PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether there is the significant difference in the parameters associated with the optic nerve head between HRT and OCT. We also evaluated the influence of a tilted optic disc, temporal neural rim loss and peripapillary atrophy, in high myopia particularly. METHODS: Two hundred and sixty-eight eyes of 147 patients evaluated HRT and OCT disc analysis, were enrolled retrospectively to evaluate differences in common parameters (e.g., disc area, cup area, CD area ratio, rim area, and rim volume) among the two examination, using a paired t-test. RESULTS: Disc area, cup area and CD area ratio were greater when measured by OCT than HRT. Rim area and volume were smaller by OCT measures than by HRT. There was no difference in disc area and cup area of the high myopia group, but measures of CD area ratio were greater in OCT. Rim area and volume had higher measures in HRT of patients with high myopia. CONCLUSIONS: Because HRT and OCT analyze different optic nerve heads, the common parameters of HRT cannot be applied to OCT. In the high myopia group, tilted optic disc was not different between the two examinations, but OCT was superior in detecting the problem of temporal rim loss and an RPE margin that had been worrisome according to peripapillary atrophy was not a serious problem according to OCT.
Atrophy ; Humans ; Myopia ; Optic Disk ; Retina* ; Retrospective Studies ; Tomography, Optical Coherence*

PURPOSE: Corneal transplantation is ultimately required in progressed keratoconus, although initial treatment involves a non-surgical method. We attempted to explore the time point at which corneal transplantation becomes necessary by comparing of postoperative astigmatism and corneal endothelial cells between hydrop and non-hydrop groups. METHODS: Among keratoconus patients who received corneal transplantation between January 2000 and January 2003 from one surgeon, postoperative Sim K, astigmatism, endothelial cells and visual acuity were checked and compared with preoperative data in 20 hydrops eyes and 16 non-hydrops eyes. Finally we evaluated the correlation of postoperative astigmatism with preoperative astigmatism and decreased corneal thickness. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in postoperative Sim K, astigmatism, visual acuity, or endothelial cell reduction rate between the two groups, and the correlation of postoperative astigmatism with large preoperative astigmatism and thin cornea was also not significant. CONCLUSIONS: There is no prognostic difference between eyes undergoing penetrating keratoplasty prior to and after the development of hydrops. Based on our results, keratoconus should be treated conservatively until corneal transplantation becomes inevitable.
Astigmatism* ; Cornea ; Corneal Transplantation ; Edema ; Endothelial Cells* ; Humans ; Keratoconus* ; Keratoplasty, Penetrating* ; Visual Acuity

PURPOSE: We report one case of primary giant lipogranuloma in the whole upper lid. CASE SUMMARY: A 37-year-old man with a left whole upper lid mass that developed 3 months prior to admission visited our hospital. Biopsy was performed, and lipogranuloma was diagnosed. We attempted to remove the lesion by non-surgical local triamcinolone injection with no effect, so we finally removed the lipogranuloma by surgical resection. In the postoperative histological findings, the upper lid mass showed variously sized multiple cystic spaces surrounded by macrophage infiltration and fibrosis consistent with lipogranuloma. CONCLUSIONS: We report the first case of primary giant lipogranuloma in the upper eyelid in Korea. We considered repeated intralesional triamcinolone injections to be a better treatment method than surgical resection. Final surgical resection might be more effective, however, after an intralesional steroid injection to reduce the size of the lipogranuloma.
Adult ; Biopsy ; Eyelids ; Fibrosis ; Humans ; Korea ; Macrophages ; Triamcinolone

PURPOSE: We report one case of primary giant lipogranuloma in the whole upper lid. CASE SUMMARY: A 37-year-old man with a left whole upper lid mass that developed 3 months prior to admission visited our hospital. Biopsy was performed, and lipogranuloma was diagnosed. We attempted to remove the lesion by non-surgical local triamcinolone injection with no effect, so we finally removed the lipogranuloma by surgical resection. In the postoperative histological findings, the upper lid mass showed variously sized multiple cystic spaces surrounded by macrophage infiltration and fibrosis consistent with lipogranuloma. CONCLUSIONS: We report the first case of primary giant lipogranuloma in the upper eyelid in Korea. We considered repeated intralesional triamcinolone injections to be a better treatment method than surgical resection. Final surgical resection might be more effective, however, after an intralesional steroid injection to reduce the size of the lipogranuloma.
Adult ; Biopsy ; Eyelids ; Fibrosis ; Humans ; Korea ; Macrophages ; Triamcinolone

PURPOSE: To compare the accuracy and clinical usefulness of various devices by measuring axial length, keratometry, and white-to-white. METHODS: In 64 eyes of 56 cataract patients, axial length was measured using Galilei™, Lenstar®, and A-scans, and keratometry was measured using Galilei™, Lenstar®, and ARK. In 86 eyes of 74 cataract patients, white-to-white was measured using Galilei™ and Lenstar®. RESULTS: The average axial length measurements using Galilei™, Lenstar®, and A-scans were significantly correlated (p < 0.001), but without a statistically significant difference (p = 0.611). The 95% agreement range was the smallest at 0.22 mm for the Lenstar® and A-scans. The average mean K using Galilei™, Lenstar®, and ARK were significantly correlated (p < 0.001), but without a statistically significant difference (p = 0.657). The 95% agreement range was relatively small at 1.83 D for Lenstar® and ARK. The average white-to-white using Galilei™ and Lenstar® were significantly correlated (p < 0.001), with a statistically significant difference (p = 0.011). The 95% agreement range was 2.20 mm. CONCLUSIONS: Axial length, keratometry, and white-to-white measured by different devices were highly correlated and were not statistically different; however, agreement was low between measurements. It is therefore important to consider these findings when using them equally.
Cataract ; Humans

PURPOSE: We report a case of ectopic adenoid cystic carcinoma developed on the nasal orbital side adjacent to the nasal cavity. METHODS: A 60-year-old man developed progressive right ocular proptosis and pain for 3 years. The patient had undergone regular medical examination in a hospital but eventually visited our hospital due to aggravated symptoms. Orbit MRI and CT showed a 24 x 36 x 17 mm-sized lower signal mass on the medial side of the right medial rectus muscle and also showed erosion of the orbital bone in the superior and medial orbital walls. An endoscopic biopsy was done after transferring him to the ENT department. A frozen section of the tissue in the operating room showed no malignant evidence, and the mass was excised by endoscopic surgery. The permanent pathological result was adenoid cystic carcinoma. The authors recommended orbital exenteration, but the patient refused the procedure and was seen in follow-up visits after receiving chemotherapy and radiologic therapy. Some orbital mass remained in the posterior orbital area immediately directly after endoscopic excision. The patient underwent his first session of Cyberknife radiosurgery therapy after concurrent chemotherapy and radiologic therapy. CONCLUSIONS: Ectopic adenoid cystic carcinoma should be considered as a differential diagnosis of nasal orbital mass lesions.
Adenoids* ; Biopsy ; Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic* ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Drug Therapy ; Exophthalmos ; Follow-Up Studies ; Frozen Sections ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Middle Aged ; Nasal Cavity ; Operating Rooms ; Orbit* ; Radiosurgery

PURPOSE: We report a case of periocular necrotizing fasciitis originating from dontogenic infection. CASE SUMMARY: A 53-year-old man, who had suffered from severe periodontitis one week prior, visited our clinic due to a 2-day history of rapidly progressing left mandibular and periorbital swelling and pain. By the time of his visit, he had lost vision in the left eye and had moderate swelling, expression of pus, and skin explosion with necrotizing discoloration of the left lid and lower facial area. MRI of the orbits revealed soft tissue necrosis, gas accumulation, and subperiosteal abscess formation of the left orbit. CONCLUSIONS: Through the diagnosis of necrotizing fasciitis originating from an odontogenic infection, the proper administration of antibiotics and surgical management were achieved. As a result, we were able to preserve the eye.
Abscess ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Explosions ; Eye ; Fasciitis, Necrotizing ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Necrosis ; Orbit ; Periodontitis ; Skin ; Suppuration ; Vision, Ocular

BACKGROUND: North Korea's economic and public health problems began in the early 1990s as a result of the gradual loss of economic support from its communist allies, combined with an inordinate number of natural disasters. The decline in public health has increased the incidence of tuberculosis in North Koreans and refugees. This study investigated tuberculosis situation in North Korean refugees in order to prepare for the future impact of tuberculosis control in Korea. MATERIAL AND METHODS: From 2001 to 2005, tuberculosis patients among North Korean refugees who were diagnosed before or after arriving in South Korea, based on the official records of OO hospital, were enrolled in this study. The demographic and clinical data of the cases were evaluated retrospectively. RESULTS: A total of 42 TB cases were reviewed during the study period. Of these, 37 (88.1%) cases were pulmonary TB. based on the cases identified among the number of North Korean refugees' arriving each year, the annual incidence of pulmonary TB were 900 per 100,000 in 2004, 700 in 2003, The number of smear-positive patients was 20 (47.6%) and the number of culture-positive patients was 18 (42.9%). Of the M. tuberculosis isolates, 2 cases were found to be susceptible to all anti-TB drugs available, 4 were resistant to isoniazid, and 3 were multi-drug resistant. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of pulmonary TB in North Korean Refugees is high. In addition, North Korean refugees suffer from more severe tuberculosis in bacteriological and radiological aspects.
Disasters ; Humans ; Incidence ; Isoniazid ; Korea ; Prevalence ; Public Health ; Refugees* ; Retrospective Studies ; Tuberculosis*

PURPOSE: In pars plana vitrectomy for macular hole, internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling, fluid-gas exchange, prone position for more than one week are generally needed. However, the authors modified these surgical procedures. After vitrectomy, we performed ILM peeling with Indocyanine green (ICG) dye and fluid air exchange and kept the patient prone position for one day. We then compare the clinical results and analyze possible factors affecting surgical outcomes. METHODS: Data were reviewed from a retrospective study on Group I, form whom vitrectomy, fluid gas exchange, and ILM peeling without ICG were completed, and on Group II, for whom vitrectomy, fluid air exchange, and ILM peeling with ICG were completed. We evaluated the anatomical and functional success statistically. RESULTS: The anatomical success rate was 79% and 94% and the functional success rate was 42% and 88% in groups I and II respectively. Furthermore, preoperative visual acuity significantly affected the visual outcome. CONCLUSIONS: Without having to maintainl face-down position for a long time, successful anatomical and functional outcomes were obtained through fluid air exchange and prone position for one day. This result suggests that complete ILM peeling with ICG shortens the required duration of tamponade and allows for less stringent maintenance of face-down position.
Humans ; Indocyanine Green ; Membranes ; Prone Position ; Retinal Perforations* ; Retrospective Studies ; Visual Acuity ; Vitrectomy

Leiomyosarcoma are malignant mesenchymal tumors usually found in the uterus, retroperitoneaum, gastrointestinal tract, or deep soft tissue. They do however, rarely occur as primary skin tumors. Metastases from a leimyosarcoma to skin are unusual. We report a case of metastatic leiomyosarcoma on the scalp. A 47-year -old female had hysterectomy following diagnosis of leiomyosarcoma 17 months ago. She presented with an 8 months history of a solitary nontender nodule on the scalp. The histological examination revealed a well demarcated, quite high cellular tumor nodule in the deep dermis . A tumor was usually composed of spindle cells with abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm and elongated, blunt ended nuclei. Some other cells showed pleomorphic nuclei and mitotic figures. Immunohistopathological staining of smooth muscle actin was positive. A diagnosis of metastatic leiomyosarcoma was made on histological and immunohistopathological findings.
Actins ; Cytoplasm ; Dermis ; Diagnosis ; Eosinophils ; Female ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; Humans ; Hysterectomy ; Leiomyosarcoma* ; Muscle, Smooth ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Scalp* ; Skin ; Uterus