To analyze the normal adult corneal thickness, we used the Orbscan(Orbtek, Inc.)to measure 50 volunteer subjects. The reproducibility of the pachymetry, the daytime variation of corneal thickness and the consistency of thickness across days were analyzed. All 50 subjects were measured, taken each at 8:00, 9:30, 11:00, 13:00, 14:30, and 16:00. The corneal thickness was taken at the center and 1.0 mm, 1.5 mm, 2.0 mm, 2.5 mm, 3.0 mm and 3.5 mm away from the center. Also measurements were made 3 consecutive days at the center, 2.0 mm and 3.5 mm away from the center. Repeatability of corneal thickness was highly reliable(Guttman split-half point:0.9972 and 0.9961, respectively). The average distance difference was 10 micrometer at the center and 23 micrometer at 3.5 mm away from the center. The corneal thickness did show a diurnal pattern during the day but was stable when measured across days. No significant difference when measuring on the same hour on another day was shown the corneal thickness to be consistent.
Adult ; Humans ; Keratomileusis, Laser In Situ ; Volunteers

No Abstract Available.
Blepharoptosis* ; Silicones*

Traumatic epidermoid cysts are rare tumors occuring almost exclusively on the palms, palmar aspects of fingers, and soles. These cysts are thought to originate from a bit of epidermis implanted into the dermis after a penetrating or blunt wound. We report a case of typical traumatic epidermoid cyst on the sole of the right foot of a 23-year-old male student. The lesion was a coin-sized, tender, fluctuating cystic mass occuring 3 years after a penetrating wound by an iron nail. Histopathlogical examination revealed a deep dermal cyst lined by a thick, flattened, keratinizing wall with partial disruption accompanied by foreign-body reaction.
Dermis ; Epidermal Cyst* ; Epidermis ; Fingers ; Foot ; Foreign-Body Reaction ; Humans ; Iron ; Male ; Wounds and Injuries ; Wounds, Penetrating ; Young Adult

Sweets syndrome has 4 cardinal features, that is, fever, neutrophil polymorphonuclear leukocytosis of the blood, raised painful plaques on the limbs, face and neck, histologically a dense dermal infiltration with mature neutrophil polymorphs. Hematologic malignancies are associated with 10-15% of cases, but gastric adenocarcinoma associated case is very rare. A 57-year-old male patient admitted to Korea University affiliated hospital because of fever and painful erythematous plaques of both limbs. No response to antibiotics and antihistamines for 1 week, so we referred to dermatologic department for skin biopsy. After then under the impression of Sweet's syndrome, oral prednisolone 60 mg/day prescribed and skin lesions were progressively regressed. For the purpose of screening of associated disease, we did abdominal CT scan and panendoscopy with biopsy which revealed adenocarcinoma of stomach. We couldn't find out any other etiologic agents.
Adenocarcinoma* ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Biopsy ; Extremities ; Fever ; Hematologic Neoplasms ; Histamine Antagonists ; Humans ; Korea ; Leukocytosis ; Male ; Mass Screening ; Middle Aged ; Neck ; Neutrophils ; Prednisolone ; Skin ; Stomach ; Sweet Syndrome* ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

No abstract available in English.
Animals ; Dogs ; Femoral Neck Fractures ; Femur Neck ; Femur

This study was performed to investigate the change of T-lymphocyte subsets to evaluate the immune reactivity of herpes simplex keratitis patients. Peripheral blood lymphocytes were obtained from fourteen herpes simplex keratitis patients and fourteen controls. These cells were incubated with a panel of lymphocyte specific monoclonal antibodies and then CD4+ helper and CD8+ suppressor T cells were measured by the use of flow cytometer. The following results were obtained. 1. The mean age of the control group was 46.4+/-15.9(mean+/-SD)years. The proportion of CD4+ helper T cell was 41.93 +/- 7.89%(mean +/- SD), the proportion of CD8+ suppressor T cell was 24.35 +/- 5.54% and the CD4+ helper/ CD8+ suppressor T cell ratio was 1.86 +/- 0.47. 2. The mean age of herpes simples keratitis patients was 49.9 +/- 16.4 years. In the patients, CD4+ helper/ CD8+ supressor T cell ratio was 1.25 +/- 0.42, a decrease compared to cells from controls (P<0.01). The proportion of CD4+ helper T cell was 30.1 +/- 7.11%, a decrease compared to controls(P<0.01). CD8+ suppressor T cell was 25.96 +/- 7.90%. There was no significant change in the CD8+ suppressor T cell. In this study, herpes simplex keratitis patients were accompanied by decrement in the ratio of helper to suppressor T cells and this decreased ratio was due to a decrease in helper T cells. These results suggest that cell mediated immune reactivity is depressed in herpes simplex keratitis patients.
Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Herpes Simplex* ; Humans ; Keratitis ; Keratitis, Herpetic* ; Lymphocytes ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets* ; T-Lymphocytes* ; T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer

Recently, intubation of silicone tubes have become popular for canalicular laceration. The surgery can be done with monocanalicular or bicanalicular methods. Fifteen cases of lacerated canaliculi were repaired using the silicone tube stents (seven monocanalicular stents, eight bicanalicular stents). An endoscope was used to reduce inferior meatal injury during surgery. The follow-up period was from six to eighteen months(mean, thirteen months). Four cases using the monocanalicular method and eight cases using the bicanalicular method were successful. Three cases of monocanalicular method had epiphora with canalicular obstruction due to early loss of the silicone tube. In monocanalicular method, postoperative complications were as the foUowing two cases of punctal granulomas, two cases of punctal slits and three cases of early loss of the silicone tube. All cases showed nasal bleeding. In bicanalicular method, postoperative complications occurred in one case each of conjunctival irritation sign and loop retraction. In our conclusion, the success rate of bicanaJicular stents in higher than that of monocanalicular stents for canalicular laceration. Also, use of an endoscope will help to reduce pain and nasal bleeding during the surgery.
Endoscopes ; Epistaxis ; Follow-Up Studies ; Granuloma ; Intubation* ; Lacerations* ; Lacrimal Apparatus Diseases ; Postoperative Complications ; Silicones* ; Stents

Canaliculitis is an uncommon condition. It is often difficult to diagnose because of its chronicity and its multitude of clinical presentations. We reviewed the nature, the diagnosis and therapy of six patients of chronic lacrimal canaliculitis. Bacteriologic investigation showed one case of E. coli, one case of alpha-hemolytic streptococcus, two of coagulase-negative staphylococcus and no growth to be seen in two cases. On dacryocystography, canalicular diverticulum were found in three cases. Five patients were treated with conservation therapy and one case improved with surgical treatment. Canaliculitis can be diagnosed by clinical features and dacryocystography. Conservative therapy should take priority to surgical treatment.
Diagnosis* ; Diverticulum ; Humans ; Staphylococcus ; Streptococcus ; Canaliculitis

In leprosy patients, the cataract surgery may be combined with additinal manipulation for presenting miosis such as iris surgery. The authors have studies retrospectively the incidence, surgical results, and postperative complications of extracapsular cataract extraction and posterior chamber IOL implantation combined with iris surgery of 50 eyes with a follow-up period of more than 3 months. Pupil dilatation procedure was necessary for miotic pupils in 31 eyes and in 8 cases pupilloplasty also was performed. The average visual acuity was 0.1 preoperatively and 0.6 postoperatively. The common postoperative complications included after-cataract in 28 eyes(56%) and iris capture and/or synechia in 9(18%) eyes. After-cataract developed more frequently in eyes with a history of uveitis(92.6%) or those that received iris surgery(71%). Iris capture developed in those who received cataract surgery with pupil dilatation procedure and did not develop in those with additional pupilloplasty. Also pupilloplasty patients complained of less photophobia. In conclusion, pupil dilatation procedures may be required in cataract surgery of leprosy patients and is related with the development of aftercataract, but to prevent iris capture and photophobia additional pupiolloplasty is recommended.
Cataract Extraction ; Cataract* ; Dilatation ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Incidence ; Iris ; Leprosy* ; Miosis ; Photophobia ; Postoperative Complications ; Pupil ; Retrospective Studies ; Visual Acuity

When inserting an orbital implant, evisceration allows suitable movement of the eyeball making it a better method cosmetically than enucleation; performing hydroxyapatite implantation after evisceration preserving the cornea sometimes causes the complication of cornea melting. To reduce complications after evisceration and hydroxyapatite implantation,scleral patch graft with corneal excision was performed in 15 eyes of 15 patients. In all 15 eyes, 20 mm-sized hydroxyapatite implants were inserted. Fourteen eyesshowed no complications, but in one eye scleral suture was exposed and 2months later the implant was exposed around that area. Also, there developed conjunctival wound dehiscence and exposure of the central portion of the scleral graft in two eyes. But the exposed sclera was fibrovascularized by the surrounding conjunctival tissue and did not lead to exposure of the implant. This study suggests that when performing evisceration and hydroxyapatite implantation, scleral pach graft with cornea excision is helpful in reducing the incidence of exposure of hydroxyapatite implant.
Cornea ; Durapatite ; Freezing ; Humans ; Incidence ; Orbital Implants ; Sclera ; Sutures ; Transplants* ; Wounds and Injuries