No abstract available.
Hypertrophy*

In order to observe the effects of various click polarity and stimulus rate on brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEPs), we measured the absolute latency, interwave latency and amplitude. Variations of IV-V wave complex in different stimulus rate and polarity were also observed. Observations were made on 50 normal subjects(32 males and 18 females) aged 8 to 56. The results are summarized as follows, 1. With rarefaction click stimulation, the absolute latencies of wave I and wave V were shortest, and wave I and wave III amplitudes were most increased as compared with condensation or alternating-polarity. 2. The absolute latencies of wave I and wave V were most prolonged and wave V amplitude was highest with condensation clicks. 3. I - III, III -V and I - V interwave latencies were not significantly changed between any of polarities. 4. By increasing stimulus rate from 10 click / sec to 50 click / sec, absolute and interwave latencies were significantly prolonged. Except wave V amplitude at condensation and alter-nating-polarity clicks, all wave amplitudes were decreased significantly. 5. The waveforms were classified into 5 types according to configuration of IV - V wave complex. At any conditions, type A and B were present most frequently. We proposed that if one is to employ only a single stimulus polarity, rarefaction clicks should be used because this will produce the earliest and largest wave I. Condensation can be used in those cases in whom rarefaction does not produce clar waveforms, or when wave V appears absent. The use of alternating-polarity clicks as the only mode of stimulation is discouraged because of the possibility of phase cancellations.
Brain Stem* ; Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem* ; Humans ; Male

No abstract available.
Kinetics* ; Wrist*

A clinical study was made on 14 cases of coronary sinus rhythm and 17 cases of left atrial rhythm seen at the Kyungpook University Hospital during the past 13 years. The incidence of coronary sinus rhythm among 23, 137 electrocardiograms was 0.07% and that of left atrial rhythm was 0.08%. Among the various types of left atrial rhythm as diagnosed by Mirowski's criteria, type III, posterior type and inferior type were far more common than others. The most common underlying diseases were heart diseases in both coronary sinus rhythm and left atrial rhythm: five cases out of 14 in the former and 11 cases out of 17 in the latter were cardiac cases, respectively.
Coronary Sinus* ; Electrocardiography ; Gyeongsangbuk-do ; Heart Diseases ; Incidence

It is essential to define the mechanical and morphological characteristics of bone in undrestanding the mechanism and treatment of fractrues of bone. We already reported the results of bending study in 1983 and tension study in 1987 to assess the mechanical and morphological changes of bone according to the growth. Following these studies, we performed torsion study on growing long bone to have better understanding of the characteristics of bone. In order to assess the mechanical and morphological properties of fracture of growing bone by torsion, we divided 100 Newzealand white rabbits(40 1-month-old rabbits, 20 3-months old rabbits and 40 5-months-old rabbits) into 6 experimental groups according to their maturity and side : Group 1(right femur of 1 month old), Group 2( left femur of 1 month old), Group 3(right femur of 3 months old), Group 4(left femur of 3 months old), Group 5(right femur of 5 months old), Group 6(left femur of 5 months old). Each group of femora were loaded in torsion with varing distance and the following results were obtained: 1. Fracture shapes were composed of the spiral component and the vertical component which connected the two ends of the spiral component. 2. Younger bones revealed greater deformation angle and apex angle but less obliquity than older bones. 3. When the gap between the grips were lengthened three times, there was a very signi ficant increase of deformation angle and obliquity but apex angle was decreased and the fracture angle showed little change. 4. It was necessary to measure the apex angle and obliquity in the morphological description of fractures by torsion. 5. We observed when a certain degree of angular deformity was applied on a bone at a certain age, the fracture was occured through the tension failure regardless of types of loading forces.
Congenital Abnormalities ; Femur ; Hand Strength ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Rabbits

After ocular contusion the ocular tension is unstable and may show considerable variation, sometimes being raised, sometimes lowered. But ocular contusion is one of the commonest causes of ocular hypotension, which may be dramatic and indeed, may be the dominant factor in determining the fate of the eye. The lowering ocular tension is slowly attaining its normal height after some variation, that this instability is frequently shared by the uninjured fellow eye. We had experienced a fall in tension-ocular hypotension as 0 mm.Hg. lasting for 13 day by ocular contusion, which was associated with mild anterior uveitis, Descemet's membrane tear, localized angle recession and hypotonic retinal changes, and shared lower ocular tension by the uninjured eye, as l4.6 mmHg. All these acute ocular hypotensive symptoms and signs were recovered 27 days after contusion, but mild Descemet's scar and angle recession with peripheral anterior synechia were remained. The final IOP in both eyes was 18.3 mmHg, and the visual acuity was 20/20.
Cicatrix ; Contusions* ; Descemet Membrane ; Hypotension ; Intraocular Pressure ; Ocular Hypotension* ; Retinaldehyde ; Uveitis, Anterior ; Visual Acuity

Recent studies have revealed that mossy fiber(MF) axons of dentate granule cells undergo synaptic reorganization in both electrical kindling models of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) and human TLE. This synaptic reorganization has been demonstrated by Timm histochemistry which selectively labels synaptic terminals of MF because of unusually high zinc content. Of MF. In electrical kindling model and human TLE Timm granules were distributed throughout the supragranular layer of dentate gyrus where they are not normally present. These supragranular Timm granules are regarded as MF synaptic reorganization. Kindling model of generalized epilepsy can be made by repeated intraperitoneal injections of subconvulsive dosage of pentylenetetrazol (PTZ). The present study is designed to test the hypothesis that MF synaptic reorganization might be developed in PTZ kindling model In this study, the supragranular Timm granules by Timm histochemistry were scored and depth EEG was recorded in dentate gyrus of various stages of PTZ kindling rats. The scores of supragranular Timm granules were 0. 33+0.17 in stage I seizure (n=9) ; 0. 38 + 0. 14 in stage II seizure (n=13) ; 0. 44 + 0. 18 in stage III seizure (n=9) ; 1. 40+0.16 in 3 consecutive or total 5-7 stage TV or V seizure (n=10) ; 1. 86+ 0.26 in 7-10 consecutive or total 10-15 stage IV or V seizure (n=7) ; 2.50+0.22 in 1215 consecutive or total 20-30 stage IV or V seizure (n=6) ; and 0. 30+0.15 in salinen controls (n=lo). Statistical analysis showed the supragranular Timm scorwere significantly higher in stage IV or V seizure than in control and in stage 1, I or, I seizure (p<0.05 ), and tended to increase with increasing numbers of stage IV or V seizure. Depth EEG recording from dentate gyrus showed 6-9Hz rhythmic waves in saline injected control, single or polyspikes or normal waves during stage I seizure, 4-6Hz slow waves or spike-waves complexes lasting 1-2 seconds during stage II seizure, 4-6Hz slow waves or spike-waves complexes lasting 3-6 seconds during stage III seizure, 8-15Hz spikes lasting over 10 seconds during stage IV seizure and 10-30HZ spikes lastmg over 20 seconds durmg stage V seizure The results demonstrate the development of MF synaptic reorganization and a sound correlation between MF synaptic reorganization and the progression of the kindlmg phenomenon in PTZ kindling models. These findings suggest that MF synaptic reorganization might be a critical event underlying the development and . Maintenance of kindling phenomenon and epileptic state.
Animals ; Axons ; Dentate Gyrus* ; Electroencephalography ; Epilepsy, Generalized ; Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe ; Humans ; Injections, Intraperitoneal ; Pentylenetetrazole* ; Presynaptic Terminals ; Rats* ; Seizures ; Zinc

The authors presented a family whose 4 siblings had been suffered from oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy of autoscmal recessive trend, with symptoms of progressive ptosis, external ophthalmoplegia, dysarthria, dysphagia and facial muscle atrophy, and we performed HLA study on these 9 family members which showed no interrelationship between oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy and HLA Haplotypes.
Atrophy ; Deglutition Disorders ; Dysarthria ; Facial Muscles ; Haplotypes ; Histocompatibility Testing* ; Humans ; Muscular Dystrophy, Oculopharyngeal* ; Ophthalmoplegia ; Siblings

A 46 years old male patient had visited to our Ophthalmology department due to abrupt onset of decreased visual acuity in his left eye. He had taken an operation for correction of high myopic astigmatism on both eyes 23 years ago in Japan by Dr. Sato. His visual acuity was: (R)0.3(0.7 x Sph. + 0.75D. = Cyl. - 5.50D.A10 degrees) (L)0.15(0.2 x Sph. - 2.50D. = Cyl. - 2.25D. A180 degrees). On slit lamp examination. hoth cornea had 3mm. (length) radiated linear scars in a number about 50 resulted from myopic operation. In his left cornea, several small vesicles and mild corneal central opacity were observed. We have diagnosed this symptom as artificial corneal endothelial Dystrophy.
Astigmatism ; Cicatrix ; Cornea ; Humans ; Japan ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Myopia* ; Ophthalmology ; Visual Acuity

A clinical study was done on 161 patients (male 94, female 67) with the first onset of seizure over the age of 16 who were admitted to Keimyung University Hospital from 1979 to 1983 in order to analyze the causative factors, the age distribution at onset, the seizure pattern and E.E.G. findings. The results were summarized as follows. 1. The etiological factors of 161 seizure patients revealed metabolic encephalophaties 75 cases (46.6%), cerebrovascular disease 26 cases (16.2%), unknown cause 21 cases (13%), CNS infectious disease 17 cases (10.6%), posttraumatic seizure 12 cases (7.5%), brain tumor proved by brain biopsy 8 (5%) and hysteric seizure 2 cases in order of frequency. 2. Among the 75 cases of metabolic encephalopathies, the most common cause was drug intoxication (34 cases), followed by alcohol withdrawal seizure (21 cases), water intoxication (5 cases), uremia and hypocalcemia (4cases respectively), hepatic encephalopathies (3 cases) and then hypoglycemia and anoxia (2 cases respectively) in order of frequency. Among the 26 cases of cerebrovascular disease, spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage was presented in 9 cases, intracerebral hemorrhage and cerebral infarction in 7 cases respectively and arteriovenous malformation in 3 cases. Among the 17 cases of CNS infectious diseae, meningitis was presented in 9 cases, Japanese B encephalitis in 3 cases, paragonimiasis in 2 cases, and then cerebral cysticercosis, tuberculoma, and focal cerebritis in 1 case respectively. Among the 8 cases of brain tumor, meningioma was presented in 5 cases, oligodendroglioma, glioblastoma multiforme and epidermoid cyst in 1 case respectively. 3. The mean age at the onset of each causes of seizure revealed metabolic encephalopathies 38 yrs. CNS infectious disease 33 yrs, posttraumatic seizure 34 yrs, arteriovenous malformation 23 yrs, brain tumor 42 yrs, and cerebrovascular disease 54 yrs. 4. The most frequent seizure pattern of 161 patients was the generalized seizure in 126 cases (78.3%) followed by the partial elementary seizure in 29 case and the partial seizure with secondary generalization in 6 cases. The incidence of partial seizure was slightly higher than the generalized seizure in brain tumor and CNS infectious disease. 5. There were no correlation between the E.E.G. degree and causative factors of seizure.
Adult* ; Age Distribution ; Alcohol Withdrawal Seizures ; Anoxia ; Arteriovenous Malformations ; Biopsy ; Brain ; Brain Diseases, Metabolic ; Brain Neoplasms ; Cerebral Hemorrhage ; Cerebral Infarction ; Communicable Diseases ; Cysticercosis ; Encephalitis, Japanese ; Epidermal Cyst ; Female ; Generalization (Psychology) ; Glioblastoma ; Hepatic Encephalopathy ; Humans ; Hypocalcemia ; Hypoglycemia ; Incidence ; Meningioma ; Meningitis ; Oligodendroglioma ; Paragonimiasis ; Seizures* ; Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ; Tuberculoma ; Uremia ; Water Intoxication