Pulse oximetry is a noninvasive, continuous monitoring of arterial oxygenation and provides rapid detection of perioperative hypoxemia. However, many factors give a factitious reading of hemoglobin desaturation, some of these are vital dyes. Many authors report intravenous administration of vital dyes gave a transient factitious reading of hemoglobin desaturation, but few report peritumoral injection of vital dyes giving a spurious reading of hemoglobin desaturation. 1% Isosulfan blue dye has often been used for evaluation of the sentinel lymph node in breast cancer surgery. We report a case of spurious reading of a hemoglobin desaturation on a pulse oximetry following a peritumoral injection of 1% isosulfan blue dye in a patient with breast cancer.
Administration, Intravenous ; Anoxia ; Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Coloring Agents ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; Oximetry* ; Oxygen

The authors have experienced a case of an arachnoid cyst within the cervical canal. The patient suffered from right upper extremity pain and numbness for 1 month. On cervical MRI, intradural extramedullary mass was detected. A total laminectomy of C5, C6 and C7 was performed. We could diagnose by radiological and pathological findings.
Arachnoid* ; Humans ; Hypesthesia ; Laminectomy ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Spinal Canal* ; Upper Extremity

The authors have experienced a case of an arachnoid cyst within the cervical canal. The patient suffered from right upper extremity pain and numbness for 1 month. On cervical MRI, intradural extramedullary mass was detected. A total laminectomy of C5, C6 and C7 was performed. We could diagnose by radiological and pathological findings.
Arachnoid* ; Humans ; Hypesthesia ; Laminectomy ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Spinal Canal* ; Upper Extremity

BACKGROUND: The kidney size is important in differentiating many renal diseases. Some studies have been reported about the normal kidney size in the foreign countries. However, no studies were performed by using ultrasonography in Korea. Therefore, we investigated the normal kidney length, the factors affecting the kidney length and the relationship of each other. METHODS: One thousand three hundred eighty eight healthy Koreans were scanned for the kidney length by ultrasonography and were measured for their body index(height, weight, body surface area, total body water, and fat free mass). We analyzed the association between kidney length and body index. RESULTS: Eight hundred four male and five hundred eighty four female were involved in this study and their mean age was 47.8+/-10.3 in male, 48.1+/-9.5 in female. 1) The average value of left and right kidney was 10.65+/-0.80cm, 10.50+/-0.78cm respectively, and the left kidney was greater than right one(P<0.01). 2) The difference between male and female was 10.77+/-0.79cm, 10.49+/-0.78cm respectively in the left kidney and 10.66+/-0.76cm, 10.27+/-0.75cm in the right kidney(P<0.01). 3) The aging process nearly does not affects the kidney size from 4th decade to 7th decade. However, the kidney size is getting smaller after 8th decade. 4) The correlation coefficient between the kidney size and height, weight, body surface area, total body water, fat free mass was 0.37, 0.41, 0.43, 0.37, 0.38(P<0.01) respectively. CONCLUSION: The kidney length showed normal distribution in normal Korean adult and the length greater than 12.36cm, smaller than 8.76cm means out of its range of normal(+/-2SD) irrespective of sex and position. The body surface area has the largest correlation with kidney size in both sex(r=0.38/0.44; left/right, P<0.01).
Adult* ; Aging ; Body Surface Area ; Body Water ; Body Weight ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney* ; Korea ; Male ; Ultrasonography*