Lichen nitidus is an uncommon chronic dermatosis characterized by its typical clinical and histopathologic findings and has rarely been described in association with other diseases. We observed a patient with an association of lichen nitidus and molluscum contagiosum, which to the best of our knowledge has not been previously reported in the literature. It remains to be further studied about a possible pathogenesis of lichen nitidus secondary to some viral infections such as molluscum contagiosum, etc.
Humans ; Lichen Nitidus* ; Lichens* ; Molluscum Contagiosum* ; Skin Diseases

PURPOSE: Platelet Rich Plasma(PRP) application is increasing with sinus inlay bone graft, but there is few research with radiographic ananlysis on effect of PRP in maxillary sinus. The author investigated the amount of bony changes of maxillary sinus for dental implantation among the patients with maxillary inlay graft. MATERIALS AND METHODS: With 10 patients who were treated with sinus inlay autologous bone grafting combined with PRP technique, and with 5 patients who were treated with sinus inlay grafting only without PRP, the panoramic radiographys which were taken at preoperation, immediate postoperation, 3months postoperation, and 4 months postoperation(a month after dental implantation)periods were analysed. The films had been scanned, and then proceeded throughout image analysis system. The bone density of maxillary grafted sites was compared with adjacent tooth enamel density and remeasured according to density luminosity of each film. The density changes on PRP group and bone graft only group were an lysed with non-parameteric statistics method. RESULTS: In PRP combined patients group, bone density on postoperation periods was increased totally. The remarkable enhanced change of bone density was observed on 3 months postoperation period, thereafter the increasing rate was slightly reduced . In only bone graft patients group, bone density on postoperation periods was also increased compared with preoperation period, but the bone density of 4 months postoperation period was decreased compared with 3 months postoperation period. The amount of bone density on PRP group was significantly changed according to periods in contrast to bone graft only group. CONCLUSION: The bone density on PRP group was remarkably increased at 3 months postoperation compared to bone graft only group and it was seemed to be associated with more new bone formation, less grafted bone resorption at bone grafted sites with PRP.
Blood Platelets* ; Bone Density ; Bone Resorption ; Bone Transplantation ; Dental Enamel ; Dental Implantation ; Dental Implants ; Humans ; Inlays ; Maxillary Sinus ; Osteogenesis ; Platelet-Rich Plasma ; Tooth ; Transplants

Neonatal lupus erythematosus (NLE) is a transplacentally acquired autoimmune disorder, which is characterized by cutaneous lesions and/or congenital heart block and less commonly hepatic and hematologic abnormalities. Affected infants acquire anti-SSA/Ro antibody, anti-SSB/La antibody or less commonly anti-U1RNP antibody transplacentally from maternal circulation and it is generally thought that these antibodies are pathogenic. We report a case of NLE in a 40-day-old neonate who had erythematous annular patches on his face and extremities. Serological studies were reactive for antinuclear antibody of the speckled pattern and positive for anti-SSA/Ro antibodies and anti-SSB/La antibodies in both mother and infant. Addition to these findings, his mother had complained photosensitivity and arthralgia and showed hematological abnormalities including anemia and leukopenia, so we diagnosed his mother as systemic lupus erythematosus.
Anemia ; Antibodies ; Antibodies, Antinuclear ; Arthralgia ; Extremities ; Heart Block ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Leukopenia ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic ; Mothers

Authors experienced a case of A3B in a 46-year-old patient with liver cirrhosis and two cases of A3 in her children by family study. A3 subgroups were confirmed by delayed and weak positive with anti-A and anti-A,B, negative in anti-A1 lectin, adsorption-elution test, and family study. We report a family case of A3B and A3 with brief review of literatures.
Child ; Humans ; Liver Cirrhosis ; Middle Aged

BACKGROUND: Electromagnetic fields (EMF) are ubiquitous in modern society including medical field. As the technology of medical instruments and telecommunications has developed rapidly, it has influenced on our lives in many ways. Modern medical practice requires high quality medical equipments, which have a great deal of electromagnetic interference and susceptibility. The purpose of this study were to evaluate electromagnetic condition under usual clinical condition and to suggest a practical guideline in general hospital. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The actual state of the electromagnetic interference in the medical field was studied under usual clinical conditions including operating rooms, intensive care units, magnetic resonance imaging unit, and hyperthermia unit. RESULTS: There was considerable noise as a result of electromagnetic fields from medical equipments including electrosurgical units and hyperthermia unit, and cellular phones, which could induce serious functional derangements of functioning medical devices. CONCLUSION: It will be necessary to evaluate the individual electromagnetic situations under various medical conditions and to define a limited zone for cellular phone as well as reposition medical equipments to secure a safer medical practice and to minimize electromagnetic interference.
Cellular Phone ; Electromagnetic Fields* ; Fever ; Hospitals, General* ; Intensive Care Units ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Magnets* ; Noise ; Operating Rooms ; Telecommunications

BACKGROUND: Tracheal intubation can cause sympathetic stimulation such as hypertension and tachycardia. Many drug are used for reducing the incidence of hypertension and tachycardia induced by intubation. Among these drugs, fentanyl can be used with good result. The purpose of this study was to find the appropriate fentanyl injection time before intubation when a small dose (3 microgram/kg) was used. METHODS: We studied 82 ASA class 1 2 patients, scheduled for gynecological elective surgery, randomized into 5 groups. Group 1 received no fentanyl before intubation, and groups 2, 3, 4 and 5 received 3 microgram/kg fentanyl at 7 min, 5 min, 3 min and 1 min before intubation, respectively. The blood pressure and heart rate were checked at preinduction and post-intubation periods for 5 minutes. RESULTS: The increase of the heart rate was significantly lower in groups 2 and 3 than in group 5 just after intubation. Furthermore the increase of the mean blood pressure was significantly lower in groups 2, 3 and 4 than in group 5 just after intubation. The incidence of tachycardia and hypertension was significantly lower in groups 2, 3 and 4 than in group 5 just after intubation. CONCLUSIONS: When a small dose of fentanyl was used to blunt the intubation induced sympathetic stimulation, the appropriate time was prior to 3 minutes before intubation.
Blood Pressure ; Fentanyl* ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Hypertension* ; Incidence* ; Intubation* ; Tachycardia*

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:In order to analyze and understand the oculomotor system completely, it is essential to measure horizontal, vertical, and torsional eye movements. We developed a new system of 3-dimensional videooculography that can accurately estimate the pupil center and measure torsional eye movement in real time while minimizing the errors caused by upper eyelid droop, eyelashes, corneal reflection, and eye blinking. MATERIALS AND METHOD:For accurate estimation of the center and diameter of the pupil, the edges of the pupil were searched by using a sector-form window and circle fitting was performed using the least square regression. Torsional eye movement was measured using polar cross-correlation technique with modification to lessen the errors produced by the change in pupil size. Calibrations were performed and to verify the proposed system, the linearity between the measured and actual eye movements was measured. Also, the results of the proposed system were compared with those of another commercialized system. RESULTS: The linearity between the measured and actual eye movements showed errors of less than 1%. The spatial resolutions of the system for horizontal, vertical, and torsional eye movements were 0.3, 0.4, and 0.2, respectively whereas the temporal resolution was 30 frames/sec. In comparison to the commercialized system, our system showed less artifact by eye blinking when measuring vertical eye movement. CONCLUSION:We proposed an algorithm and a system for measuring horizontal, vertical, and torsional eye movements which minimized the influence of partial eyelid closure, eyelashes, corneal reflections, and change in pupil size.
Artifacts ; Blinking ; Calibration ; Eye Movements* ; Eyelashes ; Eyelids ; Pupil

BACKGROUND: In pediatric anesthesia, a method using deliberate endobronchial intubation and auscultation has been used for proper endotracheal tube depth. Tube size, however, may influence on auscultation for air leak between the tube and main bronchus. We attempted to ascertain whether the uncuffed tracheal tube (TT) size affects verifying tube placement by auscultation in children. METHODS: In 23 children, we measured the distance from the carina to the tip of a tube when the first auscultatory sound could be detected on the left chest and when the breathing sound of both chests equalized during withdrawal from right main bronchus. Then, we compared them with those of either a one-size larger or a one-size smaller tube. RESULTS: The distance from the carina to the tip at the first sound was significantly longer in the smaller tracheal tube (1.8 cm vs 1.5 cm, P = 0.01). The tube tip at the equalized breath sounds was 0.6 cm below the carina in both tubes. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that detecting endobronchial intubation may be more difficult when using uncuffed tracheal tubes with one-size smaller tube and that auscultation with deliberate bronchial intubation can place the uncuffed TT deeper than an intended depth.
Anesthesia ; Auscultation* ; Bronchi ; Child* ; Humans ; Intubation ; Respiratory Sounds ; Thorax

PURPOSE: The objective of this study is to ascertain whether the positive relationship exists among the frenum length, the tongue movement and the speech and to present the normal range of tongue movement and guidelines for the choice of surgery, observation if necessary. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 180 patients were evaluated. We divided 180 patients into 6 groups by age. Each group was separated as follows; the age of 2.5-4, 5-6, 7-9, 10-12, 13-15, 16-18. We measured the frenal length, the range of tongue motion and evaluated the speech so that we really questioned about the positive relationship between the tongue-tie and speech. We let the patient exercise the protrusive, both(right, left) laterotrusive, superior movement of the tongue. During these movements, we measured the distance between the vermilion border and the tongue tip. We also measured the distance from the tongue tip to the point contacting the upper lip with dorsum of the tongue during the maximal protrusive movement of the tongue. Three linear measurements of the anterior, inferior segment of the tongue, including the lingual frenum, are made. These measurements are as follows: 1. Distance A. Free anterior portion of the tongue from the point of frenular insertion to the tongue tip. 2. Distance B. The distance from the initiating point of the lingual frenum to the point connecting the two sublingual caruncles to the lingual frenum perpendicularly. 3. Distance C. The distance from the point contacting the line crossing the sublingual caruncles with the lingual frenum to the terminating point of the lingual frenum. We transform three linear measures into a statistical ratio, A/(A+B+C), representing the length of the free portion of the tongue compared with the total sublingual dimensions. In addition, we assessed the speech through Picture Consonant Articulation Test (PCAT) and tried to find out the relationship between the length of the lingual frenum and speech. CONCLUSION: As people are born, they have small and restricted tongue. As people grow old, tongue motions are more liberate, and unrestricted and they can speak so freely. Therefore we suggest that until age 5, oral and maxillofacial surgeons postpone the surgery if not urgent, evaluate the maximal lingual motions and PCAT according to this article and observe their changes.
Humans ; Linear Energy Transfer ; Lingual Frenum* ; Lip ; Reference Values ; Tongue*

We have examined 20 tongue-tie patients who had been operated the lingual frenectomy in Department of Oral & Maxillofacial surgery, Pusan National University for the effect of the lingual frenectomy on the tongue motion and speech, and divided patients into groups by age. Each group was separated as follows ; the age of 5-6, 7-9, 10-12, 13-15, and 16-18. We measured the frenal lengh, the range of tongue motion and evaluated the speech pre- and postoperatively. The preoperative patient groups have larger tongue tips and smaller lingual frenums than normal ones. In the preoperative patient group, there was significant obstacle of the protrusive and superior movement of the tongue. The exception was the laterotrusive movement on both sides. There was the lower value of the Picture Consonant Articulation Test(PCAT) in the preoperative 5 to 6 yearold group compared with normal group. In other age groups, there was no significant difference. The range of postoperative PCAT in all age groups has become as similiar as that of normal group. The 5 to 6 year-old group which had significant difference in PCAT was improved in PCAT. In conclusion, we propose that the PCAT as well as anatomical tongue size and functional tongue movement is the basis of the indication of lingual frenectomy and the 5-6 year-old is the optimal time of the lingual frenectomy for improvement of the tongue movement and the speech.
Busan ; Child ; Humans ; Lingual Frenum ; Surgery, Oral ; Tongue*