Fibronectin(FN) is a major component of the extracellular matrix and is able to bind to cells and other components of the matrix. Although the cell producing the largest amounts of fibronectin is fibroblast, the pro duct,ion on FN also has been described in cultured keratinocyt,e and epithelial tumor cells of basal cell carcinoma(BCC). Recently, functional role nf FN in relation to biologic behavior of BCC and squamous cell carcinoma(SCC) is open to speculation. The authors investigated the localization of FN in the lesional skin of 5 cases of BCC, 4 of SCC, 5 of psoriasis and 5 normal skin using direct immunofluorescence technique with antifibronectin antibody to find out the production of FN in keratinocytes and tumor cells. 1. In the skin of BCC, FN was presented in a thick, linear depositions along the margin of tumor lobules in all cases, and as fillamentous deposits or scattered points in the nest of tumor cells in 3 cases. 2. In the skin of SCC, FN was presented in a thin, coarse depositions around the margin of tumor but not presented within the tumor nest in all cases. R. In psoriasis, FN was observed in horney layer and upper part of epidermis. It was presented more abundantly in dermo-epidermal junction, papillary and reticular dermis than in normal skin. 4. In normal skin, FN was absent in the epidermis but presented in dermo-epidermal junction and blood vessel wall of upper dermis, the amount of FN was decreased from papillary to lower dermis.
Blood Vessels ; Carcinoma, Basal Cell* ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Dermis ; Epidermis ; Extracellular Matrix ; Fibroblasts ; Fibronectins* ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Direct ; Keratinocytes ; Psoriasis* ; Skin*

No abstract available.
Breast* ; Female ; Humans ; Milk, Human*

No abstract available in English.
Classification ; Polydactyly

BACKGROUND: One of the main disadvantages of caudal block is the long latent period before a satisfactory blockade is obtained. Many investigators have used various preparations of local anesthetic solutions to improve the speed of onset. This study was performed to evaluate the effectiveness of prewarming of lidocaine HCl for caudal block. METHODS: Fifty healthy young patients (ASA I) were allocated into two groups, A and B. In group A, the local anesthetic solution were injected at room temperature (25 degrees C), while in group B, they were injected at 37oC. All the caudal block were performed using 2% lidocaine HCl 20 ml with fentanyl 100ug and epinephrine 1:200,000. The onset time was defined as the period from completion of injection until the patient first noticed loss of sensation to pin-prick on perianal region. Assessment of sensory loss was made at 15 seconds interval. We have compared the onset of sensory blockade between groups. The duration of analgesia and any significant side effects were also recorded. RESULTS: The onset of sensory blockade was significantly faster in group B (3.5 +/- 0.5 minutes) than group A (6.2 +/- 0.9 minutes). The duration of analgesia were not significantly changed between groups. Side effects of urinary retention, pruritus and nausea were noted between both groups but the difference was not significant. CONCLUSIONS: We have found that the onset time was 44% faster with warm lidocaine-fentanyl mixture (37 degrees C) than with the room temperature (25 degrees C). The improved clinical usefulness was achieved with no increase in side effects. The technique is a safe and effective method to reduce the latency of onset.
Analgesia ; Epinephrine ; Fentanyl ; Humans ; Lidocaine ; Nausea ; Pruritus ; Research Personnel ; Sensation ; Urinary Retention

Even though various kinds of diagnostic and therapeutic measures have been used for the detection and cure of the acute osteomyelitis, this disease is difficult to be eradicated in many clinical cases. However it is rather easy to treat once this disease can be detected in early stage. So far radiological examination and many kinds of maneuvers including blood culture, clinical laboratory, xeroradiography, computed tomography have been performed for the early detection of this disease but invalid in the most cases. Recently some authors reported that the bone scanning was useful for the early detection of acute osteomyelitis, but this method also had difficulty in differential diagnosis and uncertaninty of its activity. This study aims to try to find methods of early detection of acute osteomyelitis. Experimental osteomyelitis was developed by the inoculation of Staphylococcus aureus to proximal tibias of 39 young rabbits already sclerosed by solution of sodium morrhuate. By comparing the clinical, radiological, bacteriological and laboratory findings in sequence from 2 days to 7 weeks after inoculation, the following results were obtained. 1. The incidence of experimental osteomyelitis after inoculation of staphylococcus aureus SNUH-S-188 in suspension of 1×10(7) colony forming units was 84%, 74%, and 79% in radiological, blood culture and pathologic examination respectively. 2. The leucocytosis was noticed only in early stage and slight degree of anemia was found during the 1st and 2nd weeks after inoculation. The sedimentation rate was increased only in early acute stage and same was eosinophil count. The leucocyte alkaline phosphatase(LAP) and platelet count. showed no significant abnormal changes. 3. Lymphocyte and eosinophil turned over from normal and eosinophil was predominant in experimental osteomyelitis. 4. Serum calcium, phosphorus, total protein and albumin showed significant decrease in all stages and was conversely paralle1 to changes in groin temperature. The level of BUN was normal indicating normal kidney function in experimental osteomyelitis. 5. Even though the enzymes of which showed no significant changes enrolled alkaline phosphatase and serumgluiamicoxalic-transaminase(S-GOT), but some increa.e was attained to 27% and 44% respectively. 6. It is important and significant to find continuous increase of lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine phosphokinase (CPK) since 48 hours after inoculation and author, think these will be the reliable and sensitive indices in early detection of the development of osteomyelitis and efficacy of therapeutic measures.
Alkaline Phosphatase ; Anemia ; Calcium ; Creatine Kinase ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Eosinophils ; Groin ; Incidence ; Kidney ; Lymphocytes ; Methods ; Osteomyelitis ; Oxidoreductases ; Phosphorus ; Platelet Count ; Rabbits ; Sodium Morrhuate ; Staphylococcus aureus ; Staphylococcus ; Stem Cells ; Tibia ; Xeroradiography

Photoplethysmography(PPG) employs an infrared light-emitting diode to transmit light into the skin noninvasively. Light reflected from blood cells is received by a photocell or phototrotransistor which permits recording of the pulsatile cutaneous microcirculation. The use of PPG for vascular measurements in extremities is not new. Since Hertzmann, in 1938, first described the technique to measure skin blood flow, a few investigators have used PPG for clinical application. However, experimental reports on the photoplethysmographic assessment of blood flow after arterial reanastomosis are rare. We assessed the changes of blood flow after reanastomosis of the femoral artery in rabbits using photoplethysmography. We divided 20 rabbits into 3 experimental groups. In Group I, the femoral artery was surgically exposed and clamped for 60 minutes. In Group II, the femoral artery was surgically exposed and clamped, as in Group I, and then severed and anastomosed crudely in order to creat thrombus formation. In Group IU, the femoral artery was prepared as Group II and then anastomosed carefully to ensure patency. Blood flow was measured by photoplethysmography on the anteromedial aspect of the right hind leg, every 15 minutes for the fisrt 2 hours, at the 3rd day, I week, and II weeks post-operatively. The following results were obtained l. After the removal of vascular clamp, the mean time for the pulse wave to return to normal form was 63±24.0 minutes in Group I and 63±18.7 minutes in Group III. There was no statistically significant difference beween the two groups. When the wave form was normalized, it remained so continuously. 2. After the removal of vascular clamp, the mean time for the wave amplitude to return to normal was 108±11.2 minutes in Group I and 102±16.4 minutes in Group III. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups. 3. The thrombosis which obstructed blood flow was formed within the first 60 minutes(mean time: 49±12.4 minutes) in all the animals in Group II. When the thrombosis was formed, it was readily detected by the change of wave form and by decrease in amplitude. 4. It is concluded from this experiments the changes of blood flow after reanastomosis of the femoral artery in rabbits were accurately assessed by PPG. It is suggested that PPG can be used clinically in monitoring blood flow after arterial reanastomosis.
Animals ; Blood Cells ; Extremities ; Femoral Artery ; Humans ; Leg ; Microcirculation ; Photoplethysmography ; Rabbits ; Research Personnel ; Skin ; Thrombosis

In order to assess the biocompatibility of domestic dynamic compression plates and screws manufactured at KAIST (Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technclogy), hematological, serological, histological, and metallurgical studies were carried out on sixty rabbits through thirty-two weeks. The rabbits were divided into two groups, group I: thirty rabbits for KAIST plates and screws, group II: thirty rabbits for Osteo plates and screws. The plate and screws were fixed on the fixed tibial shaft. All the resulg of hematological, serological, histological, and metallurgical study revealed that there were no meaningful differences between the two groups. This, in fact, enco.urages us to use domestic KAIST plates and screws clinically and to develop more complicated designs including total joint replacement system.
Animal Experimentation ; Animals ; Joints ; Rabbits ; Stainless Steel

The cell cycle is composed of G1, S, G2 and M phase. The transitions between different phases are regulated at checkpoint such as Start(restriction), S phase and mitotic checkpoint. These checkpoints are regulated by specific cyclins and Cdks(cyclin-dependent kinases). Especially, Start checkpoint in late G1 is though to be very important in control of cell cycle. In this study, it was shown various CDKN2(p16ink4A) alteration, including deletions, mutations, down regulations, and performed differential expression of p53, Cdk4, PCNA and pRb in stomach cancer tissues. 1. The frequency of CDKN2 mutations was not observed in the 19 primary stomach cancer tissues. In contrast to the mutations of CDKN2, mRNA levels was showed by Northern blot analysis that expression of CDKN2 was absent or decreased in 10 of the 19(53%) primary stomach adenocarcinoma. Western blot analysis was performed to determine the differential expression of p53, Cdk4, PCNA related to Start checkpoint. Overexpression of p53 was shown 38%, Cdk4 was expressed in all each specimens, and expression of PCNA was not shown. 2. As the other method to determine the differential expression of p53, Cdk4, PCNA and pRb, immunohistochemical analyses were performed on each 14 formalin-fixed and paraffin embedded tumor tissues of stomach adenocarcinoma. p53 overexpression was showed to clear nuclear staining only in tumor cells not in nonneoplastic cells. In staining for cdk4, the tumor was considered to be cdk4 positive if there was nuclear staining in tumor cells, regardless of cytoplasmic staining. PCNA staining for carcinoma tissues showed more intense nuclear staining in tumor cells than in nonneoplastic cells. pRb overexpression was show in tumor cells. Significant differences were observed in the expression of the proteins among the cancers from different anatomic site. Overexpression of adenocarcinomas had high rate of p53(57.1%) and pRb(71.4% ), and low late of cdk4(7.1% ) and PCNA(14.3% ), As these results, deletion of CDKN2 gene in human stomach cancer was not observed but mRNA expression was down regulated in restriction checkpoint, G1 phase. Inactivation of the CDKN2 gene due to hypermethylation may play an important role in development of cancer. And one of the abnormalities in p53, Cdk4, PCNA or pRb function occurs very common in various cancers, especially oral adenocarcinoma, osteosarcoma and squemous cell carcinoma, suggest that components in restriction checkpoint also play an critical role in the carcinogenesis and progression of cancers.
Adenocarcinoma ; Blotting, Northern ; Blotting, Western ; Carcinogenesis* ; Cell Cycle ; Cell Division ; Cyclins ; Cytoplasm ; G1 Phase Cell Cycle Checkpoints ; Genes, p16 ; Humans ; M Phase Cell Cycle Checkpoints ; Osteosarcoma ; Paraffin ; Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen ; RNA, Messenger ; S Phase ; Social Control, Formal ; Stomach ; Stomach Neoplasms

Primary sarcomas of the liver are rare. A case of primary malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the liver is reported. A 55-year-old male was admitted with epigastric pain. An abdominal computed tomographic scan disclosed a 10cm, low-density area in the left lobe of the liver. Histological examination of the resected tumor showed bundles of spindle cells arranged in a storiform pattern. In some areas, many bizarre giant cells were scattered. Immunohistochemically, tumor cells were positive for alpha 1-antitrypsin and alpha 1-antichymotrypsin, and weakly positive for vimentin. The tumor cells did not express cytokeratin, desmin or alpha fetoprotein.
alpha 1-Antichymotrypsin ; alpha 1-Antitrypsin ; alpha-Fetoproteins ; Desmin ; Giant Cells ; Histiocytoma, Malignant Fibrous* ; Humans ; Keratins ; Liver* ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Sarcoma ; Vimentin

No abstract available.
Depression* ; Humans