Measurements of ocular deviation were obtained from 45 exotropes and 31 esotropes, using Hirschberg corneal reflex test, and prism and alternate cover test respectively. The mean angle of devation in exotropes was 27.42 +/- 8.60 delta by Hirschberg test, 27.80 +/- 8.11 delta by prism and alternate cover test. There was no significant difference between these two groups (p>0.05). The mean angle of deviation in esotropes was 28.55 +/- 12.92 delta by Hirschberg test, 31.58 +/- 13.08 delta by prism and alternate cover test. The difference between these two groups was significant (p<0.05). In patients whose angle kappa was zero and exotropes whose angle kappa was positive, there was no significant diHerence between the two tests. In esotropes whose angle kappa was positive, the mean angle of deviation was 29.74 +/- 15.59 delta by Hirschberg test, and 33.47 +/- 15.91 delta by prism and alternate cover test. The difference between the two groups was significant (p Humans ; Reflex

The author reviewed the effectiveness of triple procedure in terms of the visual acuity and the intraocular pressure control after 6 months follow up of twenty-four consecutive glaucoma patients who was treated with triple procedure: trabeculectomy with simultaneous lens extraction and intraocular lens implanation. At 6 months after operation, the mean intraocular pressure was 7.0mmHg lower than the preoperative level, and the kind of glaucoma medication was decreased from 2.1 to 0.6. The visual acuity improved in 67% at two months and 93% at six months after operation, respectively. The several complications such as hyphema, shallow anterior chamber with wound leaking, posterior capsular opacity and uncontrolled intraocular pressure were appeared. Effectiveness of triple procedure in terms of intraocular pressure control and visual acuity improvement seems to be similar to that of the operation done separately.
Anterior Chamber ; Cataract ; Follow-Up Studies ; Glaucoma* ; Humans ; Hyphema ; Intraocular Pressure ; Lenses, Intraocular ; Trabeculectomy ; Visual Acuity ; Wounds and Injuries

Since Purtscher's original discriptions similar clinical signs have been described following acute compressive neck or chest injuries, chest compression, val salva maneuvers, long bone fractures, acute pancreatitis and after childbirth. The appearance of Purtscher's retinopathy are believed to be due to ischemic episodes particularly in the end arterioles around the macula and disc. We experienced two cases of Purtscher's-like retinopathy in patients with systemic hypertension who had not any recent trauma history and reviewed the available literatures regarding this disease.
Arterioles ; Fractures, Bone ; Humans ; Hypertension* ; Neck ; Pancreatitis ; Parturition ; Thoracic Injuries ; Thorax

No abstract available.
Ectopia Cordis* ; Hernia, Umbilical*

Multipe Evanescent White Dot Syndrome is a clinical disorder of unknown etiology usually resulting in acute visual loss It affects primarily the retinal pigment epithelium and photoreceptors, Ocular manifestations may include multiple white dots at the level of the retinal pigment epithelium, granulaity of the macula, optic nerve swelling and anterior chamber and vitreous cells. Fluorescein angiogram discloses hyperfluorescence in association with the white spots and late staining and dye leakage from disc capillaries. We experienced a case of Multiple Evanescent White Dot Syndrome and reviewed the available literatures regarding this disease.
Anterior Chamber ; Capillaries ; Dental Caries ; Fluorescein ; Optic Nerve ; Retinal Pigment Epithelium

Systemic lupus erythematosus is a disease of unknown cause which involves various organs and primary involvement of urinary bladder is very rare. We experienced a case of a female patient with SLE and urologic manifestations (interstitial cystitis, hydroureters and hydronephrosis), which were resolved spontaneously without any immunosuppressive therapy. There was no significant correlation between clinical course and disease activity index.
Cystitis* ; Female ; Humans ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic ; Remission, Spontaneous ; Urinary Bladder

It is well known that the main source of upper gastrointestinal(UGI) bleeding in patients with liver cirrhosis is the variceal rupture of esophagus. But, peptic ulcer disease, congestive gastrophathy, and gastric varices are frequently found by endoscopic examination in patients with liver cirrhosis. These lesions are related to UGI bleeding. It is necessary to verify the causes of bleeding in liver cirrhosis, and evaluate the influencing factors related with UGI bleeding, and define the endoscopic findings of bleeding in liver cirrhosis. We reviewed the records of 145 episodes of UGI bleeding in cirrhosis, with endoscopy performed within 24 hours of entry, and report here the bleeding sites, influencing factors related with UGI bleeding, and endoscopic findings. The most common bleeding site was the esophageal varices(66.9%). Other bleeding lesions included gastric ulcer(8.3%), congestive gastrophathy(6.9%), undetermined origin(6.9%), duodenal ulcer(6.2%), gastric varices(2.1%), esophageal varices+gastric ulcer(1.4%), and esophageal varices+duodenal ulcer(1.4%). Endoscopic features of bleeding esophageal varices were identified as Spurting(2.1%), Oozing(11.3%), Red plugh(10,3 %), White plugh(14.4%), and Red-color sign(61.9%). In bleeding esophageal varices, gradeIV varices(41.2%) had a significantly higher association with bleeding than gradeI varices(2.1%), gradeII varices(22.7%), and gradeIII varices(34.0%). Endoscopic features of bleeding gastric ulcer were identified as Spurting(8.3%), Oozing(25.0%), Blood clots(58.3%), and Exposed blood vessels on ulcer base(41.7%). Endoscopic features of bleeding duodenal ulcer were identified as Oozing(44.4%), Blood clots(55.6 %), and Exposed blood vessels on ulcer base(55.6%). We found no difference in the bleeding sources according to etiology of cirrhosis(P>0.05). Bleedings due to the variceal rupture of esophagus were more frequently found in Child class B(71.2%) and C(75.0%) than A(34.8%)(P<0.05).
Blood Vessels ; Child ; Duodenal Ulcer ; Endoscopy ; Esophageal and Gastric Varices ; Esophagus ; Estrogens, Conjugated (USP) ; Fibrosis ; Hemorrhage* ; Humans ; Liver Cirrhosis* ; Liver* ; Peptic Ulcer ; Rupture ; Stomach Ulcer ; Ulcer

Strongyloides stercoralis hyperinfection syndrome is a rare complication of strongyloidiasis that frequently occurs in immunosuppressed patients. The parasite ordinarily localizes in the small intestines, especially in the duodenal and jejunal part. Reports of gastric involvement are rare. We report a case of an immunosuppressed patient who had severe S. stercoralis infection of the stomach in association with purulent meningitis.
Gastritis ; Humans ; Intestine, Small ; Meningitis* ; Parasites ; Stomach* ; Strongyloides stercoralis* ; Strongyloides* ; Strongyloidiasis

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Lamivudine is an antiviral nucleoside analogue effective for the treatment of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection via the inhibition of DNA polymerase activity. The mutations, however, in YMDD motif, such as YVDD and YIDD, have been found to interfere with the therapeutic efficacy of lamivudine. This study was performed to identify the role of such mutant-type HBV among Korean hepatitis B patients with chronic hepatitis or cirrhosis receiving lamivudine treatment. METHODS: Serum samples were collected from four groups of patients; patients with breakthrough (group I, n = 8); patients who showed no response after the treatment (group II, n = 6); patients who showed good response (group III, n = 6); patients with chronic hepatitis B without any treatment (group IV, n = 4). Mutations were detected by PCR-cloning and automated sequencing. RESULTS: Mutations in YMDD were found in only 4 (50%) in group I and were negative in group II. No mutations could be identified in the serum samples collected before treatment and from groups III and IV. YVDD mutation was found to be associated with two additional mutations, 'L-to-M' in 528th amino acid and 'L-to-V' in 577th amino acid. CONCLUSIONS: Lamivudine resistance appeared in three different patterns: (1) breakthrough related to the mutations in YMDD motif; (2) breakthrough not related to the YMDD mutations; and (3) primary non-responder not related to the YMDD mutations.
DNA ; Fibrosis* ; Hepatitis B virus* ; Hepatitis B* ; Hepatitis B, Chronic* ; Hepatitis* ; Hepatitis, Chronic* ; Humans ; Lamivudine