This case was an acquired aplastic anemia patient who required a major operation for excision of a mediastinal mass. The authors previewed that the coagulation abnormalities would be developed due to major operation. Thus we decided to monitoring the coagulation function using the thromboelastography during the perioperative period and checked the complete blood count, concommitantly. The total blood volume lost during operation was 1800 ml, so we gave him a transfusion of 10 U's of platelet concentrate, 10 U's of pheretic platelet rich plasma and 5 U's of whole blood. The thromboelastography was a good guide that helped us to avoid excessive treatment of the coagulation abnormalities. We concluded that the thromboelastograhy was a reliable and effective monitoring system at the intraoperative coagulation management.
Anemia, Aplastic* ; Anesthesia, General ; Blood Cell Count ; Blood Platelets ; Blood Volume ; Humans ; Perioperative Period ; Platelet-Rich Plasma ; Thrombelastography

Congenital dislocation of the knee is a very rare condition and was first described by Chatelaine in 1822. The etiology of this condition is unknown. It is generally subclassified as simple hyperextension, subluxation, and dislocation, depending on the degree of the joint displacement and the severity of disease. There are a large of associated conditions that have been described, the most common of which are congenital dislocation of the hip, club foot, arthrogryposis, and Larsen's syndrome. The mainstay of treatment is early serial rnanipulation and splinting. Operative treatment was indicated whenever conservative treatment did not lead to satisfactory reduction. The authors experienced a case of congenital hyperextension of left knee associated with the calcaneovalgus deformity of both foot. Early closed treatment obtanied a successful reduction and satisfactory knee motion.
Arthrogryposis ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Dislocations ; Foot ; Hip ; Joints ; Knee* ; Splints

Postoperative endophthalmitis has been greatly improved over the past decade by the use of improved medical therapy and the use of vitrectomy. However, the appropriate use of the different treatment modalities and the appropriate time of vitrectomy in the treatment of postoperative endophthalmitis remains controversial. We have experienced consecutive endophthalmitis following 2 cases of cataract surgery, 1 case of glaucoma filtering surgery with cataract operation and 1 case of secondary posterior chamber intraocular lens(PCL) implantation. We report the presumed cause of endophthalmitis and its therapeutic results. 1. Four of five patients who underwent cataract and combined glaucoma surgery were detected Pseudomonas aeruginosa and its infective cause presumed to be the I and A Kit of phacoemulsifier(Cavltron Kelman 8000). 2. More severe 3 of 4 patients who developed postoperative endohthalmitis were treated with vitrectomy and mild 1 patient was treated medically. 3. At the time of follow-up(mean, 11 months), the final corrected average visual acuity of 20/30 was achieved.
Cataract ; Endophthalmitis* ; Filtering Surgery ; Glaucoma ; Humans ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa ; Visual Acuity ; Vitrectomy

The treatment of scar contracture has a relatively long history in the department of plastic surgery. Flap surgery, including Z-plasty and skin graft has been a common surgical modality for the treatment of scar contracture. However, the 'deficiency' of the tissue is basically responsible for the limitations of this treatment. The concept of tissue expansion has contributed to the solution of tissue deficiency and thus tissue expansion is currently widely used for various purposes in plastic and reconstructive surgery. Nevertheless, tissue expansion has not yet clearly solved the problems in cases of seven deficiency of surrounding normal tissues, or in cases of multiple and diffuse scar contracture. We have tried to 'expand the scar tissue' to overcome these limitations. The authors 'several decades of experience in tissue expansion has taught us to find the usefulness of incidentally expanded scar tissues. Thirty-one patients with scar contracture urderwent expansion of surrounding normal and/or scar tissues, including 5 cases of pure scar tissue expansion. The postoperative results were satisfactory with a minimal complication rate. In conclusion, scar tissue expansion was usefully applicable for the scar contracture with no surrounding normal tissues. Scar tissue could be expanded safely and sufficiently, designed to various flaps, and the flap survival was reasonable. The functional and aesthetic quality of the scar tissue seems to improve following tissue expansion. In addition, meticulous planning is essential from the initial operation, including the area of expander insertion, flap design considering the aesthetic unit and functional aspect.
Cicatrix* ; Contracture* ; Humans ; Skin ; Surgery, Plastic ; Tissue Expansion* ; Transplants

The TRAM flap provides the safe creation of a durable, soft, natural-appearing breast mound and has thus become the most popular method of breast reconstruction. On the other hand, the rectus muscle can be used as a good donor site for a flap reconstruction in trauma or osteomyelitis cases on the lower extremity. The abdominal sequelae, including abdominal wall dysfunction after free rectus muscle transfer, was evaluated. Thirty-seven patients underwent free TRAM (n=29) or rectus abdominis muscular free flap(n = 8) operations between 1994 and 1997. In harvesting of the TRAM flap, a muscle-splitting technique was used and thus one-quarter of the muscle was preserved. In rectus muscular free flap, the entire width of the rectus abdominis muscle was harvested. Among the 37 patients, 26 patients (20 free TRAM flap and 6 rectus muscular free flap) were studied, for they were followed up postoperatively for at least 6 months and had provided preoperative data of abdominal strength. Cosmetic results of the abdomem were appraised by four independent judges on photographs taken of 26 patients. The global appearance of the abdomen was rated as "natural" in 75%. The scar on the umbilicus and lower abdomen was rated as acceptable or not visible in 65%. The replies to questionnaires were analyzed Patient self-assessment showed general satisfaction. In 24 of 26 answers, they said they would recommend the operation to others, and 70% of the patients found their abdominal strength and sports ability the same or improved. Thirty percent of the patients complained that back pain developed or became aggravated after surgery. Abdominal muscular strength was tested both preoperatively and 6 months to 1 year period after surgery according to Lacote. The abdominal wall function was impaired, especially in the upper rectus and external oblique muscle. In conclusion even though the abdominal sequelae after free TRAM or rectus muscular free flap reconstruction should not be urderestimated, no problem of clinical significance was encountered, and patients showed a high degree of satisfaction with the operation
Abdomen ; Abdominal Wall ; Back Pain ; Breast ; Cicatrix ; Female ; Free Tissue Flaps* ; Hand ; Humans ; Lower Extremity ; Mammaplasty ; Osteomyelitis ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Rectus Abdominis* ; Self-Assessment ; Sports ; Tissue Donors ; Umbilicus

Nowadays shoulder ultrasound is commonly used in the assessment of shoulder diseases and is as accurate as magnetic resonance imaging in the detection of several pathologies. Operator dependence is the main disadvantage of shoulder ultrasound. After adhering to a strict examination protocol, good knowledge of normal anatomy and pathologic processes and an awareness of common pitfalls, it can be used as a focused examination providing rapid, real-time diagnosis, and treatment by ultrasound-guided interventions in desired clinical situations. Also shoulder ultrasound can help the surgeon decide whether treatment will be surgical or nonsurgical. If arthroscopy is planned, sonographic findings help to counsel patients regarding surgical and functional outcomes. If a nonsurgical approach is indicated, ultrasound can be used to follow patients. This review article presents the examination techniques, the normal sonographic appearances and the main pathologic conditions found in shoulder ultrasound. And also addresses a simplified approach to scanning and ultrasound-guided intervention. Knowledge of optimal techniques, normal anatomy, dynamic maneuvers, and pathologic conditions is essential for optimal performance and interpretation of images.
Arthroscopy ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Pathologic Processes ; Pathology ; Shoulder* ; Ultrasonography*

Postoperative endophthalmitis has been greatly improved over the past decade by the use of improved medical therapy and the use of vitrectomy. However, the appropriate use of the different treatment modalities and the appropriate time of vitrectomy in the treatment of postoperative endophthalmitis remains controversial. We have experienced consecutive endophthalmitis following 2 cases of cataract surgery, 1 case of glaucoma filtering surgery with cataract operation and 1 case of secondary posterior chamber intraocular lens (PCL) implantation. We report the presumed cause of endophthalmitis and its therapeutic results. 1. Four of five patients who underwent cataract and combined glaucoma surgery were detected Pseudomonas aeruginosa and its infective cause presumed to be the I and A Kit of phacoemulsifier (Cavltron Kelman 8000). 2. More severe 3 of 4 patients who developed postoperative endohthalmitis were treated with vitrectomy and mild 1 patient was treated medically. 3. At the time of follow-up (mean, 11 months), the final corrected average visual acuity of 20/30 was achieved.
Cataract ; Endophthalmitis* ; Filtering Surgery ; Follow-Up Studies ; Glaucoma ; Humans ; Lenses, Intraocular ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa ; Visual Acuity ; Vitrectomy

No abstract available.
Hepatitis B virus* ; Hepatitis B* ; Hepatitis*

No abstract available.
Hepatitis B virus* ; Hepatitis B* ; Hepatitis*

The postnatal development of somatostatin [SOM]- and neuropeptide Y[NPY]- immunoreactive[ir] neurons were examined in rat cerebral cortex considering their coexistence in cortical neurons. Using double immunohistochemical staining for SOM and NPY with diaminobenzidine and benzidine dihydrochloride as chromogens, we subdivided immunoreactive cells into double-labeled SOM/NPY-, SOM only-, and NPY only-ir neurons. Interestingly, SOM/NPY- and SOM only-ir neurons were detectable even at the day of birth, in contrast to NPY only-ir cells which first appeared in most cortices from two weeks of age. The morphological features of double-labeled SOM/NPY neurons were not identical to those SOM only- and NPY only-ir neurons. No apparent changes in the shape and size of single-labeled neurone occurred with age ; throughout their postnatal life they were round and ovoid, had a thin rim of perinuclear cytoplasm, and short processes. In contrast, the features of SOM/NPY-ir neurons were not consistent during postnatal life. By day P7, these neurons showed immature features ; they began to show more advanced neuronal characteristics by week P2, when they had a larger and more intensely-stained cytoplasm. In addition, their processes were longer, thicker and more complex than at earlier ages. At this age, SOM/NPY-ir somata were close to their maximum size. From week P4, they became smaller and were lightly labeled. SOM/NPY-ir somata were larger than SOM only- and NPY only-ir somata at and after two weeks of age. The present results showing different postnatal maturation patterns such as time of appearance and morphological features suggest that double-labeled SOM/NPY and single-labeled neurons might be different populations regulated by different mechanisms in their development, and with different functional properties during development.
Animals ; Cerebral Cortex* ; Cytoplasm ; Neurons* ; Neuropeptide Y* ; Neuropeptides* ; Parturition ; Rats* ; Somatostatin*