PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether there is the significant difference in the parameters associated with the optic nerve head between HRT and OCT. We also evaluated the influence of a tilted optic disc, temporal neural rim loss and peripapillary atrophy, in high myopia particularly. METHODS: Two hundred and sixty-eight eyes of 147 patients evaluated HRT and OCT disc analysis, were enrolled retrospectively to evaluate differences in common parameters (e.g., disc area, cup area, CD area ratio, rim area, and rim volume) among the two examination, using a paired t-test. RESULTS: Disc area, cup area and CD area ratio were greater when measured by OCT than HRT. Rim area and volume were smaller by OCT measures than by HRT. There was no difference in disc area and cup area of the high myopia group, but measures of CD area ratio were greater in OCT. Rim area and volume had higher measures in HRT of patients with high myopia. CONCLUSIONS: Because HRT and OCT analyze different optic nerve heads, the common parameters of HRT cannot be applied to OCT. In the high myopia group, tilted optic disc was not different between the two examinations, but OCT was superior in detecting the problem of temporal rim loss and an RPE margin that had been worrisome according to peripapillary atrophy was not a serious problem according to OCT.
Atrophy ; Humans ; Myopia ; Optic Disk ; Retina* ; Retrospective Studies ; Tomography, Optical Coherence*

PURPOSE: Corneal transplantation is ultimately required in progressed keratoconus, although initial treatment involves a non-surgical method. We attempted to explore the time point at which corneal transplantation becomes necessary by comparing of postoperative astigmatism and corneal endothelial cells between hydrop and non-hydrop groups. METHODS: Among keratoconus patients who received corneal transplantation between January 2000 and January 2003 from one surgeon, postoperative Sim K, astigmatism, endothelial cells and visual acuity were checked and compared with preoperative data in 20 hydrops eyes and 16 non-hydrops eyes. Finally we evaluated the correlation of postoperative astigmatism with preoperative astigmatism and decreased corneal thickness. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in postoperative Sim K, astigmatism, visual acuity, or endothelial cell reduction rate between the two groups, and the correlation of postoperative astigmatism with large preoperative astigmatism and thin cornea was also not significant. CONCLUSIONS: There is no prognostic difference between eyes undergoing penetrating keratoplasty prior to and after the development of hydrops. Based on our results, keratoconus should be treated conservatively until corneal transplantation becomes inevitable.
Astigmatism* ; Cornea ; Corneal Transplantation ; Edema ; Endothelial Cells* ; Humans ; Keratoconus* ; Keratoplasty, Penetrating* ; Visual Acuity

PURPOSE: We report one case of primary giant lipogranuloma in the whole upper lid. CASE SUMMARY: A 37-year-old man with a left whole upper lid mass that developed 3 months prior to admission visited our hospital. Biopsy was performed, and lipogranuloma was diagnosed. We attempted to remove the lesion by non-surgical local triamcinolone injection with no effect, so we finally removed the lipogranuloma by surgical resection. In the postoperative histological findings, the upper lid mass showed variously sized multiple cystic spaces surrounded by macrophage infiltration and fibrosis consistent with lipogranuloma. CONCLUSIONS: We report the first case of primary giant lipogranuloma in the upper eyelid in Korea. We considered repeated intralesional triamcinolone injections to be a better treatment method than surgical resection. Final surgical resection might be more effective, however, after an intralesional steroid injection to reduce the size of the lipogranuloma.
Adult ; Biopsy ; Eyelids ; Fibrosis ; Humans ; Korea ; Macrophages ; Triamcinolone

PURPOSE: We report one case of primary giant lipogranuloma in the whole upper lid. CASE SUMMARY: A 37-year-old man with a left whole upper lid mass that developed 3 months prior to admission visited our hospital. Biopsy was performed, and lipogranuloma was diagnosed. We attempted to remove the lesion by non-surgical local triamcinolone injection with no effect, so we finally removed the lipogranuloma by surgical resection. In the postoperative histological findings, the upper lid mass showed variously sized multiple cystic spaces surrounded by macrophage infiltration and fibrosis consistent with lipogranuloma. CONCLUSIONS: We report the first case of primary giant lipogranuloma in the upper eyelid in Korea. We considered repeated intralesional triamcinolone injections to be a better treatment method than surgical resection. Final surgical resection might be more effective, however, after an intralesional steroid injection to reduce the size of the lipogranuloma.
Adult ; Biopsy ; Eyelids ; Fibrosis ; Humans ; Korea ; Macrophages ; Triamcinolone

PURPOSE: We report a case of ectopic adenoid cystic carcinoma developed on the nasal orbital side adjacent to the nasal cavity. METHODS: A 60-year-old man developed progressive right ocular proptosis and pain for 3 years. The patient had undergone regular medical examination in a hospital but eventually visited our hospital due to aggravated symptoms. Orbit MRI and CT showed a 24 x 36 x 17 mm-sized lower signal mass on the medial side of the right medial rectus muscle and also showed erosion of the orbital bone in the superior and medial orbital walls. An endoscopic biopsy was done after transferring him to the ENT department. A frozen section of the tissue in the operating room showed no malignant evidence, and the mass was excised by endoscopic surgery. The permanent pathological result was adenoid cystic carcinoma. The authors recommended orbital exenteration, but the patient refused the procedure and was seen in follow-up visits after receiving chemotherapy and radiologic therapy. Some orbital mass remained in the posterior orbital area immediately directly after endoscopic excision. The patient underwent his first session of Cyberknife radiosurgery therapy after concurrent chemotherapy and radiologic therapy. CONCLUSIONS: Ectopic adenoid cystic carcinoma should be considered as a differential diagnosis of nasal orbital mass lesions.
Adenoids* ; Biopsy ; Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic* ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Drug Therapy ; Exophthalmos ; Follow-Up Studies ; Frozen Sections ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Middle Aged ; Nasal Cavity ; Operating Rooms ; Orbit* ; Radiosurgery

PURPOSE: To compare the accuracy and clinical usefulness of various devices by measuring axial length, keratometry, and white-to-white. METHODS: In 64 eyes of 56 cataract patients, axial length was measured using Galilei™, Lenstar®, and A-scans, and keratometry was measured using Galilei™, Lenstar®, and ARK. In 86 eyes of 74 cataract patients, white-to-white was measured using Galilei™ and Lenstar®. RESULTS: The average axial length measurements using Galilei™, Lenstar®, and A-scans were significantly correlated (p < 0.001), but without a statistically significant difference (p = 0.611). The 95% agreement range was the smallest at 0.22 mm for the Lenstar® and A-scans. The average mean K using Galilei™, Lenstar®, and ARK were significantly correlated (p < 0.001), but without a statistically significant difference (p = 0.657). The 95% agreement range was relatively small at 1.83 D for Lenstar® and ARK. The average white-to-white using Galilei™ and Lenstar® were significantly correlated (p < 0.001), with a statistically significant difference (p = 0.011). The 95% agreement range was 2.20 mm. CONCLUSIONS: Axial length, keratometry, and white-to-white measured by different devices were highly correlated and were not statistically different; however, agreement was low between measurements. It is therefore important to consider these findings when using them equally.
Cataract ; Humans

Kikuchi's disease(Histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis) is an idiopathic, self-limiting disease typically affecting cervical lymph nodes in young adults. Cutaneous involvement has been reported in 16-40%. We report a case of Kikuchi's disease in 10-year-old female that showed asymptomatic erythematous papules on the face accompanied by cervical lymphadenopathy. The histopathologic examination of the skin revealed diffuse dermal lymphohistiocytic infiltrate, a large amount of nuclear dust with absence of neutrophils, which is characteristic of Kikuchi's disease. In general, histopathologic findings of skin biopsy show a mirror image of that of lymph nodes involved in Kikuchi's disease. Therefore, it is important to recognize cutaneous manifestations of this entity, because we can avoid invasive lymph node biopsy. if skin lesions involved show typical histopathologic findings of Kikuchi's disease.
Biopsy ; Child ; Dust ; Female ; Histiocytic Necrotizing Lymphadenitis* ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; Lymphatic Diseases ; Neutrophils ; Skin ; Young Adult

Amyloidosis is a disorder of protein metabolism characterized by the extracellular deposition of abnormal protein fibrils. We report a case of macular amyloidosis due to nylon towel on his back. A 61-year-old male presented with asymptomatic hyperpigmented macules on the scapulae for 6 years. He had a habit of scrubbing his back for many years with a rough nylon towel while taking a bath. The histologic examination revealed liquefaction degeneration and homogenous eosinophilic deposition in the papillary dermis. In Congo red, amyloid material stained positively and in anti-keratin antibody staining. He had neither clinical nor laboratory evidence of systemic amyloidosis. A diagnosis of friction amyloidosis was made on histological and immunohistopathological findings.
Male ; Humans

PURPOSE: We report a case of orbital B-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma in a 7-year-old boy. METHODS: A 7-year-old boy presented with proptosis and periorbital swelling of his left eye following a periorbital blunt trauma 1-month prior. During the course of routine ophthalmologic and radiologic examinatinos, the swelling spontaneously subsided without specific treatment. An outpatient follow-up was planned, but the swelling recurred 6 months later. An orbital CT and MRI showed an irregular mass with an indistinct margin in the left orbit, for which an incisional biopsy was performed. RESULTS: The orbital mass consisited of monotonous small to medium sized lymphoid cells with evenly dispersed open chromatin, thin nuclear membrane and inconspicuous nucleoli. Immunohistochemistry revealed that the cells were positive for CD79a and TdT, but negative for CD3 and CD5. These findings were compatible with a diagnosis of B cell lymphoblastic lymphoma. CONCLUSIONS: Lymphoblastic lymphoma of the orbit should be suspected and considered in the differential diagnosis for children with acutely progressing orbital mass.
B-Lymphocytes* ; Biopsy ; Child ; Chromatin ; Diagnosis ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Exophthalmos ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Lymphocytes ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Nuclear Envelope ; Orbit* ; Outpatients ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma*

Hemichorea-hemiballsim has been reported as a rare Implication of nonketotic hyperglycemia. Recently, Some reports revealed that brain magnetic resonance images of nonketotic hyperglycemic patients with hemichorea-hemiballism showed characteristic contralateral striatal signal abnormality, We present six patients with hemichorea-heniiballism. All of them had diabetes mellitus and performed brain MR images. The MR images of them showed high signal intensity on Tl-weighted images and low signal intensity on T2 weighted images in the striatum contralateal to the involuntary movement. In general, the striatal high signal intensity on TI weighted images are presumed to have developed following hemorrhagic transformation, osmotic myelinolysis, or mild ischemia with reversible deposition of calcium or other material occurred in association with nonketotic hyperglycemia. However the precise mechanism of this signal change is not clear yet and needs pathological confirmation.
Brain ; Calcium ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Dyskinesias ; Humans ; Hyperglycemia ; Ischemia