This study compared the microshear bond strength (microSBS) of light-cured and dual-cured composites to enamel bonded with three self-etching adhesives. Crown segments of extracted human molars were cut mesiodistally, and 1 mm thickness of specimen was made. They were assigned to three groups by used adhesives: Xeno group (Xeno III), Adper group (Adper Prompt L-Pop), and AQ group (AQ Bond). Each adhesive was applied to cut enamel surface as per manufacturer's instruction. Light-cured (Filtek Z 250) or dual-cured composite (Luxacore) was bonded to enamel of each specimen using Tygon tube. After storage in distilled water for 24 hours, the bonded specimens were subjected to microSBS testing with a crosshead speed of 1 mm/minute. The mean microSBS (n = 20 for each group) was statistically compared using two-way ANOVA, Tukey HSD, and t test at the 0.05 probability level. The results of this study were as follows; 1. The microSBS of light-cured composite was significantly higher than that of dual-cured composite when same adhesive was applied to enamel. 2. For Z 250, the microSBS of AQ group (9.95 +/- 2.51 MPa) to enamel was significantly higher than that of Adper goup (6.74 +/- 1.80 MPa), but not significantly different with Xeno group (7.73 +/- 2.01 MPa). 3. For Luxacore, the microSBS of Xeno group (5.19 +/- 1.32 MPa) to enamel was significantly higher than that of Adper goup (3.41 +/- 1.19 MPa), but not significantly different with AQ group (4.50 +/- 0.96 MPa).
Adhesives* ; Crowns ; Dental Enamel* ; Humans ; Molar ; Water

No abstract available.
Choriocarcinoma* ; Female ; Ovary* ; Pregnancy

The purpose of this study was to compare the microleakage of low and high viscosity flowable resins in class V cavities applied with 1-step adhesives. Forty class V cavities were prepared on the cervices of buccal and lingual surfaces of extracted molar teeth and divided into four groups (n=8). Cavities were restored with AQ Bond Plus/Metafil Flo alpha, G-Bond/UniFil LoFlo Plus (Low flow groups), AQ Bond Plus/Metafil Flo and G-Bond/UniFil Flow (High flow group), respectively. Specimens were immersed in a 2% methylene blue solution for 24 hours, and bisected longitudinally. They were observed microleakages at the enamel and dentinal margins. In conclusion, the low viscosity flowable resins showed lower marginal microleakage than do the high viscosity flowable resins in class V cavities.
Dental Enamel ; Dentin ; Dentin-Bonding Agents ; Methylene Blue ; Molar ; Tooth ; Viscosity

Cortical laminar necrosis has been rarely observed in osmotic demyelination syndrome. We report a 32-year-old female patient who became comatose after the rapid correction of hyponatremia. There were high signal intensities in the pons and bilateral deep gray nuclei on T2-weighted MRI images, and linear hyperintensities along the cerebral cortices on T1-weighted images with a diffuse gyriform enhancement. MR spectroscopic findings showed a decrease of the N-acetyl aspartate peak and an increase in those of the lipid and lactate complex. The case demonstrates that a severe form of osmotic demyelination syndrome accompanying cortical laminar necrosis can result from the rapid correction of hyponatremia.
Adult ; Aspartic Acid ; Cerebral Cortex ; Coma ; Demyelinating Diseases* ; Female ; Humans ; Hyponatremia ; Lactic Acid ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Necrosis* ; Pons

No abstract available.
Saliva*

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to examine the psychiatric characteristics of outpatients with tinnitus. METHODS: A total of 88 subjects were included in this study. According to Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI) scores, the subjects were classified into two group ; a mild tinnitus symptoms (mild-tinnitus) group and a severe tinnitus symptoms (severe-tinnitus) group. A questionnaire was used for an assessment of demographic characteristics, and the THI, the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) about tinnitus, the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) are applied for evaluation of other clinical psychiatric characteristics. RESULTS: Higher THI scores were positively correlated with tinnitus course, the number of accompanying symptoms, and the VAS. BDI total scores, BDI factors, and BAI total scores were significantly higher in the severe-tinnitus group than in the mild-tinnitus group. Also suicidal ideation, interpersonal problems, sleep problems, occupational impairment, and fatigue were significantly higher in the severe-tinnitus group than in the mild-tinnitus group. CONCLUSIONS: Tinnitus is a common disorder of hearing which is associated frequently with psychiatric problems. This study suggests that psychiatric interventions should be taken into consideration in the treatment of patients suffering from tinnitus.
Anxiety ; Depression ; Fatigue ; Hearing ; Humans ; Outpatients ; Suicidal Ideation ; Tinnitus*

This study evaluated the influence of application time of self-etching primers on microtensile bond strength (microTBS) to dentin using three self-etching primer adhesive systems. Dentin surfaces were exposed from forty-eight human molars. They were conditioned with three self-etching primers (Clearfil SE Bond [SE], Unifil Bond [UF], Tyrian SPE + One Step Plus [TY]) and different primining times (10s, 20s, 30s and 40s). Composite resins were bonded to dentin surfaces and specimens were made. microTBS was tested and statistically compared using by one-way ANOVA and Tukey's Test The results of this study presented that priming time for 10s in SE and UF groups and for 30s and 40s in TY group was highly decreased microTBS to dentin.
Adhesives ; Composite Resins ; Dentin* ; Humans ; Molar

BACKGROUND: The standard PCR with sequence-specific primers (SSP) is a widely used method of HLA-B27 typing in clinical practice. The aim of our study was to evaluate 2 Korean HLA-B27 kits with different real-time PCR chemistries. METHODS: To validate the accuracy of real-time PCR kits, we selected 28 HLA-B27-positive samples and 33 HLA-B27-negative samples with a wide range of different HLA-B specificities typed by standard PCR-SSP. The 2 real-time PCR kits used were the AccuPower(R) HLA-B27 real-time PCR kit (Bioneer, Korea) with TaqMan probes and the Real-Q(TM) HLA-B*27 detection kit (BioSewoom, Korea) with SYBR Green I dye for melting curve analysis. RESULTS: All 61 samples typed by PCR-SSP demonstrated a perfect concordance with the 2 real-time PCR assays. It was possible to clearly discriminate between HLA-B27-positive and -negative samples in both real-time assays. CONCLUSIONS: In summary, both real-time PCR assays for HLA-B27 were fast, reliable, well-adapted for routine laboratory testing, and attractive alternatives to the conventional PCR-SSP method.
HLA-B27 Antigen/*analysis ; Histocompatibility Testing/*methods ; Humans ; Organic Chemicals/chemistry ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Reagent Kits, Diagnostic ; Transition Temperature

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The vestibuloautonomic reflex controls respiration and blood pressure during locomotion. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of the peripheral vestibular receptor in the control of blood pressure in sinoaortic denervated (SAD) rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The baroreceptor reflex was removed by SAD in labyrinthectomized rats. The expression of c-Fos protein in the vestibular nuclear complex, and other nuclei related to control of blood pressure, was measured following the induction of acute hypotension using sodium nitroprusside (SNP). RESULTS: The SNP induced acute hypotension, in intact labyrinthine rats, increased the expression of c-Fos protein in the supraoptic nucleus, paraventricular nucleus, rostral ventrolateral medulla, solitary nucleus, and vestibular nuclear complex. The expression of c-Fos protein, following the SNP induced acute hypotension in the SAD rats, increased the expression of c-Fos protein in the paraventricular nucleus, rostral ventrolateral medulla, and medial and inferior vestibular nuclei. The acute hypotension induced by SNP in a unilateral labyrinthectomy, with SAD, increased the expression of c-Fos protein in the contralesional vestibular nuclear complex, but decreased its expression in the ipsilesional vestibular nuclear complex. The acute hypotension induced by SNP in a bilateral labyrinthectomy, with SAD, showed only slight expression of c-Fos protein in the bilateral vestibular nuclear complex. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the acute hypotension induced by SNP activates the vestibular nuclear neurons by decreasing the blood flow in the peripheral vestibular receptors, and that these in turn modulate blood pressure through activation of the catecholaminergic nervous system and neuroendocrine reflex.
Animals ; Baroreflex ; Blood Pressure* ; Hypotension ; Locomotion ; Nervous System ; Neurons ; Nitroprusside ; Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus ; Pressoreceptors ; Rats* ; Reflex ; Respiration ; Solitary Nucleus ; Supraoptic Nucleus ; Vestibular Nuclei

BACKGROUND: Left atrial thrombi(LAT) and spontaneous echo contrast(SEC) are known as major risk factors for thromboembolic complication in patients with mitral valvular heartdisease. Recent clinical introduction of transesophageal echocardiography(TEE) makes it possible to improve the diagnostic accuracy of these risk facors compared to conventional transthoracic echocardiography(TTE). The aims of the present study were to evaluate diagnostic accuracy of TEE for detection of LAT and to determine if clinical and echocardiographic variables can predict the presence of LAT and/or SEC at TEE. METHODS: From July 1991 to April 1993, both TTE and TEE were performed in 84 patients with mitral valvular heart disease before open heart surgery. The incidence and diagnostic accuracy of TTE and TEE for LAT detection were confirmed at surgery for mitral valve replacement in all cases. Biplane with 5.0 MHz transducer was used in TEE. The following clinical and transthoracic echocardiographic variables were analyzed:age, totoal or recent embolism, atrial fibrillation, left atrial dimension, ejection fraction, mitral valve area, and mitral regurgitation. RESULT: 1) THe sensitivity of TEE for detection of LAT was 100%, which was significantly higher than that of TTE(60.8%). There was no statistical difference in specificity of both techniques(98.3% vs 93.4%). In eleven patients (11/24,45.8%), LAT was confined to the left atrial appendage and TEE was far superior to TTE(sensitivity : 100% vs 27.2%) in detection of appendegeal thrombi. 2) SEC was found in 43 patients(51.2%). Patients with SEC had higher rates of LAT(p<0.001) and embolic episodes (p=0.001) than patients without SEC. There was no association between the severity of SEC and the embolic episodes. 3) Patients with SEC or LAT were characterized by more frequently associated with recent embolic episodes, smaller mitral valve orifice, abscence of mitral regurgitation than those without SEC and LAT. CONCLUSION: TEE is superior to TTE in detection of LAT and appendegeal thrombi. SEC is frequently noted in TEE and also strongly associated with left atrial blood stasis and left atrial thrombi in mitral valve disease.
Atrial Appendage ; Atrial Fibrillation ; Echocardiography ; Echocardiography, Transesophageal* ; Embolism ; Heart Valve Diseases* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Mitral Valve ; Mitral Valve Insufficiency ; Risk Factors ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Thoracic Surgery ; Thrombosis* ; Transducers