PURPOSE: This study was intended to evaluate the positional relationship between the hyoid bone and the mandible in patients with mandibular protrusion after mandibular set-back surgery by means of 3D-CT. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Preoperative(3 weeks before) and postoperative (6 weeks after) 3D-CT and cephalogram were taken on 32 patients(12 male, 20 female, mean age of 23.2) treated by bilateral sagittal split osteotomy with rigid fixation. The angular measurement on 3D-CT basilar view were deviation of Me and H, long axis angle of left and right cornu majus. The lineal measurement on 3D-CT basilar view were composed of intercondylar line and coordinates(x,y) of Me and H. The angular and lineal measurement of lateral cephalogram were composed of mandibular plane angle, SNA, SNB, ANB, FH-NA and FH-NB, and coordinates(x,y) of B, Pog, Me and H, PAS, Lpw, MPH and IAS. On the frontal cephalogram, deviation of Me were evaluated. RESULTS: The mean mandibular set-back was 8.0mm horizontally and mandibular plane angle was slightly increased. The hyoid bone was displaced postero-inferiorly, the distance between MP(mandibular plane) and H(hyoid bone) was increased and the posterior airway space values (PAS, Lpw, IAS) were decreased. The coordinates Me(x,y), H(x,y) and deviation angle Me' and H'were revealed the strong positive correlation. CONCLUSION: The results revealed that the horizontal, vertical and transverse relationship of the mandibular and the hyoid bone movements were significantly correlated in patients performed mandibular set-back surgery.
Axis, Cervical Vertebra ; Female ; Humans ; Hyoid Bone* ; Male ; Mandible* ; Orthognathic Surgery* ; Osteotomy

A 59-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital because of occipital headache and multiple cranial nerve dysfunction. The patient had been suffered from chronic otitis media. MRI of the brain showed a thickened and markedly enhanced dura mater in the temporal lobe. The patient underwent a left temporal craniectomy and dural biopsy. Histopathological examination revealed thickened duar amter infiltrated with giant cell, lymphocytic and plasma cell infiltration. The fungus, acid-fast and PAS stains were all negative. After administraion of steroid, cranial nerve disturbances and headache improved. The cause of the hypertrophpic intracranial pachymeningitis in this patient was thought to be related with the chronic otitis media, although the clinical course of the patient was similar to the idiopathic hypertrophic pachymeningitis.
Biopsy ; Brain ; Coloring Agents ; Cranial Nerves ; Dura Mater ; Female ; Fungi ; Giant Cells ; Headache ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Meningitis* ; Middle Aged ; Otitis Media* ; Otitis* ; Plasma Cells ; Temporal Lobe

Laryngeal involvement is a rare complication of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and can range from mild mucosal inflammation, vocal cord paralysis, and edema to necrotizing vasculitis with airway obstruction. Cricoarytenoid arthropathy is rare cause of severe airway obstruction in laryngeal involvement of SLE. In contrast to patients with rheumatoid arthritis, patients with SLE typically present with acute arthritis of cricoarytenoid joints and respond to corticosteroid therapy alone. We describe here a 13-year-old girl with SLE who presented with intermittent fever, swallowing difficulty, vocal cord paralysis and acute dyspnea required emergent tracheostomy as the sole manifestation of active SLE. She was diagnosed as having SLE based on the findings of positive anti-nuclear antibody and anti-ds DNA antibody with high titers, hypocomplementemia, leukocytopenia, and transient polyarthritis and proteinuria. No other clinical symptoms were found. Endoscopic findings showed edema of aryepiglottic fold, bilateral fixation of the vocal cords and edematous supraglottic structure with engorged vessels. Computered tomography scan of the neck showed diffuse soft tissue edema around the arytenoid and cricoid cartilages and enhancement of the aryepiglottic fold.
Adolescent ; Airway Obstruction ; Arthritis ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid ; Cricoid Cartilage ; Deglutition ; DNA ; Dyspnea ; Edema ; Female ; Fever ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Joints ; Larynx ; Leukopenia ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic* ; Neck ; Proteinuria ; Tracheostomy ; Vasculitis ; Vocal Cord Paralysis ; Vocal Cords

PURPOSE: Since there are few studies involving acute pancreatitis in children, we reviewed our experience with this medical condition to describe the clinical features. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted by reviewing the medical records of 41 patients with AP who were admitted to the Department of Pediatrics of Pusan National University Hospital between January 1996 and June 2007. RESULTS: Twenty males and 21 females (mean age, 8.7+/-4.5 years) were included. In 22 patients (53.7%), no definitive causes were found. The most common etiologies were choledochal cysts (22.0%). Necrotizing pancreatitis was diagnosed in 5 patients (12.2%), and recurrent acute pancreatitis in 4 patients (9.8%). CT findings included pancreatic swelling (43.9%), peripancreatic fluid collection (29.3%), ascites (24.4%), and peripancreatic fat necrosis (12.2%). Serum amylase and lipase levels at diagnosis were 535.3+/-553.2 and 766.2+/-723.6 U/L, respectively, and were normalized within 1 week in 22 and 14 patients, respectively. On the basis of the Balthazar scale, 2 patients were diagnosed with severe AP. In 4 patients (9.8%), a surgical procedure was indicated. Major complications included ascites (32.3%), sepsis (16.1%), and pseudocyst and renal impairments (12.9%). Two patients died from multi-organ failure. CONCLUSION: The etiologies of AP in children are varied. Most children have a single episode and a self-limited course. However, AP of childhood still carries significant morbidity and mortality. Early diagnosis, appropriate treatment according to disease severity, and management of complications are important.
Amylases ; Ascites ; Child ; Choledochal Cyst ; Early Diagnosis ; Fat Necrosis ; Female ; Humans ; Lipase ; Male ; Medical Records ; Pancreatitis ; Pediatrics ; Retrospective Studies ; Sepsis

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the postoperative stability of the severe open bite or mandibular prognathic patients after mandibular set back surgery by Obwegeser II method. There were 19 patients who had been undergone Obwegeser II method. The horizontal and vertical position of the cephalometric points were measured preoperation and immediate postoperation, postoperative 1 month, postoperative 6 months ; were analyzed by linear measurement to evaluate changes in skeletal landmark and the relapse was compared between open bite group and prognathism group. By the operation, horizontal change of B was 6.84+/-4.35mm and vertical change of B was 6.28+/-3.25mm in open bite group and horizontal change of B was 14.20+/-4.81mm and vertical change of B was 1.99+/-2.66mm in prognathism group, horizontal change of Pog was 3.82+/-5.71mm and vertical change of Pog was 5.38+/-2.11mm in open bite group and horizontal change of Pog was 13.24+/- 5.99mm and vertical change of Pog was 1.91+/-0.94mm in prognathism group. Between immediate postoperation and postoperative 1 month, all skeletal landmarks change was no statistical difference (p>0.05) and there were no statistical difference between open bite group and prognathism group except x-Me landmark (p>0.05). Between postoperative 1 month and 6 months, horizontal change of B was 0.12+/-1.35mm and vertical change of B was 1.47+/-1.48mm in open bite group and horizontal change of B was 1.43+/-1.35mm and vertical change of B was 0.82+/-1.99mm in prognathism group, horizontal change of Pog was 0.13+/-1.40mm and vertical change of Pog was 0.88+/-1.71mm in open bite group and horizontal change of Pog was 1.08+/-1.74mm and vertical change of Pog was 0.47+/-1.57mm in prognathism group (p>0.05) and there were no statistical difference between open bite group and prognathism group (p>0.05). Between immediate postoperation and postoperative 6months, horizontal change of B was 0.24+/-1.17mm and vertical change of B was 1.87+/-1.63mm in open bite group and horizontal change of B was 1.54+/-1.55mm and vertical change of B was 1.04+/-1.96mm in prognathism group, horizontal change of Pog was 0.91+/-1.46mm and vertical change of Pog was 1.18+/-2.05mm in open bite group and horizontal change of Pog was 0.96+/-1.62mm and vertical change of Pog was 1.23+/-2.35mm in prognathism group (p>0.05) and there were statistical difference between open bite group and prognathism group in x-B, x-Pog, x-Gn, x-Me (p<0.05). Obwegeser II method is considered as one of the best operation when surgical correction of severe open bite or severe mandibular prognathism is needed.
Humans ; Open Bite* ; Prognathism ; Recurrence

H-reflex is a kind of late respons which can be used for the proximal nerve conduction study. Also it is a useful and widely used nerve conduction technique es to look electrically at the monosynaptic reflex. Although recordable from all muscles theoretically, H-reflexes are most commonly recorded from the calf muscles following stimulation of the tibial nerve in the popliteal fossa. But in this study, We tried to establish the normal data and to evaluate the significance of the H-reflex study in cervical radiculopathy. H-reflexes were recorded from flexor carpi radialis (FCR) muscle, extensor carpi radialis (ECR) muscle, brachioradialis (BR) muscle, and abductor digiti minimi (ADM) muscle in 31 normal adults (62 cases) and 12 patients with cervical radiculopathy. The mean values of H-reflex latency in normal control group were 16.16+/- 1.65 msec in FCR; 15.99+/- 1.25 msec in ECR; 16.47+/- 1.59 msec in BR; 24.46+/- 1.42 msec in ADM. And the mean values of side to side difference of H-reflex latency were 0.47+/- 0.48 msec in FCR; 0.68+/- 0.72 msec in ECR; 0.63+/- 0.43 msec in BR; 22.31+/- 1.24 msec in ADM. Mean values of side to side differences of interlatency time were 0.49+/-0.47 msec in FCR; 0.73+/- 0.62 msec in ECR; 0.79+/- 0.71 msec in BR; 0.69+/- 0.44 msec in ADM. Also, there were no significant differences in H-reflex latency between right and left side. H-reflex tests in patient group with cervical radiculopathy revealed abnormal findings in 11 out of 12 patients. These results suggest that H-reflex in the upper extremity would be helpful in the diagnosis of the cervical radiculopathy.
Adult ; Male ; Female ; Humans

Purpose: Obesity is a risk factor for various adult diseases such as type 2 diabetes, cardio-cerebrovascular disease, and cancer. With an increasing obesity population worldwide, the prevention of obesity with natural components has emerged as an alternative health care strategy. Ramulus mori (Sangzhi, RM) is widely used as a traditional herbal medicine in East Asia. It contains various phytochemicals, including stilbenes and 2-arylbenzofurans. In this study, we compared the anti-obesity effects of RM extracts and its major stilbene components (mulberroside A [MSA] and oxyresveratrol [ORT]) in high fat diet (HFD)-fed obese mice. Methods: Five week-old, male C57BL/6J mice were grouped into 7 experimental groups: normal diet (ND), HFD, HFD + 1% RM water extracts (MW), HFD + 0.1% MSA, HFD + 1% RM ethanol extracts (ME), HFD + 0.1% ORT, and HFD + 1% Garcinia cambogia extracts (GC) as a positive control. All mice were fed experimental diet for 13 weeks. Results: Compared to the HFD group, total body weight and weekly body weight gain were significantly decreased in the ME, ORT, and GC groups. Glucose tolerance level was significantly decreased in all experimental groups, whereas plasma insulin level was decreased in MSA, ME, ORT and GC groups. Plasma glucose, triglyceride (TG), and total cholesterol levels were significantly decreased, whereas high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were increased in the MSA, ORT, and GC groups. Hepatic TG accumulation was also significantly decreased in the MSA, ME, ORT, and GC groups. Adipose tissue weight and size of adipocytes were significantly decreased in the MSA, ME and ORT groups, and were comparable to values obtained in the GC group. The levels of adiponectin and SREBP1c mRNA expressions were increased in the ORT and GC groups. Conclusion These results indicate that ME, ORT and MSA exert significant anti-obesity effect, and have the potential to be developed as a weight control ingredient of functional foods.

OBJECTIVE: To validate the usefulness of a diffusional anisotropic capillary array phantom and to investigate the effects of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) parameter changes on diffusion fractional anisotropy (FA) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) using the phantom. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Diffusion tensor imaging of a capillary array phantom was performed with imaging parameter changes, including voxel size, number of sensitivity encoding (SENSE) factor, echo time (TE), number of signal acquisitions, b-value, and number of diffusion gradient directions (NDGD), one-at-a-time in a stepwise-incremental fashion. We repeated the entire series of DTI scans thrice. The coefficients of variation (CoV) were evaluated for FA and ADC, and the correlation between each MR imaging parameter and the corresponding FA and ADC was evaluated using Spearman's correlation analysis. RESULTS: The capillary array phantom CoVs of FA and ADC were 7.1% and 2.4%, respectively. There were significant correlations between FA and SENSE factor, TE, b-value, and NDGD, as well as significant correlations between ADC and SENSE factor, TE, and b-value. CONCLUSION: A capillary array phantom enables repeated measurements of FA and ADC. Both FA and ADC can vary when certain parameters are changed during diffusion experiments. We suggest that the capillary array phantom can be used for quality control in longitudinal or multicenter clinical studies.
Anisotropy ; Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging/*instrumentation/*methods ; Diffusion Tensor Imaging/*instrumentation/*methods ; Humans ; *Phantoms, Imaging ; Research Design ; Signal-To-Noise Ratio

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the result after 2-phase surgical-orthodontic treatment without preoperative orthodontic treatment for the skeletal Cl III malocclusion patient and to obtain an adequate protocol on the bases of this result. This retrospective study of ten patients who underwent 2-phase treatment were done to evaluate 1) the surgical stability and relapse pattern 2) the facial esthetics 3) the TMJ problem 4) the total time of the treatment. Results were followed : 1) The horizontal relapse of the mandible was 26.8% and didn't show significant differences compared to the conventional 3-phase treatment. But, it was considered that this amount of relapse was the sum of true relapse and autoratation of mandible due to decreased vertical dimension during orthodontic treatment. 2) It was estimated that there's no difference on the ratio of anterior facial height between the subjects and the normal patients. On the horizontal analysis, the mandible of the subjects was located more anteriorly than that of the normal patients. This result showed that there was a need for the accurate preoperative esthetic evaluation and the additional methods for reducing the relapse due to the occlusal interference. 3) Wide variation was noted on the TMJ symptoms of the subjects, however, it was estimated that there's no significant differencees of symptoms compared to that of the conventional 3-phase treatment on literatures. 4) The average of the overall period of treatment was 20.8 months and we obtained reduction of the treatment time compaired to 3-phase treatment on many literatures. Most of the results of this study were similar to the findings of the 3-phase treatment(preoperative orthodontic-orthognathic surgery-postoperative orthodontic), but total time of the treatment was shorter in patients with 2-phase treatment than in those with the conventional 3-phase treatment. With 2-phase treatment, we experienced many advantages compared to the conventional method considering that it was favarable conditions for the teeth, it had the flexibility for the treatment, and it could be the adequate treatment approach for the stomatognathic system. Although this retrospective pilot study had some limitations, due to small samples, the authors would hope that it could serve as a guide for the future reaearches, and the clinical applications.
Esthetics ; Hope ; Humans ; Malocclusion* ; Mandible ; Pilot Projects ; Pliability ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies ; Stomatognathic System ; Temporomandibular Joint ; Tooth ; Vertical Dimension

Here, we describe a uracil-DNA glycosylase (UNG)-treated reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (uRT-LAMP) for the visual detection of all subtypes of avian influenza A virus (AIV). The uRT-LAMP assay can prevent unwanted amplification by carryover contamination of the previously amplified DNA, although the detection limit of the uRT-LAMP assay is 10-fold lower than that of the RT-LAMP without a UNG treatment. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first successful application of deoxyuridine triphosphate/UNG strategy in RT-LAMP for AIV detection, and the assay can be applied for the rapid, and reliable diagnosis of AIVs, even in contaminated samples.
Animals ; Deoxyuridine ; Diagnosis ; DNA ; Influenza in Birds* ; Limit of Detection ; Reverse Transcription* ; Uracil-DNA Glycosidase