PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship among family support, stress and quality of life according to the phases of illness in breast cancer patients. METHODS: A descriptive correlational study was employed with 121 breast cancer patients. The data was collected by using self reported questionnaire. Self reported data was collected by using the Family support scale, Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), and EORTC QLQ-BR23. Phases of illness consisted 1st phase, 2nd phase, 3rd phase. RESULTS: The score of family supporting, stress and quality of life showed a statically differences according to the phase of illness. Family supporting and stress had negative relation in the first, second and third phase. Family supporting and quality of life in function area had positive relation in the first, second phase. There was no relation between family supporting and quality of life in symptom area. Stress, quality of life in symptom area and quality of life in function area had correlation in the first, third phase. CONCLUSION: This study suggest that the new nursing implementation should be considered according to the phase of illness in order to improve the family supporting and quality of life and reduce the stress in breast cancer patients through this study results.
Breast ; Breast Neoplasms ; Humans ; Quality of Life ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Self Report

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to investigate bradycardia as an adverse effect after administration of dexmedetomidine during 33degrees C target temperature management. METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted on patients who underwent 33degrees C target temperature management in the emergency department during a 49-month study period. We collected data including age, sex, weight, diagnosis, bradycardia occurrence, target temperature management duration, sedative drug, and several clinical and laboratory results. We conducted logistic regression for an analysis of factors associated with bradycardia. RESULTS: A total of 68 patients were selected. Among them, 39 (57.4%) showed bradycardia, and 56 (82.4%) were treated with dexmedetomidine. The odds ratio for bradycardia in the carbon monoxide poisoning group compared to the cardiac arrest group and in patients with higher body weight were 7.448 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.834-30.244, p = 0.005) and 1.058 (95% CI 1.002-1.123, p = 0.044), respectively. In the bradycardia with dexmedetomidine group, the infusion rate of dexmedetomidine was 0.41 +/- 0.15 microg/kg/h. Decisions of charged doctor's were 1) slowing infusion rate and 2) stopping infusion or administering atropine for bradycardia. No cases required cardiac pacing or worsened to asystole. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the frequent occurrence of bradycardia after administration of dexmedetomidine during 33degrees C target temperature management, bradycardia was completely recovered after reducing infusion rate or stopping infusion. However, reducing the infusion rate of dexmedetomidine lower than the standard maintenance dose could be necessary to prevent bradycardia from developing in patients with higher body weight or carbon monoxide poisoning during 33degrees C targeted temperature management.
Atropine ; Body Weight ; Bradycardia* ; Carbon Monoxide Poisoning ; Dexmedetomidine* ; Diagnosis ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Heart Arrest ; Humans ; Hypothermia, Induced ; Logistic Models ; Odds Ratio ; Retrospective Studies

In contrast to the nodular renal blastema which is defined by nests of primitive metanephric cells after 36 weeks of gestation, the nephroblastomatosis is characterized by neoplastic proliferation of the primitive cells. This lesion is presumed to be closely related to the development of Wilms' tumor. We report a case of bilateral nephroblastomatosis associated with Wilms' tumor in a child. This 4 1/2 year-old girl was admitted because of a 10 cm-sized round mass in the right kidney, and smaller nodules in the left kidney and the lung. After three cycles of chemotherapy and subsequent disappearance of the nodules in the left kidney and lung, she underwent a right nephrectomy and a wedge resection of the left kidney. A round Wilms' tumor mass was seen in the lower pole of the right kidney. Remaining right renal cortex showed multiple, slightly depressed gray-white nodules associated with multiple samll cysts. They were comprised of multifocal subcapsular nests of primitive nephrogenic cells with focal tubular or glomerular differentiation. They resembled fetal renal tissue. In the left kidney, similar nests of primitive cells were also noted. These lesions were interpreted as multifocal perilobar type of nephroblastomatosis.
Child ; Male ; Female ; Humans

No abstract available.
Skull Base* ; Skull*

BACKGROUND: There are many rating scales for assessment of geriatrics. But each of these scales were not sufficient to evaluate comprehensive geriatric assessment, physical and psychologic efforts for care. METHODS: We developed new scales to comprehensive geriatric assessment for care of geriatric patients. The Geriatrics Physical Support Scale(GPSS) evaluates physical effort consists of 10 areas and the Geriatrics Global Support Scale(GGSS) evaluates general condition of patients consist of 6 areas. Eighty probable and possible AD patients received the Clinical Dementia Rating Rating Scale(CDR), Korearn version of Mini-Mental State Examination(K-MMSE), Barthel Activity of Daily Living Index(B-ADL) GPSS, GGSS. We tested internal consistency, correlation among dementia rating scales. RESULTS: The GPSS correlated to CDR -0.63(p<0.01), B-ADL -0.90(p<0.01) and the GGSS correlated to CDR -0.60(p<0.01), B-ADL -0.75(p<0.01). The internal consistency were 0.69(GGSS), 0.92(GPSS). CONCLUSION: The Geriatrics Global Support Scale evaluate general condition of patients and the Geriatrics Physical Support Scale evaluate physical efforts needed for care of geriatric patients. These scales an also brief and easy rating scales to grade degree of caregiver`s burden.
Dementia ; Geriatric Assessment ; Geriatrics* ; Humans ; Physical Exertion ; Reproducibility of Results* ; Weights and Measures

It has been known that CT scan shows only a few abnormalities within the first hours of acute ischemic stroke. We investigated the frequency and the predictive value of early CT scan signs of ischemia for late infarct locations In acute middle cerebral artery (MCA) territory stroke. Precontrast CT (PCT) scans were performed in the 35 consecutive patients with cerebral anterior circulation infarction within 6 hours after the onset of stroke. We confirmed MCA territory infarction on follow-up PCT or MRI within 3 to 7 days. The locations of infarction were classified deep, superficial, and total (deep and superficial) infarction on follow-up PCT or MRI. The initial PCT was abnormal in 74.3% (26/3s). The locations of infarction were deep in 10, superficial in 8, and total in 14. Abnormal findings of the initial PCT were attenuation of lentiform nucleus (ALN) in 18 patients, loss of insular ribbon (LIR) in 11, hemispheric sulcus effacement (HSE) in 10, hyperdense MCA sign (HMCAS) in 2, and small subcortical low attenuation in 2. Of 24 patients with late infarction in basal ganglia 18 (75%) had ALN on initial PCT. Of 17 patients with late infarction in insular cortex 11 (65%) had LIR. Of IS patients with late infarction in cerebral cortex 10 (67%) had HSE. Early PCT signs were correlated with late locations of MCA territory infarction : ALN - deep infarct, HSE - superficial infarct, LIR - superficial infarct, HMCAS - total infarction. Our findings suggest that PCT frequently discloses abnormalities during the first hours of ischemic stroke. Early signs of ischemia on the initial PCT scan may predict the late infarct locations on follow-up study.
Basal Ganglia ; Cerebral Cortex ; Corpus Striatum ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Infarction ; Ischemia ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Middle Cerebral Artery* ; Stroke* ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed*

Objectives: Dental caries and periodontal disease are infectious and chronic diseases. The aim of the study was to investigate the antimicrobial effect of mentha extracts against Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans ) and Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis ). Methods: This activity of mentha extracts were confirmed by the disk diffusion test and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) and colony forming unit (CFU) assays. Results: S. mutans and P. gingivalis showed the highest antimicrobial activity within the inhibition zones. The antimicrobial activity was interrupted as the MIC and MBC of the herbal extracts against the two bacteria were 1 mg/ml and 10 mg/ml, respectively. The antimicrobial effect was determined by the CFU assay. Conclusions Mentha herb extract demonstrated potential antimicrobial activity against S. mutans and P. gingivalis that cause dental caries and periodontal disease.

PURPOSE: This study was performed to evaluate the accuracy of two different methods of performing the tongue blade test (TBT) on patients with mandible fractures. METHODS: A prospective randomized trial was performed over 28 months, and the accuracy of TBT for the diagnosis of patients with mandibular fractures was evaluated using the radiographic confirmative diagnosis as the gold standard. A consecutive sample of 126 patients (36 mandibular fractures) were enrolled to this study. Method A is addressed the patient's ability to grasp a tongue blade between his teeth and hold the blade against a twistling motion, and Method B is to addressed the patient's ability to grasp a tongue blade between his teeth and then to hold the tongue blade against the examiner's mild effort to remove it. We compared the accuracy of the two methods. RESULTS: The sensitivity of method A was 95.0% (19/20), and that of method B was 93.8% (15/16). The specificities of the two methods were 68.8% and 64.4%, respectively. No statistically significant difference was found between the two methods (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Based on this study, we conclude that we can choose either of the two method and that both methods of TBT are highly effective screening tests for diagnosing mandibular fractures.
Diagnosis ; Hand Strength ; Humans ; Mandible ; Mandibular Fractures* ; Mass Screening ; Prospective Studies ; Tongue* ; Tooth

Renal cell carcinoma may metastasize to various portions of the body but dissemination to the prostate is very rare. The presenting symptom of a 79 year old man was acute urinary retention which was clinically thought to be benign prostatic hyperplasia. Radical nephrectomy was performed 22 months ago due to renal cell carcinoma. The histologic examination of the transurethral resection specimen demonstrated metastatic renal cell carcinoma and there was no distant metastasis except the lymph node.
Aged ; Carcinoma, Renal Cell* ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; Neoplasm Metastasis* ; Nephrectomy ; Prostate* ; Prostatic Hyperplasia ; Urinary Retention

PURPOSE: Gaining vascular access is difficult and time-consuming in critically ill children, so nowdays, in many countries, intraosseous vascular access is frequently used for rapid vascular access in critically ill children. Its pharmacokinetics is close to that of the peripheral intravenous route, but its infusion flow rate is faster. The purpose of this study was to determine how widely the intraosseous infusion technique was being used in Korean emergency departments. METHODS: We telephoned forty-two (42) randomly selected university-affiliated hospitals. We asked physicians if they use the intraosseous infusion technique. Responders were emergency and pediatric residents and emergency faculty. If they responded that they were not using the intraosseous infusion technique, we asked the reason. Also, we asked about their experiences with the intraosseous infusion technique. RESULTS: Forty-two (42) hospitals were enrolled in this study. No hospital used the intraosseous infusion technique on a regular basis. However, 8 hospitals used the intraosseous infusion technique occasionally. None of the responders had experience with the intraosseous infusion technique. CONCLUSION: The intraosseous infusion technique is currently underrepresented at emergency departments in Korea.
Child ; Critical Illness ; Emergencies* ; Emergency Service, Hospital* ; Humans ; Infusions, Intraosseous* ; Korea* ; Pharmacokinetics