of magnetic resonance imaging are especially useful in identifying the lesion as a ganglion and in defining the lobular nature and the anatomical extent. We report here the case of a 35-year-old female who had a sudperiosteal ganglion of the distal radius.
Adult ; Female ; Ganglion Cysts* ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Pectinidae ; Periosteum ; Radius*

BACKGROUND: Bentonite clay, which is a major component of mud pack, has been used for various purposes in cosmetics. Glycolic acid is known to be effective in the treatment of acne. Al-though those products are used widely, information on the mode of action and effects on the skin are little and controversial till now. OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether bentonite alone, or bentonite with glycolic acid in mixed formulation affect the stratum corneum leading to alteration on cutaneous barrier function and whether those products alter the lipid lamellae and desmosomes of corneocytes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Mud pack-type ointment of bentonite, bentonite and 5% glycolic acid formulation, bentonite and 10% glycolic acid formulation were applied on the volar fore-arm of the five healthy men and flank skin of five 6-8 week old hairless mice. Transepidermal water loss and capacitance were measured. Electron microscopic examination after ruthenium tetroxide postfixation was performed on the flank skin of the mice. RESULTS: Transepidermal water loss(TEWL) increased immediately and normalized 4 to 6 hours later after removal of vapor permeable membrane in both mouse and human. Capacitance did not show any evidence of change in the water content of the stratum corneum. Electron microscopic examination revealed that lipid lamellae and desmosome of corneocytes were not de-graded, but lamellar body secretion and partially electron-lucent material was-increased in 10% glycolic acid and bentonite mixture-treated area. CONCLUSION: Barrier function of stratum corneum is not disturbed by bentonite and glycolic acid formulations at the concentration used. Barrier structures are not disrupted, but lamellar body secretion and partially electron-lucent material was increased by bentonite and glycolic acid formulations at higher concentration.
Acne Vulgaris ; Animals ; Bentonite* ; Desmosomes ; Humans ; Male ; Membranes ; Mice ; Mice, Hairless ; Mud Therapy ; Ruthenium ; Skin ; Water

Medical examinations for aircrew (MEA) have been applied in various extents since World War I, when medical fitness of aircrew began to be spotlighted as a major factor of flight safety and flight performance. The main purpose of MEA is to identify any presumptive medical defects that may cause sudden incapacitation and aircraft accident consequently. However, the value of medical screening tests has been debated for many years and raised questions of their effectiveness and aeromedical usefulness. Therefore, this review article focuses on diverse perspectives regarding MEA and tries to develop the most appropriate way of implementing medical examinations for insuring flight safety.
Aircraft ; Mass Screening ; Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1 ; World War I

BACKGROUND: In a condition of microgravity, arteries of upper body part are exposed to relative hypertensive stress, which is induced by headward fluid shift. We already have reported the increase of monocyte adhesion and intercellular adhesion molecule-I (ICAM-I) expression in carotid artery and thoracic aorta in the simulated microgravity. The purpose of this study was to identify the evidence of hypertensive arterial change in hindlimb unloading rats. METHODS: A total of 16 Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into the 2 and the 4 weeks hindlimb unloading groups and their control groups, respectively. After experimental exposure, the carotid artery, the thoracic/abdominal aorta, and the femoral artery were obtained from each experimental and control groups. The degree of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, MMP-9, and tissue inhibitor of MMPs type 1 (TIMP-1) expression were analyzed by immunohistochemical stain. RESULTS: The increase of MMP-2, 9 expression was noted in the carotid artery and the thoracic aorta from the 4 weeks hindlimb unloading group. On the other hand, the MMP-2, 9 expression was negligible in the abdominal aorta and the femoral artery of this group. In general, the findings of the 2 weeks hindlimb unloading group were similar to those of the control group. The TIMP expression was not found in all groups. CONCLUSION: We found the evidence of hypertensive arterial change by increased shear stress on upper body part's arteries in simulated microgravity. Considering the possible development of this change into hypertensive arterial damage with other cardiovascular risk factors, our findings can be highlighted as an important medical concern, especially in a long-term spaceflight.
Animals ; Aorta ; Aorta, Abdominal ; Aorta, Thoracic ; Arteries ; Carotid Arteries ; Femoral Artery ; Hand ; Hindlimb Suspension* ; Hindlimb* ; Matrix Metalloproteinases ; Monocytes ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Risk Factors ; Space Flight ; Weightlessness

BACKGROUND: This study is aimed to analyze the results of aeromedical consultation of ROKAF for recent 10 years. METHODS: We reviewed the records of all ROKAF rated personnel who developed a medical problem requiring aeromedical consultation during the period from 1991 to 2000. RESULTS: We collected 263 cases. The most frequent clinical categories were ENT and musculoskeletal problems. In the group of fighter pilots, 30 cases were classified into permanent grounding. Chronic hepatitis and Herniated disc were the main causes. In the group of undergraduate pilots, aerotitis media by high altitude flight and airsickness by high performance flight, were the main causes. CONCLUSION: According to this study, we need to reinforce the supervision about the revealed major causes.
Altitude ; Hepatitis, Chronic ; Intervertebral Disc Displacement ; Motion Sickness ; Organization and Administration

Diode laser photocoagulation with laser ophthalmoscope has been shown to be effective and safe for treatment of threshold ROP. The purpose of this study are to deternine whether diode laser photocoagulation is really effective in reducing the likelihood of unfavorable regults in threshold stage. The eyes of neonates with birthweight of 2,500g or less, gestational age of 37 weeks or less, or exposure to increased ambient oxygen between May 1994 and October 1995 were examined, 21 eyes of threshold level of ROP and 2 eyes of prethreshold stage received diode laser photocoagulation. Nineteen(83%) of the 23 eyes that underwent laser photocoagulation had a favorable respons. Retinopathy of prematurity, however progressed to stage 4 in 2 eyes and stage 5 in 2 eyes. Two eyes in stage 4 achieved retinal reattachment after retinal buckling operation, but two eyes in stage 5 did not achieved retina1 reattachment. Regarding complications, one eye had retinal hemorihagic spot and one had presumed Bruch's membrane rupture. All infants had been followed up for minimum of 6 months. The results suggest that diode laser photocoagulation is an effective method in treatment of ROP, technically easier to administer without significant complication.
Bruch Membrane ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Lasers, Semiconductor* ; Light Coagulation* ; Ophthalmoscopes ; Oxygen ; Retinaldehyde ; Retinopathy of Prematurity* ; Rupture

Diode laser photocoagulation with laser ophthalmoscope has been shown to be effective and safe for treatment of threshold ROP. The purpose of this study are to deternine whether diode laser photocoagulation is really effective in reducing the likelihood of unfavorable regults in threshold stage. The eyes of neonates with birthweight of 2,500g or less, gestational age of 37 weeks or less, or exposure to increased ambient oxygen between May 1994 and October 1995 were examined, 21 eyes of threshold level of ROP and 2 eyes of prethreshold stage received diode laser photocoagulation. Nineteen(83%) of the 23 eyes that underwent laser photocoagulation had a favorable respons. Retinopathy of prematurity, however progressed to stage 4 in 2 eyes and stage 5 in 2 eyes. Two eyes in stage 4 achieved retinal reattachment after retinal buckling operation, but two eyes in stage 5 did not achieved retina1 reattachment. Regarding complications, one eye had retinal hemorihagic spot and one had presumed Bruch's membrane rupture. All infants had been followed up for minimum of 6 months. The results suggest that diode laser photocoagulation is an effective method in treatment of ROP, technically easier to administer without significant complication.
Bruch Membrane ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Lasers, Semiconductor* ; Light Coagulation* ; Ophthalmoscopes ; Oxygen ; Retinaldehyde ; Retinopathy of Prematurity* ; Rupture