One hundred and thirty-eight strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolated from the 7th nationwide tuberculosis prevalence survey in 1995 were subjected to the restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis using IS6110 probe to define the representative fingerprinting patterns of Korean strains of M. tuberculosis and to evaluate the usefulness of DNA fingerprinting in tracing the transmission link of M. tuberculosis. Among 138 strains, 129 different IS6l10 RFLP types were identified. The number of bands in IS6110 RFLP types diversed from 1 to 20, and the majority (75%) was 9 to 14 bands. The RFLP patterns of 8 out of 15 strains isolated from the follow-up survey of one and half year later after the 7th national TB prevalence survey were unchanged when compared with previous RFLP patterns. Fifteen (11%) out of 138 strains were grouped in 6 IS6110 clusters; 2 with 10 copies, 2 with 12 copies, 1 with 14 copies, and 1 with 17 copies. These clusters were unable to be subclassified by IS1081 or (GTG) probes except one cluster by pTBN12 probe. The transmission links of 2 clusters were deducible; one from household and another from neighborhood, but those of remaining clusters were unclear because they had no contact one another. The results suggest that vigorous transmissions in tuberculosis are still progressing in Korea.
Dermatoglyphics ; DNA Fingerprinting* ; DNA* ; Family Characteristics ; Follow-Up Studies ; Korea ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis* ; Mycobacterium* ; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length ; Prevalence* ; Residence Characteristics ; Tuberculosis*

29 isoniazid (INH) resistant isolated strains and INH sensitive reference strain (H37Rv) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis were analysed by polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformational polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) and NciI restriction mapping for the detection of mutations in katG gene and inhA gene. The katG gene was divided into 3 parts (Akat, Bkat, Ckat; each part is about 800 bp) and amplified, inhA gene was amplified as a whole. Each of the amplified 800 bp DNA was digested into small fragments of less than 400 bp with restriction enzymes for the direct PCR-SSCP analysis. Firstly, 10 strains were analysed. All the 10 isolates showed clearly distinct SSCP patterns in Bkat from that of the reference strain, but only two isolates showed distinct SSCP patterns in Akat, and no isolated strain showed any distinct SSCP patterns in Ckat. 10 isolates also showed distinct SSCP patterns in inhA. NciI restriction mapping of Bkat showed mutation in codon 463 in 7 strains among 10 isolated strains. With these results an early detection strategy for the INH resistant M. tuberculosis was applied to the rest of 19 isolated INH resistant strains. Firstly, isolates were screened by Ncsl mapping in Bkat, and 13 strains showed mutations in codon 463. Secondly, the rest of 6 INH resistant isolates were analysed by PCR-SSCP with restriction enzyme digestion (PCR-SSCP-RE) in Bkat, and all the strains showed distinct SSCP patterns from that of the INH sensitive reference strain. This proved our strategy as effective and economic and time saving method in early detection of INH resistant M. tuberculosis.
Codon ; Diagnosis* ; Digestion ; DNA ; Isoniazid* ; Korea* ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis* ; Mycobacterium* ; Polymorphism, Single-Stranded Conformational ; Restriction Mapping ; Tuberculosis

HIV-1 p24 was cloned into multiple cloning site of pMV261, extrachromosomal expression vectors carrying BCG replication origin and BCG-specific heat-shock promoter, and then introduced into BCG and E. coli. Western blot experiments showed that the p24 efficiently expressed in recombinant BCG (rBCG), but not in E. coli. Recombinant p24 expression induced by a single heat-shock of rBCG was maintained longer than 3 weeks. Immunoblot experiments with intact rBCG did not show any distinctive positive signal, suggesting that the recombinant protein was not secreted or exposed at the surface of BCG. The guinea pigs immunized with live rBCG showed delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) by the systemic area as well as an effective humoral immunity, suggesting that tbis rBCG is believed to elicit eKcient immune responses against p24, even though the expression is restricted only in the cytoplasm as reported previously with other antigen. These results demonstrate that BCG can be developed as a live recombinant vaccine vector against a broad spectrum of infectious disease.
Animals* ; Blotting, Western ; Clone Cells ; Cloning, Organism ; Communicable Diseases ; Cytoplasm ; Guinea Pigs ; HIV* ; HIV-1 ; Hypersensitivity ; Immunity, Humoral ; Mycobacterium bovis* ; Replication Origin

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to ascertain the effects of preoperative information on postoperative state anxiety, plasma cortisol, and pain for patients under total knee arthroplasty, and to provide generic data with nursing intervention for total knee arthroplasty. METHODS: Data were collected from 34 patients who had total knee arthroplasty from January 3, 2003 to January 15, 2004. An experiment group of 17 patients was provided with pre-operative information prepared by the researchers; a control group of another 17 patients was provided with general information. Data were analyzed through Chi-squared test, t-test, paired t-test and ANCOVA using SPSS WIN 11.0. RESULTS: There was no significant differences between the experiment group and the control group in post operative state anxiety(p=.612). However, there was statistically a significant difference between the above two groups in post operative plasma cortisol(p=.012). There was a statistically significant difference between the above two groups in post operative pain(p=.041). CONCLUSION: According to the results of the study, the authors concluded that the preoperative information for patients under total knee arthroplasty had the effect on the decrease of postoperative plasma cortisol and pain.
Anxiety* ; Arthroplasty* ; Humans ; Hydrocortisone* ; Knee* ; Nursing ; Plasma

No abstract available.
Skin*

No abstract available.
Animals ; Lymphocyte Subsets* ; Lymphocytes* ; Rats*

A clinical observation was made of 14 cases of Wilms' tumor admitted to the Department of Urology, Keimyung University Medical College and Hospital during the period from January 1973 through May 1981. Clinical findings and therapeutic modalities with prognosis are summarized below: 1. The range in age is from 2 months to 11 years, average 3.9 years. 2. Common symptoms are painless palpable abdominal mass, abdominal pain and hematuria. 3. The characteristic urographic findings are as follows: Calyceal distortions in 7 cases, non-visualizing kidney in 3 cases and hydronephrosis in 2 cases. Lung metastases were noted in 5 cases on chest X-ray. 4. Clinical stages according to the National Wilms` Tumor Study criteria are as follows : Stage I in 6 cases. II in 1 case, III in 2 cases and IV in 5 cases. 5. Modalities of treatment are chiefly as follows: Nephrectomy only in 2 cases, Nephrectomy+radiation therapy in 2 cases, Nephrectomy+radiation therapy+single AMD course in 2 cages and Nephrectomy+multiple AMD & VCR course in 6 patients. 6. 2 and 1/2 year survival rates according to the clinical stages are as follows: Stage I 4/4 II 1/1 III 1/2 and IV 1/2. 7. 2 and 1/2 year survival rates according to the age groups are as follows : -2 years 4/4, 2 years - 5 years 0/2, and 5 years -2/3. 8. Side effects of multiple AMD & VCR courses are as follows: Vomiting 4, alopecia 4, leukopenia 2, anemia 1, abdominal pain 1, fever 1, Those were corrected with conservative treatment.
Abdominal Pain ; Alopecia ; Anemia ; Drug Therapy* ; Fever ; Hematuria ; Humans ; Hydronephrosis ; Kidney ; Leukopenia ; Lung ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Nephrectomy ; Prognosis ; Survival Rate ; Thorax ; Urology ; Vomiting ; Wilms Tumor*

No abstract available.
Tonsillectomy*

No abstract available.
Lithotripsy* ; Salivary Gland Calculi* ; Salivary Glands* ; Shock*

No abstract available.