Among the twenty-six carotid-cavernous fistulas(CCFs) admitted to Yeungnam University Hospital from Nov. 1985 to Apr. 1994, we managed successfully by a intraoperative embolization of the cavernous sinus through the superior ophthalmic vein in two cases, which were not occluded the fistula site by the percutaneous transarterial and transvenous embolization. We exposed the cavernous sinus epidurally through the pterional approach and embolized the cavernous sinus with Surgical through the small opening at the junction of the superior ophthalmic vein entering the cavernous sinus. The surgical results were excellent.
Cavernous Sinus ; Fistula* ; Veins

PURPOSE: Multiparametric flow cytometry is a powerful tool for analyzing the phenotypic, cell kinetic and ploidy heterogeneity of tumor cell populations. But there are major problems such as inaccurate results by the contribution of non-neoplastic cell contamination and the substantial spectral overlap of PI (propidium iodide) into PE (phycoery- thrin) fluorescent emissions on a standard flow cytometer. Recent studies suggested that the emission spectral overlap from PI into PE could be sufficiently compensated electrically and the cytokeratin, a marker for epithelial tumor cells, are successfully used in conjunction with DNA specific dye so as to obtain DNA profiles selectively for cytokeratin-positive tumor cells. The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility that multiparametric analysis in heterogeneous cell populations of cell lines like solid tumors, which were stained triply with PE, fluorescein isothiocyanate FITC, and PI, can be done without any influences by the contaminated normal diploid cell populations and without spectral overlap between fluorochromes on a standard flow cytometer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: MCF-7 cell lines and heterogeneous cell populations mixed with MCF-7 cells and human peripheral blood lymphocytes were fixed with 1% paraformal- dehyde and permeabilized with 100% methanol. Cytokeratin was labeled with PE and some proliferat!on-associated markers were labeled with FITC, which were followed by DNA staining by PI. These triply stained cells were measured on a standard FACScan flow cytometer equipped with 488 nm single laser and those acquired data were analyzed with WinList 3.0 and ModFit LT software programs on personal computor. RESULTS: Coefficient of variation (CV) of GoG1> peak of MCF-7 cells alone was 4.3. GoG1, S, and G2M phase fractions were 44.9%, 45.9%, and 9.2% respectively. FITC, PE and PI fluorochromes could be detected without any interference between them. CVs of GoG1 peak of PBL and MCF-7 cells in those heterogeneous population were 2.3 and 4.2 respectively. The DNA index of MCF-7 cells was 1.7. MCF-7 cells expressed the cyto- keratin, PCNA, p53, c-erbB/2 and c-myc antigen and in contrast, PBL did not express cytokeratin. The cell cycle phase fractions and oncoprotein expressions could be detected separately in diploid PBL and aneuploid MCF-7 cells in the mixed cell population without any influences by each other. CONCLUSION: These results suggested that the cellular antigen expressions of the malignant cells can be analyzed selectively without influences of fluorescent signals from nonneo- plastic cells. The neoplastic tumor subpopulations are clearly identified on the basis of both ploidy status and antigen expressions. The positive cytokeratin expressions indicate that they were derived from the epithelium, providing objective evidence of the tissue of origin and more precise analysis of DNA contents, ploidy, and oncogene expressions selectively with possible correlation between them. Thus, this method offers new possibilities for multiparameter flow cytometric analysis in the heterogeneous solid tumor cell populations.
Aneuploidy ; Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Cell Cycle ; Cell Line* ; Diploidy ; DNA ; Epithelium ; Flow Cytometry* ; Fluorescein* ; Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate ; Fluorescent Dyes ; Humans ; Keratins ; Lymphocytes ; MCF-7 Cells ; Methanol ; Oncogenes ; Phycoerythrin* ; Plastics ; Ploidies ; Population Characteristics ; Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen ; Propidium*

Microwaves may induce effect and damage on nervous tissue, either by thermal or mon-thermal mechnisms. EEGs were checked in left frontal lobe before and after irradiation of microwave at frequency of 2.45 GHz in 18 Rabbits. In results, mean total power of EEG was slightly decreased after irradiation of microwave. And mean composition percentage of delta wave was decreased and mean composition percentages of theta, alpha and beta wave were increased after irradiation in observation for 7 days. That mean decrease of electrophysiologic activity and trend of fast wave in brain after irradiation of microwave.
Brain ; Electroencephalography* ; Frontal Lobe ; Microwaves* ; Rabbits