No abstract available.
Animals ; Ischemia* ; Kidney* ; Rats* ; Reperfusion*

A case of isolated Crohn's disease of appendix is reported. It is a rare disease which commonly mimics the symptoms of acute appendicitis. Review of 221 identical cases previously reported in the world literature revealed slight male predominance(1.17:1) and peak age of incidence in the third decade(24.3 yrs). In contrast to typical Crohn's disease, the rate of postoperative fistula and recurrence was minimal; 1.0% and 3.8%, respectively. Due to these differences, many consider it to be a separate disease entity from Crohn, and a new diagnostic term - "Idiopathic Granulomatous Appendicitis" - has gained wide acceptance in recent years.
Appendicitis* ; Appendix* ; Crohn Disease* ; Fistula ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Rare Diseases ; Recurrence

Endometriosis in the abdominal wall following Cesarean section is one of the very rare condition among the extrapelvic endometriosis. Although benign, endometriosis possesses the unique ability to invade tissue and to disseminate or metastasize by hematogeneous, lymphatic route, or direct implantation. We reported the case with brief review of the literature.
Abdominal Wall* ; Cesarean Section* ; Endometriosis* ; Female ; Pregnancy

No abstract available.
Humans ; Pregnancy, Twin* ; Twins*

Purpose: To evaluate the proportion of bevacizumab and the reason for its usage in wet age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Methods: Retrospective analysis of medical records was performed for 1,541 patients who received ranibizumab, aflibercept, or bevacizumab injection to treat wet AMD. The proportion of bevacizumab among the entire set of injections was identified. The reason for selecting bevacizumab was additionally identified. Results: During the study period, a total of 2,929 anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) injections were performed; 2,236 (76.3%) were ranibizumab or aflibercept injections and 693 (23.7%) were bevacizumab injections. The most common reason for bevacizumab usage was ‘having a 0.1 or worse best-corrected visual acuity or being unable to assure reimbursement due to the development of extensive scarring or geographic atrophy’ (297 bevacizumab injections, 42.9%). The second most common reason was ‘the inability to assure reimbursement such as extrafoveal choroidal neovascularization (CNV) or early CNV without definite fluid in the foveal region’ (201 bevacizumab injections, 29.0%). Conclusions Bevacizumab was used in 23.7% of the anti-VEGF injections to treat wet AMD. When analyzing patients’ treatment burden and financial impact, the results of the present study may provide useful information. Further multi-center studies are required to evaluate more precisely the usage of anti-VEGF drugs.

Purpose: To evaluate the proportion of bevacizumab and the reason for its usage in wet age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Methods: Retrospective analysis of medical records was performed for 1,541 patients who received ranibizumab, aflibercept, or bevacizumab injection to treat wet AMD. The proportion of bevacizumab among the entire set of injections was identified. The reason for selecting bevacizumab was additionally identified. Results: During the study period, a total of 2,929 anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) injections were performed; 2,236 (76.3%) were ranibizumab or aflibercept injections and 693 (23.7%) were bevacizumab injections. The most common reason for bevacizumab usage was ‘having a 0.1 or worse best-corrected visual acuity or being unable to assure reimbursement due to the development of extensive scarring or geographic atrophy’ (297 bevacizumab injections, 42.9%). The second most common reason was ‘the inability to assure reimbursement such as extrafoveal choroidal neovascularization (CNV) or early CNV without definite fluid in the foveal region’ (201 bevacizumab injections, 29.0%). Conclusions Bevacizumab was used in 23.7% of the anti-VEGF injections to treat wet AMD. When analyzing patients’ treatment burden and financial impact, the results of the present study may provide useful information. Further multi-center studies are required to evaluate more precisely the usage of anti-VEGF drugs.

Purpose: To evaluate 24-month outcomes of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) treatment in polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV). Methods: Retrospective review of medical records was performed for 34 patients (34 eyes) who were diagnosed with PCV. The best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was measured before the injection and at 6, 12, and 24 months after the first injection. The value measured before treatment was compared with those measured after treatment. Results: The patients received mean 6.5 ± 2.1 intravitreal anti-VEGF injections during the 24-month follow-up period. The logarithm of minimal angle of resolution (logMAR) BCVA before the injection and at 6, 12, and 24 months after the first injections were 0.57 ± 0.32, 0.43 ± 0.29, 0.46 ± 0.33, and 0.62 ± 0.39, respectively. The BCVA was significantly improved at 6 and 12 months (p = 0.001 and p = 0.037, respectively). However, there was no significant difference between BCVA before the injection and 24 months (p = 1.000) after the first injection. At the 24-month follow-up, stable (< 2 logMAR lines of change) or improved (≥ 2 logMAR lines of improvement) BCVA was noted in 13 (38.2%) and 10 eyes (29.4%), respectively. Conclusions Anti-VEGF therapy was beneficial in maintaining long-term visual acuity in PCV. However, significant improvement in visual acuity was not noted.

Purpose: To compare visual outcomes over 6 months between intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy with or without pneumatic displacement in patients who were diagnosed with submacular hemorrhage secondary to polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV). Methods: This retrospective observational study included 12 eyes that underwent pneumatic displacement followed by anti-VEGF therapy (combined treatment group) and 17 eyes that underwent anti-VEGF monotherapy (anti-VEGF monotherapy group) for submacular hemorrhage secondary to PCV and were followed for at least 6 months. The best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was measured at diagnosis and at 1, 3, and 6 months. The BCVA at 6 months and degree of BCVA improvement during the 6 months of follow-up were compared between the 2 groups. Results: In the combined treatment group, the mean (± standard deviation) logarithm of minimal angle of resolution BCVA values at the defined periods were 1.40 ± 0.54, 1.08 ± 0.63, 0.83 ± 0.57, and 0.79 ± 0.64, respectively. In the anti-VEGF monotherapy group, the mean BCVAs were 1.48 ± 0.47, 1.31 ± 0.48, 1.13 ± 0.52, and 1.04 ± 0.67, respectively. BCVA was significantly improved in both the combined treatment group (p = 0.012) and the monotherapy group (p = 0.026). Neither the BCVA at 6 months nor the degree of improvement in the BCVA was different between the 2 treatment groups (p = 0.269 and p = 0.300, respectively). Conclusions No notable difference in efficacy was observed between intravitreal anti-VEGF therapy with or without pneumatic displacement in treating submacular hemorrhage secondary to PCV.

Childhood asymmetry labium majus enlargement (CALME) is a disctinctive clinicopathologic entity of pre- and early puberty first described in 2005. It is defined as an expansion of normal soft tissues of the vulva. Although CALME is not a rare lesion, it has been called lipoma, fibroma, hamartoma, and fibrous hyperplasia. CALME is not a true neoplasm and is a physiologic growth in response to hormone. It may tend to resolve spontaneously and recur after surgical resection. We report four cases of CALME with a review of the literature. To the best of the knowledge, this is the first Korean report.
Child ; Fibroma ; Hamartoma ; Humans ; Hyperplasia ; Hypertrophy ; Lipoma ; Puberty ; Vulva

PURPOSE: Antiphospholipid syndrome is a disorder of recurrent vascular thrombosis, recurrent abortion, thrombocytopenia, neurologic disorders associated with the elevation of antiphospholipid antibodies. The aim of our study was to characterize the patient profile and frequency of antiphospholipid syndrome in patients with deep vein thrombosis of the lower legs. METHOD: From January 1998 to December 1999, 25 patients with the lower leg swelling were classified according to their risk factors. Deep vein thrombosis was confirmed by radiologic diagnosis such as duplex ultrasonography or venography. The items for the identification of hypercoagulability were antithrombin III, protein-C, protein-S, lupus anticoagulant, anticardiolipin antibody (IgG). For the differential diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus, we tested antinuclear antibody and anti-dsDNA for the patients with positive results of antiphospholipid antibodies. Antiphospholipid syndrome was diagnosed according to its criteria. RESULT: Of the 25 patients with the lower leg swelling, 17 patents (68%) were revealed to have deep vein thrombosis. In that 17 patients, 8 patients showed hypercoagulabilities including 4 patients (24%) with positive test for lupus anticoagulant, 1 patient (6%) with combined multiple abnormalities of protein C and protein S deficiencies and lupus anticoagulant positivity, 2 patients (12%) with antithrombin III deficiencies, 1 patient (6%) with protein C deficiency, and there was no patient with IgG type anticardiolipin antibody positivity. According to the American Rheumatism Association criteria (ARA), there was no patient with systemic lupus erythematosus, but we could find out 1 patient (6%) who met the dagnostic criteria of antiphospholipid syndrome. CONCLLUSION: In our study, 6% (1of 17) of patient with the lower leg deep vein thrombosis revealed antiphospholipid syndrome. We described the clinical profile and diagnostic process of antiphospholipid syndrome in this study.
Abnormalities, Multiple ; Abortion, Habitual ; Antibodies, Anticardiolipin ; Antibodies, Antinuclear ; Antibodies, Antiphospholipid ; Antiphospholipid Syndrome* ; Antithrombin III ; Antithrombin III Deficiency ; Diagnosis ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G ; Leg ; Lupus Coagulation Inhibitor ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic ; Nervous System Diseases ; Phlebography ; Pregnancy ; Protein C ; Protein C Deficiency ; Protein S Deficiency ; Rheumatic Diseases ; Risk Factors ; Thrombocytopenia ; Thrombophilia ; Thrombosis ; Ultrasonography ; Venous Thrombosis*