No abstract available.
9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene* ; Animals ; Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Estrogens* ; Rats*

No Abstract Available.
Adipose Tissue* ; Glomus Tumor*

Generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by diverse anti-cancer drugs or phytochemicals has been closely related with the induction of apoptosis in cancers. Also, the downregulation of ROS by these chemicals has been found to block initiation of carcinogenesis. Therefore, modulation of ROS by phytochemicals emerges as a crucial mechanism to regulate apoptosis in cancer prevention or therapy. This review summarizes the current understanding of the selected chemical compounds and related cellular components that modulate ROS during apoptotic process. Metformin, quercetin, curcumin, vitamin C, and other compounds have been shown to downregulate ROS in the cellular apoptotic process, and some of them even induce apoptosis in cancer cells. The cellular components mediating the downregulation of ROS include nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 antioxidant signaling pathway, thioredoxin, catalase, glutathione, heme oxygenase-1, and uncoupling proteins. The present review provides information on the relationship between these compounds and the cellular components in modulating ROS in apoptotic cancer cells.
Apoptosis* ; Ascorbic Acid ; Carcinogenesis ; Catalase ; Curcumin ; Down-Regulation* ; Glutathione ; Heme Oxygenase-1 ; Metformin ; Negotiating ; Phytochemicals ; Quercetin ; Reactive Oxygen Species* ; Thioredoxins

No abstract available.
Animals* ; Korea* ; Yersinia pseudotuberculosis* ; Yersinia*

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the occurrence of patient adverse events in Korean hospitals as perceived by nurses and examine the correlation between patient adverse events with the nurse practice environment at nurse and hospital level. METHODS: In total, 3096 nurses working in 60 general inpatient hospital units were included. A two-level logistic regression analysis was performed. RESULTS: At the hospital level, patient adverse events included patient falls (60.5%), nosocomial infections (51.7%), pressure sores (42.6%) and medication errors (33.3%). Among the hospital-level explanatory variables associated with the nursing practice environment, 'physician- nurse relationship' correlated with medication errors while 'education for improving quality of care' affected patient falls. CONCLUSIONS: The doctor-nurse relationship and access to education that can improve the quality of care at the hospital level may help decrease the occurrence of patient adverse events.
Accidental Falls ; Accidents, Occupational ; Adult ; Cross Infection/etiology ; Female ; Hospitals ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Medication Errors ; Middle Aged ; Nurses/*psychology ; Odds Ratio ; Pressure Ulcer/etiology ; *Quality of Health Care ; Questionnaires

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the occurrence of patient adverse events in Korean hospitals as perceived by nurses and examine the correlation between patient adverse events with the nurse practice environment at nurse and hospital level. METHODS: In total, 3096 nurses working in 60 general inpatient hospital units were included. A two-level logistic regression analysis was performed. RESULTS: At the hospital level, patient adverse events included patient falls (60.5%), nosocomial infections (51.7%), pressure sores (42.6%) and medication errors (33.3%). Among the hospital-level explanatory variables associated with the nursing practice environment, 'physician- nurse relationship' correlated with medication errors while 'education for improving quality of care' affected patient falls. CONCLUSIONS: The doctor-nurse relationship and access to education that can improve the quality of care at the hospital level may help decrease the occurrence of patient adverse events.
Accidental Falls ; Accidents, Occupational ; Adult ; Cross Infection/etiology ; Female ; Hospitals ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Medication Errors ; Middle Aged ; Nurses/*psychology ; Odds Ratio ; Pressure Ulcer/etiology ; *Quality of Health Care ; Questionnaires

Increased expression of Transglutaminases 2 (TGase 2, TGase C) was observed in PC-14 human lung cancer cells in association with doxorubicin resistance and the reduction of the enzyme expression was correlated with the increasing cytotoxicity of the drug (Han and Park, 1999). Hydrogen peroxide was suggested to be a key mediator for doxorubicin-induced DNA fragmentation leading to apoptosis. A possible role of hydrogen peroxide as a putative mediator of TGase 2 expression in the doxorubicin sensitive PC-14 cells was examined. TGase 2 expression was increased in PC-14 cells treated with doxorubicin in a dose-dependent manner resulting in the concomitant increase of reactive oxygen species. The rise of TGase 2 expression by doxorubicin treatment was inhibited by N-acetylcysteine or glutathione treatment, while direct addition of hydrogen peroxide to PC-14 cells induced TGase 2 expression. These results suggest that generation of hydrogen peroxide induced by doxorubicin treatment is one of the key factors in an enhancement of TGase 2 expression in PC-14 cells.
Acetylcysteine/pharmacology ; Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology* ; Doxorubicin/pharmacology* ; Enzyme Induction ; Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic ; Glutathione/pharmacology ; Human ; Hydrogen Peroxide/pharmacology ; Hydrogen Peroxide/metabolism* ; Lung Neoplasms/enzymology* ; Protein-Glutamine gamma-Glutamyltransferase/biosynthesis* ; Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism ; Tumor Cells, Cultured/drug effects

No abstract available.
Accidents, Traffic*

BACKGROUND: Glycolic acid has become an important and popular agent for chemical peel. Even though many clinicians perform superficial chemical peel to treat facial acne with glycolic acid, as yet there has been no well-controlled clinical trinls for the comparison of this new peeling agent and Jessner's solution. OBJECTIVE: To compare these two chemical peelI agents, our study was focused on three aspects : 1) treatment effects (acne improvement), 2) side effects (erythema, exfoliation), 3) patients preferences of the treatments. METHOD: Sixteen patients with facial acne vulgaris were treated with 70% glycolic acid and Jessner's solution on each side of the face simultaneously. Treatments were repeated biweekly with acne grading. Patient's subjective preferences were asked after the treatment.
Acne Vulgaris* ; Humans

Ancient schwannoma is a variant of schwannoma and is characterized slowly growing tumor with degenerative change. And it is reported that schwannoma is relatively rare in extensor area. As a rare cause of solitary ancient schwannoma in extensor area of upper arm, we report it.
Arm ; Neurilemmoma