OBJECTIVE: In the previous study, we compiled the differentially expressed genes during early folliculogenesis.1 Objective of the present study was to identify downstream target genes of transcription factors (TFs) using bioinformatics for selecting the target TFs among the gene lists for further functional analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: By using bioinformatics tools, constituent domains were identified from database searches using Gene Ontology, MGI, and Entrez Gene. Downstream target proteins/genes of each TF were identified from database searches using TF database (TRANSFAC(R) 6.0) and eukaryotic promoter database (EPD). RESULTS: DNA binding and trans-activation domains of all TFs listed previously were identified, and the list of downstream target proteins/genes was obtained from searche of TF database and promoter database. Based on the known function of identified downstream genes and the domains, 3 (HNF4, PPARg, and TBX2) out of 26 TFs were selected for further functional analysis. The genes of wee1-like protein kinase and p21WAF1 (cdk inhibitor) were identified as potential downstream target genes of HNF4 and TBX2, respectively. PPARg, through protein-protein interaction with other protein partners, acts as a transcription regulator of genes of EGFR, p21WAF1, cycD1, p53, and VEGF. Among the selected 3 TFs, further study is in progress for HNF4 and TBX2, since wee1-like protein kinase and cdk inhibitor may involved in regulating maturation promoting factor (MPF) activity during early folliculogenesis. CONCLUSIONS: Approach used in the present study, in silico analysis of downstream target genes, was useful for analyzing list of TFs obtained from high-throughput cDNA microarray study. To verify its binding and functions of the selected TFs in early folliculogenesis, EMSA and further relevant characterizations are under investigation.
Computational Biology ; Computer Simulation* ; DNA ; Gene Ontology ; Maturation-Promoting Factor ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Protein Kinases ; Transcription Factors* ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A

No abstract available.
Endolymphatic Hydrops*

No abstract available.
Female ; Ovulation*

The femoral neck fracture having concomitant fracture of the femoral shaft occurs predaminantly in young man and have known to associate the serious complications. One of such factures is sometimes overlooked and is possibly due to a more obvious nature of the shaft fracture than that of the ipsilateral neck. Six cases of this type of combined fractures in ipsilateral femur are reported with the review of 1 iteratures. In six cases of the femoral neck fractures, three which were unrecognized at initial examiaation in early phase, resulting in serious residue as much as deformity and avascular necrosis of the femoral head, and other three were recognized in early at initial examination healed in good anatomic position and in due time. Through this observation it is stressed that early discovery and adaquate treatment of the fracture is the only solution to minimize the sequelae.
Congenital Abnormalities ; Femoral Neck Fractures ; Femur ; Femur Neck ; Head ; Neck ; Necrosis

22 cases of giant cell tumor of bone treated between 1973 and 1979 have been reviewed after a miaimum follow-up of two years and following results were obtaind. 1. Fourteen cases (63%) were in the third and fourth decade. 2. Fourteen cases (63%) were located around the knee joint. 3. Five (42%) of the twelve tumors treated by curettage and bone graft recurred. Five tumors treated by En bloc resection and two tumors treated by amputation had no recurrences. 4. Five of six recurrences occured within two years after mitial treatment.
Amputation ; Curettage ; Follow-Up Studies ; Giant Cell Tumor of Bone ; Giant Cell Tumors ; Giant Cells ; Knee Joint ; Recurrence ; Transplants

No abstract available.
Malingering*

No abstract available.
Candida albicans* ; Candida* ; Dentures* ; Detergents*

PURPOSE: Newborn infants with diarrhea, metabolic acidosis and dehydration may develop methemoglobinemia without exposure to oxidizing agents. This study was undertaken to investigate clinical features in the development of methemoglobinemia in newborn infants with diarrhea. METHOD: This study involved 16 newborn infants with diarrhea who were admitted to NICU at Dong San Medical Center between January 1995 and June 1996. We investigated the age of onset of methemoglobinemia, sex ratio, level of methemoglobin in the blood, feeding methods, clinical manifestations, arterial blood gas findings, the results of culture findings and the response to therapy. RESULT: 1) The age of onset was beyond the second week of life in most cases, no sex predilection was noted and formula feeding was used in all cases. 2) Methemoglobin level in the blood was 10.1-20.0% in 7 cases, 20.1-30.0% in 6 cases, 30.1-40.0% in 2 cases and above 40.1% in one case. 3) Clinical rnanifestations on admission: moderate to severe dehydration developed in all patients with diarrhea along with respiratory distress in 13 cases, cyanosis in 6 cases, fever was noted in 5 cases, vomiting in 5 cases, while 2 cases presented with abdominal distention. Combined diseases included metabolic acidosis in most cases (93.8%), hypokalemia in 6, failure to thrive in 3, chronic diarrhea in 2, hyponatremia in 2, necrotizing enterocolitis in 1 and hepatitis was found in one case. 4) In all cases, there were no pathogenic organisms found in either blood or urine cultures along with similar negative findings in stool cultures, and Rotazyme test results using ELISA method were negative. 5) Rehydration and correction of acidosis with sodium bicarbonate was accomplished in all patients and 11 cases with greater than 15% methemoglobin were treated with methylene blue, 2mg/kg as a 1% solution in normal saline. Response to methylene blue was indicated in 1 to 2 hours in all cases although there was a reoccurrence of methemoglobinemia after an initial response in 2 cases, they both responded favorably with retreatment with methylene blue. CONCLUSION: In all newborn infant with diarrhea, dehydration and metabolic acidosis, screening tests for early diagnosis of methemoglobinemia should be considered with prompt fluid replacement therapy.
Acidosis ; Age of Onset ; Cyanosis ; Dehydration ; Diarrhea* ; Early Diagnosis ; Enterocolitis, Necrotizing ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Failure to Thrive ; Feeding Methods ; Fever ; Fluid Therapy ; Hepatitis ; Humans ; Hypokalemia ; Hyponatremia ; Infant* ; Infant, Newborn* ; Mass Screening ; Methemoglobin ; Methemoglobinemia* ; Methylene Blue ; Oxidants ; Retreatment ; Sex Ratio ; Sodium Bicarbonate ; Vomiting

No abstract available.
Female ; Mammals* ; Ovulation* ; Rupture*

No abstract available.
Extraembryonic Membranes* ; Placenta*