Backgrounds: Thyroid hormones play a fundamental role in the initiation and maintenance of somatic growth in mammalian species, and the insulin-like growth factors(IGFs) occupy a position of central importance in the growth of all tissues. To evaluate the changes in serum insulin-like growth factor-I(IGF-I) and insulin-like growth factor binding proteins in hyperthyroid and hypothyroid patients, sera was obtained from 19 hyperthyroid patients, 9 hypothyroid patients, and 10 healthy volunteers. Methods: IGF-I concentration was determined by radioimmunoassay, and changes in IGFBPs were assesed by Western Ligand Blotting. To evaluate the binding pattern of IGF-I & IGFBPs, autoradiographs were obtained. Results & Conclusion: IGF-I levels were increased significantly in hyperthyroid patients(mean ±SE, 267.88±9.80 ng/ml, p<0.05) and decreased significantly in hypothyroid patients(154.81±1.43 ng/ml, p<0.01) compaired to healthy control group(209.45±.60 ng/ml). Autoradiograph of serum IGFBPs from patients with hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism did not show any change in the intensity of IGFBP-3 bands(40-45 KD) and IGFBP-1 bands, but in hyperthyroid patients, it showed increased intensity of IGFBP-2 band compared to healthy control group and hypothyroid patients.
Equidae ; Healthy Volunteers ; Humans ; Hyperthyroidism ; Hypothyroidism ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 1 ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 2 ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3 ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Proteins ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I ; Radioimmunoassay ; Thyroid Hormones

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the feasibility of C1 lateral mass screw and C2 pedicle screw with polyaxial screw and rod system supplemented with miniplate for interlaminar fusion to treat various atlantoaxial instabilities. METHODS: After posterior atlantoaxial fixation with lateral mass screw in the atlas and pedicle screw in the axis, we used 2 miniplates to fixate interlaminar iliac bone graft instead of sublaminar wiring. We performed this procedure in thirteen patients who had atlantoaxial instabilities and retrospectively evaluated the bone fusion rate and complications. RESULTS: By using this method, we have achieved excellent bone fusion comparing with the result of other methods without any complications related to this procedure. CONCLUSION: C1 lateral mass screw and C2 pedicle screw with polyaxial screw and rod system supplemented with miniplate for interlaminar fusion may be an efficient alternative method to treat various atlantoaxial instabilities.
Axis, Cervical Vertebra ; Humans ; Retrospective Studies ; Transplants

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the outcome and safety of vaginal delivery after previous cesarean birth. METHODS: This study was based on 303 cases of delivery with previous cesarean birth at Masan, Fatima Hospital from May, 1997 to April, 1998. Among them, 62 cases had performed trial of labor. We had made a comparison between elective repeat section group and trial of labor group by analizing the frequency, successful rate, maternal morbidity, perinatal morbidity and mortality. RESULTS: Among 303 cases with previous cesarean birth, trial of labor was done in 62 cases(20.5%). Among trial of labor group, vaginal delivery was done in 54 cases (87.1%) and repeat section was done in 8 cases(12.9%). Indications for elective repea section before the onset of labor were refuse trial of labor(51.9%), request for tubal ligation(17.4%), and previous section > or =2(7.5%), etc. The successful rate of vaginal delivery according to indication for previous cesarean birth was 85.0%(17/20) in the cases of dystocia and 88.1%(37/42) in the cases except dystocia. The successful rate was not influenced by the indication for previous cesarean birth(P>0.05). There were no maternal death or uterine rupture in the cases of trial of labor. There were no significant difference between elective repeat section group and trial of labor group in maternal morbidity, perinatal morbidity and mortality(P>0.05). CONCLUSION: Under strict indications, vaginal delivery subsequent to cesarean birth may be safe, and can reduce the rate of cesarean section that was increased constantly.
Apgar Score ; Cesarean Section ; Dystocia ; Eclampsia* ; Female ; Fetal Distress ; Fetus ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant, Newborn ; Maternal Death ; Mortality ; Parturition ; Parturition* ; Perinatal Mortality ; Pre-Eclampsia* ; Pregnancy ; Premature Birth ; Respiration, Artificial ; Rheology ; Trial of Labor ; Umbilical Arteries* ; Uterine Rupture

OBJECTIVES: Manganese is cytotoxic to the central nervous system including basal ganglia. Its toxic mechanism is related to oxidative stress, mediated by toxic free radicals but is specultives. In the present study, we have investigated to manifest apoptosis in manganese-induced cytotoxicity in primary neuronal cell culture of rat basal ganglia. METHOD: To detect apoptotic neuronal cells were stained by the terminal deoxynu-cleotide(TdT)-mediated dUTP nick end-labelling(TUNEL) method and apoptotic changes in nuclei of neurons were observed by electron microscopy. RESULTS: We showed that TUNEL immunostain showed brownish signal in the nuclei of apoptotic cells and the proportions of apoptotic cells in Manganese treatment groups were more higher than controls. On transmission electron microscopy, there were chromatine condensation with margination toward nuclear membrane and condensation of cytoplasm in the treated with luM MnC1, for 48 hours in a basal ganglia neurons. Apoptotic bodies were found and consisted of semilunar-like condensed nuclei with relatively intact cytoplasmic organelles. CONCLUSIONS: Apoptosis appears to be one mechanism in the manganese-induced neuronal cell death. Manganese intoxication is a convenient model for apoptosis study.
Animals ; Apoptosis* ; Basal Ganglia* ; Cell Culture Techniques* ; Cell Death ; Central Nervous System ; Chromatin ; Cytoplasm ; Free Radicals ; In Situ Nick-End Labeling ; Manganese* ; Microscopy, Electron ; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission ; Neurons* ; Nuclear Envelope ; Organelles ; Oxidative Stress ; Rats

Bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ) is a side effect of Bisphosphonates (BPs) use. These days, oral bisphosphonates are normally prescribed to treat osteoporosis. Intravenous BPs are used extensively to treat osteolytic bone lesions related to multiplemyeloma and bone metastasis of solid cancers, breast cancer or prostate cancer. As the prescription of BPs is universalized and the number of people treated with BPs is increasing, an accurate understanding and proper management of BRONJ are required. The aim of this study was to improve the clinicians'understanding of BRONJ by reviewing the literature. To achieve this, this paper introduces case reports as well as the current concept of BRONJ based on the 2009 updates by American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial (AAOMS) including the definition, epidemiology, etiology, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of BRONJ.
Bisphosphonate-Associated Osteonecrosis of the Jaw ; Breast Neoplasms ; Diphosphonates ; Jaw Diseases ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Osteonecrosis ; Osteoporosis ; Prescriptions ; Prostatic Neoplasms

Acknowledgements section was missing. The publisher apologises for these errors.

PURPOSE: The ratio of serum leptin to adiponectin (L/A ratio) could be used as a marker for insulin resistance. However, few prospective studies have investigated the impact of L/A ratio on improvement of metabolic components in high-risk individuals with metabolic syndrome. We examined the association between L/A ratio and the regression of metabolic syndrome in a population-based longitudinal study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 1017 subjects (431 men and 586 women) with metabolic syndrome at baseline (2005–2008) were examined and followed (2008–2011). Baseline serum levels of leptin and adiponectin were analyzed by radioimmunoassay. Area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUROC) analyses were used to assess the predictive ability of L/A ratio for the regression of metabolic syndrome. RESULTS: During an average of 2.8 years of follow-up, metabolic syndrome disappeared in 142 men (32.9%) and 196 women (33.4%). After multivariable adjustment, the odds ratios (95% confidence interval) for regression of metabolic syndrome in comparisons of the lowest to the highest tertiles of L/A ratio were 1.84 (1.02–3.31) in men and 2.32 (1.37–3.91) in women. In AUROC analyses, L/A ratio had a greater predictive power than serum adiponectin for the regression of metabolic syndrome in both men (p=0.024) and women (p=0.019). CONCLUSION: Low L/A ratio is a predictor for the regression of metabolic syndrome. The L/A ratio could be a useful clinical marker for management of high-risk individuals with metabolic syndrome.
Adiponectin* ; Biomarkers ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Insulin Resistance ; Leptin* ; Longitudinal Studies ; Male ; Odds Ratio ; Prospective Studies ; Radioimmunoassay ; ROC Curve

BACKGROUND: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide, for which smoking is considered as the primary risk factor. The present study was conducted to determine whether genetic alterations induced by radon exposure are associated with the susceptible risk of lung cancer in never smokers. METHODS: To accurately identify mutations within individual tumors, next generation sequencing was conduct for 19 pairs of lung cancer tissue. The associations of germline and somatic variations with radon exposure were visualized using OncoPrint and heatmap graphs. Bioinformatic analysis was performed using various tools. RESULTS: Alterations in several genes were implicated in lung cancer resulting from exposure to radon indoors, namely those in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), tumor protein p53 (TP53), NK2 homeobox 1 (NKX2.1), phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), chromodomain helicase DNA binding protein 7 (CHD7), discoidin domain receptor tyrosine kinase 2 (DDR2), lysine methyltransferase 2C (MLL3), chromodomain helicase DNA binding protein 5 (CHD5), FAT atypical cadherin 1 (FAT1), and dual specificity phosphatase 27 (putative) (DUSP27). CONCLUSIONS: While these genes might regulate the carcinogenic pathways of radioactivity, further analysis is needed to determine whether the genes are indeed completely responsible for causing lung cancer in never smokers exposed to residential radon.
Cadherins ; Computational Biology ; DNA-Binding Proteins ; Dual-Specificity Phosphatases ; Genes, Homeobox ; Lung Neoplasms* ; Lung* ; Lysine ; Radioactivity ; Radon* ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor ; Risk Factors ; Smoke ; Smoking ; TYK2 Kinase

An encepholocele is defined as a herniation of cranial contents through a defect in the skull. Encephaloceles are classified accroding to their contents and location. Encephalocele is a useful general term to refer to common features of the various forms of anomaly, but considerable differences exist in the pathology, treatment and prognosis of encephaloceles at each anatomical location. Improved neuroimaging facilities, especially MRI, make it easy not only to detect the encephalocele including its contents and location, but also to get preoperative informations. We have reviewed a total of 22 patients with encephalocele whom we have experienced from 1986, July to 1990, June. Twelve were at occipital location, six at cranial vault, three at cranial base, one at frontoethmoidal location. The size of cranium bifidum and herniating sac of the cranial vault and occipital location is larger than that of frontobasal location. The incidence of associated hydrocephalus is in order of occipital, cranial vault, frontobasal form, and its prognosis is also better in frontobasal form than in occipital of cranial vault form.
Encephalocele* ; Humans ; Hydrocephalus ; Incidence ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Neuroimaging ; Pathology ; Prognosis ; Skull ; Skull Base

Far lateral disc herniation(FLDH) with compression of the nerve root as it exits through the foramen has been a recognized entity for a number of years. Failure to diagonose and precisely localize these herniations can lead to unsuccessful surgical exploration or exploration of the innocent interspace. If these herniation are diagnosed, they often cannot be adequately exposed by the classic minline hemilaminectomy approach. A partial or complete unilateral facetectomy to expose these herniations can lead to vertebral instability or contribute to continued postoperative back pain. The authors present 5 patients who were diagnosed as having far lateral lumbar disc herniations from 1988 to 1990. Two of these were at L4-5 level, two at L5-S1 level and one at L3-4 level and all were over 60 years old. High resolution CT scan appeared to be the best study and the paramedian muscle splitting microsurgical approach, done in 3 cases, was found to be the most direct and favorable anatomical route to FLDH for vertebral stability and minimal postoperative back pain.
Back Pain ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed