Ambulatory BP monitoring was performed in a patients with pheochromocytoma before and after removal of the tumor. Before surgery, it did not show any significant diurnal variation. But, after surgery the diurnal variation was restored.
Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory* ; Blood Pressure* ; Humans ; Pheochromocytoma*

The intramedullary nailing is one of the most available method in the treatment of femoral shaft fracture. Since the development of Küntscher nail in 1940, new designs such as the Grosse-Kempf interlocking femoral nail, Ressell-Taylor Femoral nial, AO/ASIF universal nail, ACE titanium nail became widely used by more applicable level of femoral shaft fracture. But complication of intramedullary nailing was rarely seen. The authors analyzed the clinical and mechanical factors predisposing to failures of intramedullary interlocking nails in 6 cases whom treated the comminuted fracture of the femoral shaft, at the department of orthopaedic surgery, Sun General Hospital from 1991 to 1995 and the following results are obtained. 1. Initial fracture patterns were comminuted in all 6 cases. 2. The implant nails were AO nail in 4 cases, Grosse-Kempf nail in 1 case, Russell-Taylor nail in 1 case(nail diameter was 10mm to 12mm). 3. The failure sites of the interlocking nail were the initial bone fracture site in 2 cases, distal to the proximal screw hole in 1 case, proximal to the distal screw hole in 2 cases, fracture site and distal to the proximal screw hole in 1 case. 4. The average time to failure of implants were 11.5 months. 5. The average times to partical weight bearing were 6.3 weeks. In the analy of above results, by using diameter of nail more than 13mm and delaying weight bearing on the injured limb until there is clear radiographic evidence of early union of the femur fracture, we may reduce the metal failures of intramedullary interlocking nail in comminuted femoral shaft fractures.
Extremities ; Femur ; Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary ; Fractures, Bone ; Fractures, Comminuted ; Hospitals, General ; Methods ; Solar System ; Titanium ; Weight-Bearing

A model theory of passive-targeted drug delivery in sphere-shaped solid tumors is introduced on the basis of Fick's law of diffusion, with appropriate boundary and initial conditions. For a uniform initial concentration inside the tumor, the concentration is obtained as a function of time and radial position. The concentration is shown to approach the equilibrium distribution as the time elapses, as is expected by the Gedanken Experiment. The time-evolution rate is found to be determined by the diffusion coefficient of the drug in the tissue, the size of the tumor, the volume of the drug-injected region, and the concentration gradient at the boundary.
Diffusion ; Jurisprudence

No abstract available.
Meconium* ; Peritonitis*

PURPOSE: We prospectively evaluated whether the adequate age of surgery in patients with unilateral inguinal cryptorchidism is 1-2 years old. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-eight specimens were taken from ipsilateral undescended testicles in 28 unilateral inguinal cryptorchid boys(age range: 4-132 months, mean: 20.3 months). Patients were divided into 2 groups: an early group I of 9 cases(7-12 months) and a late group II of 19 cases(13-132 months). Control testicular biopsies were performed in 6 hydrocele boys(age range: 8-36 months, mean: 23 months). The histomorphological changes, including spermatogonia per tubule(S/T) value, Sertoli cell index(SCI), tubular degeneration phase V-VII(TDP V-VII), mean tubular diameter(MTD), and changes of peritubular interstitial tissue(thickened tubular basement membrane and peritubular fibrosis) were compared between the cryptorchidism and control groups and the adequate age of surgery in the cryptorchid child was evaluated. RESULTS: Testis volume, SCI, TDP V-VII, MTD, and changes of peritubular interstitial tissue, except S/T value, were significantly different between groups I and II(p<0.05). Between group I and the control group, there was a statistically significant difference in testis volume, MTD, and changes of peritubular interstitial tissue(p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: These findings of decreased testis volume, SCI, MTD and increased peritubular fibrosis may suggest that the appropriate timing of surgery in the cryptorchid child is under 1 year.
Basement Membrane ; Biopsy ; Child ; Cryptorchidism* ; Fibrosis ; Humans ; Male ; Prospective Studies ; Spermatogonia ; Testis

A study was made to see the family back ground abandonment of mother's right, clinical and laboratory examination(urinalysis, blood examination, tuberculous skin test, VDRL, PKU screening test and chest X-ray) on 1,793 infants and children in an institure for foreign adoption. The results were as follows: 1) Gilrs were much more predominant than boys with male to female ratio of 1 : 2.3. 2) Most of them were Korean and only ten were mixed blood, Five were Korean-white, five were Korean-negro. 3) Most of them were under one year of age(70%). 4) Mid-wife delivery was the most common birth place among known ones. 5) Most of deliveries were normal full term delivery(46.9%). 6) There was no difference in monthly distribution. Duration of admission was 2~3 months usually. 7) concerning the family background, most of them were unknown, 432 of them(24.8%) were from unmarried mother, 397 from married mother, and founding, parents dead or left home, divorced and unmarried father in order of decreasing frequency. 8) Age of mothers, between 21~25 years was most frequent. Most of unmarried mothers were between 20~22 years of age. 9) In order of birth, most of them were between 3~5th children. 10) Disease pattern; Upper respiratory tract disease was the most common, and diarrhea was the next. Skin and mucous membrane disease were frequently seen. There were 12 cases of tuberculosis and 18 cases of congenital syphilis. There developed 15 cases of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. 11) On routine laboratory examination, there noted 85 cases of positive TB sin test, 18 cases of positive VDRL reaction. No positive case in PKU screening test.
Child* ; Child, Institutionalized ; Diarrhea ; Divorce ; Female ; Humans ; Illegitimacy ; Infant ; Male ; Mass Screening ; Mothers ; Mucous Membrane ; Parents ; Parturition ; Pneumonia, Pneumocystis ; Residence Characteristics ; Respiratory Tract Diseases ; Skin ; Skin Tests ; Syphilis, Congenital ; Thorax ; Tuberculosis

A patient with symptomatic dural fistula involving the cavernous sinus did intermittant external manual compression of the cervical carotid artery and jugular vein. We observed complete closure of fistula with improvement of symptoms either clinically or at angiography done 6 weeks later, and recommend this technique with clinical follow up and angiography in selected cases before more definitive therapy is employed.
Angiography ; Carotid Arteries ; Cavernous Sinus ; Fistula* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Jugular Veins

No abstract available.
Ectopia Cordis* ; Hernia, Umbilical*

Preoperative and postoperative echocardiography were performed in 33 patients with isolated ostium secondum atial septal defect(ASD), confirmed by right heart catheterization and operation at Seoul National University Hospital from November 1980 to June 1982. The ratio of right ventricular enddiastolic dimension to leftventricular enddiastolic dimension(RVED/LVED) was compared to the pattern of interventricular septum, before and after operation. In patients with persistent paradoxical septal motion during 2wks after operation, repeated echocardiograms were performed upto 9 months, postoperatively. The results obtained are as follows: 1) The ratio of RVED/LVED in patients with ASD, was 0.95+/-0.35(mean+/-standard deviation), which was significantly larger than that of 14 normal subjects(p<0.005). 2) There was statistically correlation between the ratio of pulmonary blood flow to systemic blood flow(QP/QS) and the ratio of RVED/LVED(r=0.44, p<0.025). 3) Thirty three patients were divided into 3 groups according to the pattern of intervent ricular septal motion.(Group "M": Patients with normal septal motion, Group "B": Patients with paradoxical type B septal motion, Group "A": Patients with paradoxical type A septal motion) Preoperatively, the ratio of RVED/LVED was 0.68+/-0.28 in Group "N" (N=9), and 0.88+/-0.23 in Group B (N=9) and 1.14+/-0.34 io Group "A" (N=15). In Group "A, the ratio of RVED/LVED was significantly larger than of Group "N" (p<0.005). Postoperatively, the ratio of RVED/LVED was 0.51+/-0.13 in Group "N" (n=23), and 0.68+/-0.15 in Group "B" (n=7), and 0.79+/-0.14 in Grop "A" (n=3). In Group "A" and Group "B, the ratio of RVED/LVED was significantly larger than that of Group "N" (p<0.005, p<0.01). 4) Postoperative RVED index(18.9+/-4.9) was significantly decreased, compared with preoperative RVED index(27.6+/-8.9) (p<0.005). But there was no significant change in LVED index, before and after operation. 5) Among 10 patients with persistent paradoxical septal motion, repeated echocardiograms were performed in 5 patients. Interventricular septal motion was normalized in 4 out of 5 patients. Thus the ratio of RVED/LVED has significant correlation with QP/QS and the pattern of interventricular septal motion. These results suggest the evidence that interventricular septal motion is determined by septal position at enddiastiole.
Cardiac Catheterization ; Cardiac Catheters ; Echocardiography* ; Heart Septal Defects, Atrial* ; Humans ; Seoul

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and hypoxic inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha) and the hemodynamic changes in the renal medulla and cortex, during the acute stages of an unilateral ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO) in adult rats. Materials and Methods: Kidney specimens were aseptically removed from 35 Sprague- Dawley 8 week old adult rats, weighing 250-300gm, from a sham groups, 0, 6, 12 and 24 hours, and an experimental groups (UPJO 6, 12 and 24 hours). The renal blood flow of the ipsilateral kidney was measured at the left main renal artery using a laser flowmeter. The expressions of HIF-1alpha and iNOS, for the hypoxic changes to the ipsilateral kidney, were evaluated by immunohistochemical staining and a Western blot assay. Results: There were no significant differences in the blood flows of the main renal arteries immediately prior to the operations in any of the groups. However, there was a significant difference in the blood flows between the before an operation, and just before a nephrectomy, after a UPJO, in all the experimental groups. There was a significant decrease in the renal blood flow in the experimental group compared to those in the sham group. The expressions of iNOS and HIF-1alpha in the ipsilateral kidney, as shown by the immunohistochemical staining, were markedly increased in relation to the time of the obstruction, especially in medulla, and those shown by the Western blot assays were increased in the total renal tissue, medulla and cortex, compared to the sham groups. Conclusions: A decreased renal blood flow in the ipsilateral kidney, during the acute stages of the unilateral UPJO, generally enhanced the expressions of the iNOS and HIF-1alpha in the medulla. This study suggests that hypoxia of the ipsilateral kidney, after an UPJO, induces HIF-1alpha, and then enhances the production of NO by the activation of iNOS, which finally results in renal ischemic damage.
Adult* ; Animals ; Anoxia ; Blotting, Western ; Flowmeters ; Hemodynamics* ; Humans ; Kidney* ; Nephrectomy ; Nitric Oxide Synthase ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II* ; Rats* ; Renal Artery ; Renal Circulation ; Ureteral Obstruction