No abstract available.

The authors analysed eleven patients with latent nystagmus who were diagnosed by clinical manifestation and electrooculography during six months. Among them, six patients had monocular amblyopia, four had binocular amblyopia and only one had normal visual acuity. All of them had manifest latent nystagmus which had a small amplitude of nystagmus in binocular fixation. Two of them showed typical latent nystagmus, jerky wave form characterized by decreasing velocity in slow phase and directing to fixing eye. Seven patients showed typical latent nystagmus wave form associated with pendular wave form and two patients showed jerky wave form with increasing velocity in slow phase. Therefore nine patients had componant of infantile nystagmus wave form. Ten of them had strabismus. Among them, five patients had hyper tropia. Three of the hypertropic patients showed dissociated vertical deviation. The authors suggest that the latent nystagmus is a kind of infantile nystagmus, and abnormal ocular conditions such as strabismus and amblyopia affects the infantile motor nystagmus.
Amblyopia ; Electrooculography ; Humans ; Strabismus ; Telescopes ; Visual Acuity

Tensiomyography (TMG) is known as non-invasive method which assesses the muscular characteristics such as contraction velocity or maximal displacement of the belly. The aim of this study was to evaluate muscular responses by TMG after muscle injury and to introduce using TMG first in Korea. This study was performed with a subject who was diagnosed with muscular injury and consent measuring and following up TMG analyses. A female patient, who was diagnosed left hip adductor muscle strain, underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and TMG at intervals of two weeks. We obtained decreased in displace maximum (Dm, 4.14 vs. 5.69) and altered curve shape in the injured muscle at the initial TMG assessment in comparison to the non-injured side. After two weeks, MRI findings and symptom were improved and Dm in the injured side increased as in the non-injured muscle. These findings suggest that a decrease in Dm indicate increased in muscle stiffness after muscle injury, and an increase in Dm as in the non-injured side after two weeks indicate recovered status. TMG may be useful as a simple and non-invasive device for monitoring muscle function after muscle injury and during the recovery.
Female ; Hip ; Humans ; Korea ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging

The aim of this study is to evaluate the contractile properties of thigh muscles in bodybuilders through tensiomyography (TMG). Our hypothesis is that maximal displacement (Dm) in bodybuilders would be lower than in controls because Dm is increased when the muscle is stiffed or hypertrophied. Nine bodybuilder athletes and 15 university students were assessed by TMG. The biceps femoris (BF), semitendinosus (ST), vastus lateralis, vastus medialis (VM), and rectus femoris (RF) were evaluated. The TMG parameters obtained for each muscle were Dm, contraction time (Tc). And we calculated contraction velocity (Vc) as the rate of the radial displacement occurring during the time period of Tc with respect to Tc. Dm values of all muscles in bodybuilders were significantly higher compared to the control group. There were no significant differences in Tc values of most muscles except right BF and ST muscles. Vc values of VM, RF, and ST muscles were lower in bodybuilders than in the control group. This is the first report about TMG assessment of muscle hypertrophy. We found that Dm was most effective in detecting muscle hypertrophy and muscle stiffness secondary to muscle hypertrophy could induce decrease in Dm and Vc.
Athletes ; Humans ; Hypertrophy ; Muscle, Skeletal* ; Muscles ; Quadriceps Muscle ; Thigh

Muscle injuries are very common in sports fields so diagnosis and prevention of them are as important as treatment in sports medicine. Many other devices for muscle diagnostics are provided, but non-invasiveness, cost, validity and reliability become a good measure of diagnosing and monitoring athletes. Tensiomyography (TMG) has been developed in the late 1980s to evaluate deficient muscle initially, and it was introduced into sports medicine and athletic training. It is a simple to use selective and non-invasive for measuring a skeletal muscle response. The method is based on the measurement of the radial displacement of muscle belly, which is caused by an electrical stimulator. The displacement is measured with an electric sensor which is connected to a computer system. It gives the information of maximal displacement of the belly (Dm) with following time parameters: delay time, contraction time (Tc), sustain time, and relaxation time. TMG studies usually focus on two common parameters: Tc and Dm. An increase in Tc indicates a muscle with a predominance of slow-twitch fibers. A decrease in Dm indicates an increase in muscle stiffness or tone. Other studies have been mainly associated with physiological characteristics of muscles, risk factors for muscle or ligament injuries, muscle fatigue, and muscle diseases such as multiple sclerosis. We think the application of TMG to the sports field can reduce the risk of sports injuries and increase performance of athletes. In medical field, it allows functional diagnosis of muscle strain, monitoring rehabilitation, and modifying treatment strategy effectively.
Athletes ; Athletic Injuries ; Computer Systems ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Ligaments ; Multiple Sclerosis ; Muscle Fatigue ; Muscle, Skeletal ; Muscles ; Rehabilitation ; Relaxation ; Reproducibility of Results ; Risk Factors ; Sports ; Sports Medicine

No abstract available.
Toluene*

We investigate the effect of a new photoscreening camera designed to detect amblyogenic factors including strabismus, asymmetric and abnormal refractive errors and media opacities. The photoscreener uses eccentric photorefraction principles and provides two meridian photographs of the retinal reflex. Pass/fail screening data from photograph of 58 nondilated children, determined by two masked observers, were compared with data from complete ophthalmologic examinations. Photoscreener had a sensitivity rate of 92.0%, a specificity rate of 72.2%, a positive predictive value of 94.8%, a negative predictive value of 61.9% and overall agreement rate of 90.5%. The new two-flash photoscreenig camera, which uses high-speed polaroid film, is an accurate and reliable method of detecting amblyogenic factors in undilated children, and the camera promise as a useful mass screening tool.
Child ; Humans ; Masks ; Mass Screening ; Reflex ; Refractive Errors ; Retinaldehyde ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Strabismus

Tensiomyography (TMG) is used to evaluate the contraction characteristics of the thigh muscles according to gender. Our hypothesis is that male's maximal displacement (Dm) will be lower than the control because the Dm increases when the muscle becomes stiff or hypertrophied. TMG evaluated 15 males and 12 females. The biceps femoris, semitendinosus, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, and rectus femoris were evaluated. The TMG parameters obtained for each muscle were Dm and contraction time (Tc). And we calculated contraction velocity (Vc) as the rate of the radial displacement occurring during the time period of Tc with respect to Tc. Dm and Vc values of biceps femoris muscles were significantly lower in males than in controls, whereas Dm and Vc values of vastus medialis muscles were significantly lower in females than males. The Tc values of males were significantly higher in right and bilateral sum than females. This is the first report on TMG assessment by gender. We found that it is the most effective in finding muscle contraction characteristics according to gender and can induce the difference between the Dm and Vc of each muscle.
Female ; Humans ; Lower Extremity* ; Male ; Muscle Contraction ; Muscles ; Quadriceps Muscle ; Thigh

PURPOSE: To report a case of acute endophthalmitis associated with 23-gauge transconjunctival sutureless vitrectomy and gas tamponade for macular hole surgery. CASE SUMMARY: A 66-year-old female patient who presented with a macular hole in the left eye was treated with 23-gauge transconjunctival sutureless vitrectomy. On postoperative day 2, the patient developed acute endophthalmitis and was treated with gas-fluid exchange, lensectomy and intravitreal antibiotic injection. Staphylococcus epidermidis was detected in the vitreous fluid of the operated eye. Intraoperative fundus findings showed severe retinal hemorrhage, vascular occlusion and fibrous membranes due to inflammatory response. After treatment, the patient's fundus findings markedly improved and the inflammatory response was controlled. CONCLUSIONS: Acute endophthalmitis after sutureless vitrectomy performed via intraocular gas injection may quickly result in inflammation and disease due to infection. Immediate reoperation and intravitreal antibiotic injections are recommended in such cases.
Aged ; Endophthalmitis ; Eye ; Female ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Membranes ; Reoperation ; Retinal Hemorrhage ; Retinal Perforations ; Staphylococcus epidermidis ; Vitrectomy

Nesidioblastosis in one of the causes of hyperinsulinemic hypoglysemia in infancy. The most important goal of treatment for persistent hypoglycemia is the prevention of permanent brain damage. The early surgical management is satisfactory to this goal in nesidioblastosis and maintains normal blood sugar level without administration of drugs or supplement of sugar postperatively in many cases. We experienced a female infant of 3 months old who has suffered from persistent hypoglysemia due to hyperinsulinism and was suspected nesidioblastosis for ' its cause clinically. She underwent 95% distal pancreatectomy. The histologic findings of nesidioblastosis was confirmed postoperatively. No postoperative complication was occured and her blood sugar levels were maintained within normal range without medical treatment.
Blood Glucose ; Brain ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperinsulinism ; Hypoglycemia ; Infant ; Nesidioblastosis ; Pancreatectomy ; Postoperative Complications ; Reference Values