1.Two cases of extramedullary plasmacytoma of head and neck.
Ki Yeub SEUL ; Sang Geun SIN ; Hyung Ju LEE ; Kyung Rak SHON
Korean Journal of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery 1993;36(6):1356-1362
No abstract available.
Head*
;
Neck*
;
Plasmacytoma*
2.Exploring Nursing Intention, Stress, and Professionalism in Response to Infectious Disease Emergencies: The Experience of Local Public Hospital Nurses During the 2015 MERS Outbreak in South Korea.
Namhee OH ; NamSoo HONG ; Dong Hee RYU ; Sang Geun BAE ; Sin KAM ; Keon Yeop KIM
Asian Nursing Research 2017;11(3):230-236
PURPOSE: This study aimed to examine levels of stress and professionalism of nurses who provided nursing care during the 2015 Middle East respiratory syndrome outbreak based on their experience, to investigate the nurses' intention to respond to possible future outbreaks in relation to their experience during the outbreak, and to determine the relationship between the outbreak experience and nursing intention considering stress and professionalism. METHODS: A self-administered questionnairewas designed based on modifications of related questionnaires, and used to assess levels of stress, professionalism, and nursing intention according to participants' experiences during the outbreak. Multiple regression analysiswas used to examine the relationship between the outbreak nursing experience and nursing intention considering stress and nursing professionalism. RESULTS: The overall stress, professionalism, and nursing intention scores for the firsthand experience group were 33.72, 103.00, and 16.92, respectively, whereas those of the secondhand experience group were 32.25, 98.99, and 15.60, respectively. There were significant differences in professionalism and nursing intention scores between the groups (p = .001 and p < .001, respectively). The regression analysis revealed that the regression estimate between stress and nursing intention was B(SE) = −0.08(0.02), beta = −0.21, p < .001 and the regression estimate between professionalism in nursing and nursing intention was B(SE) = 0.05(0.01), beta = 0.23, p < .001. CONCLUSIONS: Prior outbreak nursing experience was importantly associated with intention to provide care for patients with a newly emerging infectious disease in the future considering stress and professionalism. Gathering information about nurses' experience of epidemics and regular assessment of job stress and professionalism are required.
Communicable Diseases*
;
Communicable Diseases, Emerging
;
Coronavirus
;
Coronavirus Infections
;
Disease Outbreaks
;
Emergencies*
;
Hospitals, Public*
;
Humans
;
Intention*
;
Korea*
;
Nursing Care
;
Nursing*
;
Professionalism*
;
Stress, Psychological
3.Differences in Health Behaviors among the Social Strata in Korea.
Tae Ho YOON ; Ok Ryun MOON ; Sang Yi LEE ; Baek Geun JEONG ; Sin Jae LEE ; Nam Sun KIM ; Won Ki JHANG
Korean Journal of Preventive Medicine 2000;33(4):469-476
OBJECTIVES: To analyze differences in health behaviors among the social strata in Korea by using the 1995 National Health and Health Behavior Survey Data. METHODS: Study participants numbered 2,352 men and 1,016 women aged between 15-64 years old, with housewives, students and non-waged family workers excluded. Health behaviors in this study were defined according to the recommendations of the Alameda 7 study. The measure of health behaviors was based on the Health Practices Index(HPI; 0-5 range, with the exclusion of snacking between meals and regularly eating breakfast) developed by the Alameda County research. The significance of the relationship between social strata and HPI was assessed by considering the adjusted means from the multi-variate model. RESULTS: For men, incidence rates of never having smoked, no/moderate use of alcohol, regular exercise, and regular 7-8 hours sleep per night were higher in the upper social strata. Meanwhile, for women, incidence rates of never having smoked, no/moderate use of alcohol, appropriate weight, regular exercise, and regular 7-8 hours sleep per night were higher in the upper strata. HPI varied significantly among social strata in both sexes (p<0.001), a result which held true when adjusted for age, education, income, social insurance type, marital status and region. CONCLUSIONS: Health behaviors assessed by Health Practices Index(HPI) varied significantly among social strata for both sexes. Therefore, the existing gap in health behaviors among social strata can be corrected more effectively by target oriented health promotional activities.
Eating
;
Education
;
Female
;
Health Behavior*
;
Health Promotion
;
Humans
;
Incidence
;
Korea*
;
Male
;
Marital Status
;
Meals
;
Smoke
;
Snacks
;
Social Security
4.Socioeconomic Costs of Obesity for Korean Adults.
Baek Geun JEONG ; Ok Ryun MOON ; Nam Soon KIM ; Jae Heon KANG ; Tae Ho YOON ; Sang Yi LEE ; Sin Jae LEE
Korean Journal of Preventive Medicine 2002;35(1):1-12
OBJECTIVE: To estimate the socioeconomic costs of obesity in Korea, 1998. METHODS: The 1998 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1998 NHNES) data was used and 10,880 persons who had taken health examinations were selected for study. Essential hypertension, NIDDM (non insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus), dyslipidemia, osteoarthritis, coronary heart disease, stroke were included as obesity related disease. The data of direct costs of obesity was obtained from the National Federation of Medical Insurance. The category of indirect costs was the loss of productivity caused by premature death and admission, time costs, traffic costs, nursing fees due to obesity. Multiple logistic regression model was developed to estimate prevalence odds ratio by obesity class adjusted demographic and socio-ecnomic factors and calculate PAF (Population Attributable Fraction) of obesity on obesity related disease. And we finally calculated the socioeconomic costs of obesity in relation to BMI with PAF. RESULTS: The direct costs of obesity were 2,126 billion~965 billion Won in considering out of pocket payment to uninsured services, and the indirect costs of obesity were 2,099 billion~1,086 billion Won. Consequently, in considering out of pocket payment to uninsured services, the socioeconomic costs of obesity were 4,225 billion~2,050 billion Won, which corresponded to about 0.094% ~0.046% of GDP and 1.88%~0.91 of total health care costs in Korea. CONCLUSIONS: Obesity represents a major health problem with significant economic implications for the society. This results are conservative estimates as far as all obesity related disease and all health care and indirect costs were not included due to missing information. Further studies are needed to caculate socioeconomic costs of obesity more exactly.
Adult*
;
Coronary Disease
;
Delivery of Health Care
;
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
;
Dyslipidemias
;
Efficiency
;
Fees and Charges
;
Guanosine Diphosphate
;
Health Care Costs
;
Humans
;
Hypertension
;
Insurance
;
Korea
;
Logistic Models
;
Medically Uninsured
;
Mortality, Premature
;
Nursing
;
Nutrition Surveys
;
Obesity*
;
Odds Ratio
;
Osteoarthritis
;
Prevalence
;
Stroke
5.The Expression of C4d and CD20 in Graft Kidney with Acute Rejection.
Ji Hwan KIM ; Hyae Ju OH ; Young Ki SON ; Yong Ki PARK ; Yong Hun SIN ; Joong Kyung KIM ; Won Geun KANG ; Sang Su LEE ; Kill HUR ; Hee Kyung CHANG
The Journal of the Korean Society for Transplantation 2008;22(1):49-57
PURPOSE: The presence of C4d in peritubular capillaries (C4d (PTC)) as a diagnostic in-situ marker of acute humoral rejection and CD20 as marker of B-cell deposition in graft kidney has been reported to be related to steroid resistance and poor outcome. In this retrospective study, we evaluated the clinical significance of C4d and CD20 in allograft renal biopsies by immunohistochemistry technique. And we also evaluated the relationships between C4d and CD20 positive B lymphocytes. METHODS: We studied 22 patients who had been biopsied for suspected acute rejection. Biopsies were classified by updated Banff 97 criteria. Of the 22 cases, borderline rejection and Banff 1A were 11 cases respectively and no case had a vascular lesion. Paraffin sections were stained with monoclonal antibodies (anti-C4d and -CD20) using an immunohistochemistry technique and the results of immunohistochemistry were analyzed by clinical data. RESULTS: Of the 22 cases, 22.7% (5/22) showed diffuse and 40.9% (9/22) showed focal C4d positivity in peritubular capillaries. The grafts failed to survive in 20% (1/5) of the diffuse (P), 44.4% (4/9) of the focal, and 0% (0/8) of the negative group for 2 years since postbiopsies, however, the C4d staining was not statistically related to graft loss and graft survival rates (P=0.091, P=0.106 respectively). The C4d positivity was significantly related to the level of serum creatinine (P=0.042) and to steroid pulsing therapy resistance (P=0.030). However C4d deposition was not associated with recipient gender, age, type of donor (living vs deceased), HLA matching, induction, and Banff classification. On the CD20 immunostaining, 50.0% (11/22) showed negative reactivity, 9.1% (2/22) one nodule, 40.9% (9/22) 2 nodules. The presence and the number of CD20 positive nodules were not correlated to the C4d clinical data. But, the degree of C4d staining was statistically related with the presence of CD20 positive nodules (P=0.029). CONCLUSION: The peritubular capillary C4d is clinically important however, not likely a significant predictor of grafts survival rates in mild rejection. The clinical implication of CD20 positive B lymphocyte nodules in acute rejection was not demonstrated in this study. But, CD20 positive B lymphocyte may be a positive linkage with C4d and participate in humoral rejection.
Antibodies, Monoclonal
;
B-Lymphocytes
;
Biopsy
;
Capillaries
;
Creatinine
;
Graft Survival
;
Humans
;
Immunohistochemistry
;
Kidney
;
Lymphocytes
;
Paraffin
;
Rejection (Psychology)
;
Retrospective Studies
;
Survival Rate
;
Tissue Donors
;
Transplantation, Homologous
;
Transplants
6.Increasing Prevalence of Obesity Related Disease for Koreans Associated with Overweight and Obesity.
Nam Soon KIM ; Ok Ryun MOON ; Jae Heon KANG ; Sang Yi LEE ; Baek Geun JEONG ; Sin Jae LEE ; Tae Ho YOON ; Kyung Hwa HWANG
Korean Journal of Preventive Medicine 2001;34(4):309-315
OBJECTIVE: To develop a better understanding of the relationship between weight status and the prevalence of obesity related diseases in the Korean population. METHODS: The 1998 Korean National Health and Nutrition Survey was used and 10,880 persons who had previously taken health examinations were selected for study. The Korean Society for the Study of Obesity's classification of weight status was used. Hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, osteoarthritis, chronic heart disease, stroke were included as obesity related disease. A logistic regression model was developed to estimate the prevalence odds ratio by obesity class adjusted for demographic and socio-economic factors and we converted the odds ratio to a prevalence ratio using the base line prevalence of disease to aid in the interpretation of the ratios. RESULTS: The prevalence of obesity was 26.3% based on the KSSO classification (BMI> or =25). A graded increase in the prevalence ratio was observed with increasing severity of overweight and obesity for all health outcomes with the exception of chronic heart disease in men and stroke in both men and women. With normal weight individuals as the reference, for men who were younger than 50 years, the prevalence ratios were highest for hypertension BMI<23-25: 1.70(95% CI=1.41-2.05), 25
Adult
;
Classification
;
Diabetes Mellitus
;
Dyslipidemias
;
Female
;
Heart Diseases
;
Humans
;
Hypertension
;
Korea
;
Logistic Models
;
Male
;
Nutrition Surveys
;
Obesity*
;
Odds Ratio
;
Osteoarthritis
;
Overweight*
;
Prevalence*
;
Stroke
7.Change of Medical Utilization Claims in Self-employees before and after the Economic Crisis in Korea.
Sin Jae LEE ; Ok Ryun MOON ; Won Ki JHANG ; Soon Ae CHOI ; Sang Yi LEE ; Nam Soon KIM ; Baek Geun JEONG
Korean Journal of Preventive Medicine 2001;34(1):28-34
OBJECTIVES: To investigate the changing pattern of medical utilization claims following the economic crisis in Korea. METHODS: The original data consisted of the claims of the 'Medical insurance program of self-employees' between 1997 and 1998. The data was selected by medical treatment day ranging between 1 January and 30 June. Medical utilizations were calculated each year by the frequency of claims, visit days for outpatients, length of stay for inpatients, total days of medication, and the sum of expenses. RESULTS: The length of stay as an inpatient in 1998 was decreased 4.7 percent in comparison to 1997. However, inpatient expenses in 1998 increased 10.8 percent as compared to 1997. Inpatient hospital claims in 1998 increased 6.2 percent over 1997, although general hospital inpatient claims in 1998 decreased 3.3 percent in comparison to 1997. The outpatient claim frequency decreased 7.3 in 1998 percent as compared to 1997. Outpatient visit days of in 1998 were decreased 8.5 percent in comparison to that recorded in 1997. Outpatient claim frequencies of 'gu region' in 1998 decreased 10.5 percent comparison to that in 1997, but 'city and gun region' decreased less than 'gu region'. CONCLUSIONS: Medical utilization in 1998 deceased in relation to 1997. Medical utilization by outpatients decreased more than that of inpatients. Medical utilization by 'gu regio n' decreased more than the other regions.
Hospitals, General
;
Humans
;
Inpatients
;
Insurance
;
Korea*
;
Length of Stay
;
Outpatients
8.Variance of the COVID-19 occurrence in the community: influence on the emergency medical service and the survival of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients
Geun Chang KIM ; Sin Young KIM ; Jong Won KIM ; Dae Young HONG ; Kyeong Ryong LEE ; Kwang Je BAEK ; Sang O PARK
Journal of the Korean Society of Emergency Medicine 2023;34(2):96-104
Objective:
This study evaluates the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on emergency medical service (EMS) responses and out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) outcomes.
Methods:
This is a retrospective comparison study analyzing the OHCA data of a university medical center in Seoul during the COVID-19 pandemic period (January 2020-January 2021) and non-pandemic period (January 2019-January 2020). The EMS response time and OHCA outcomes were compared between both periods. Based on the weekly mean number of confirmed cases and their EMS response time, patients were classified into six groups and OHCA outcomes were compared.
Results:
This study evaluated 309 OHCA patients (non-pandemic period of 146, pandemic period of 163). Significant delays in the EMS response and transport time were observed during the pandemic period. However, no significant differences were obtained in the rate of return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) and survival at discharge (12.4% in pandemic vs. 13.8% in non-pandemic; P=0.722). According to the weekly mean COVID-19 incidence when patients were over 100, there was a significant increase in the EMS response and transport time, whereas ROSC and survival rate were dramatically decreased.
Conclusion
During the pandemic, the EMS service for OHCA patients was worse than before, with delayed and reduced survival for OHCA patients. We further determined that an increase in the number of COVID-19 cases (especially when weekly mean numbers were over 100) dramatically delayed the EMS response time. This resulted in a very low survival rate of OHCA patients.
9.The clinical usefulness of computed tomography findings as a prognostic factor for patients with acute pyelonephritis in emergency department.
Byeong Geun LEE ; Jong Won KIM ; Kyeong Ryong LEE ; Dae Young HONG ; Kwang Je BAEK ; Sang O PARK ; Sin Young KIM ; Jin Yong KIM
Journal of the Korean Society of Emergency Medicine 2018;29(3):259-266
OBJECTIVE: This study examined the efficacy of the computed tomography (CT) findings in the emergency department (ED) in predicting the clinical course and severity of acute pyelonephritis (APN). METHODS: This retrospective clinical study included APN patients in the ED. All participants diagnosed with APN had undergone a radiocontrast-enhanced CT evaluation. The radiocontrast-enhanced CT findings of APN revealed the typical findings, such as hypoperfusion on the kidney, extra-renal parenchymal findings, and renal abscess formation. The patients were classified into five groups based on the CT findings. The clinical parameters analyzed were the white blood cell (WBC) count, C-reactive protein (CRP) level, quick sepsis-related organ failure-assessment (qSOFA) score, need for vasopressor, length of stay, and admission to the intensive care unit (ICU). The relationships between the clinical parameters and the five groups based on the APN CT findings were assessed. RESULTS: Among the 264 patients, there were 225 female patients and the mean age of all patients was 57.9±20.5 years: group 1 (n=31), present renal abscess with APN; group 2 (n=118), both typical and extra-renal parenchymal findings; group 3 (n=49), only typical finding; group 4 (n=32), only extra-renal parenchymal findings; and group 5 (n=34), no APN finding on CT. The length of stay increased from groups 5 to 1. The WBC count and CRP level were worsen from groups 4 to 1, except for group 5. Statistically significant trends, such as the WBC count, CRP level and length of stay correlated with each group were observed (P < 0.001, P < 0.001, and P < 0.001). Statistically significant trends in ICU admission, use of vasopressor, and qSOFA score were also observed (P=0.022, P=0.003, and P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The specific CT findings of APN might be helpful for predicting the clinical severity and prognosis.
Abscess
;
C-Reactive Protein
;
Clinical Study
;
Emergencies*
;
Emergency Service, Hospital*
;
Female
;
Humans
;
Intensive Care Units
;
Kidney
;
Length of Stay
;
Leukocytes
;
Prognosis
;
Pyelonephritis*
;
Retrospective Studies
;
Tomography, Spiral Computed
10.Effects of Sedation Performed by an Anesthesiologist on Pediatric Endoscopy: a Single-Center Retrospective Study in Korea
Sung Min YANG ; Dae Yong YI ; Geun Joo CHOI ; In Seok LIM ; Soo Ahn CHAE ; Sin Weon YUN ; Na Mi LEE ; Su Yeong KIM ; Eung Sang CHOI
Journal of Korean Medical Science 2020;35(21):e183-
Background:
Endoscopy is used for diagnosing and treating various digestive diseases in children as well as in adults. However, in pediatric patients, it is recommended that sufficient sedation should be ensured before conducting endoscopy, since insufficient sedation may cause serious complications. However, in Korea, no studies have yet described the types of sedation drugs, effects of sedation, and efficiency of endoscopy with respect to the sedation instructor. Thus, we investigated the effectiveness of sedative procedures performed by anesthesiologists.
Methods:
We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients aged < 18 years who underwent endoscopy during March 2014–July 2019. Data of sedation instructors, sedation drugs and their doses, complications, and the recovery after sedation were evaluated.
Results:
Of 257 patients, 217 underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) and 40 underwent colonoscopies. Before EGD, 29 patients (13.4%) underwent sedation by the pediatric endoscopist and 188 (86.6%) were sedated by the anesthesiologist. The anesthesiologist performed the sedation for all 40 patients who underwent colonoscopy. Endoscopic examinations performed by the anesthesiologist were relatively more time-consuming (401.0 ± 135.1 seconds vs. 274.9 ± 106.1 seconds, P < 0.001). We observed that in patients who underwent EGD, there was a difference in the dose of midazolam administered (P = 0.000). When comparing EGD and colonoscopy in patients undergoing sedation by the anesthesiologist, there were no significant differences in the doses of midazolam and ketamine, but the dose of propofol increased for colonoscopy (2.50 ± 0.95 mg/kg vs. 4.71 ± 1.66 mg/kg, P = 0.000). The cognitive recovery time according to drug dose was associated with propofol only in EGD with a shorter endoscopy time. The longer cognitive recovery time in colonoscopy and the discharge time of EGD and colonoscopies were not associated with propofol use.
Conclusion
When sedation is performed by an anesthesiologist, various drugs are used with sufficient doses and complications are reduced, but the discharge time does not change. For performing pediatric endoscopy in Korea, anesthesiologists should be considered for inducing anesthesia.