Though there is a great progress in research of medical ethics in China, a gap still remains between China and the developed countries now. Medical ethics committees are established one after another in many hospitals, but the level of standardization construction and ethical review level differ in thousands ways. The construction of ethical review platform on TCM can standardize the construction and investigation procedure, and can further enhance the ethical review level of medical ethics committee. Among them, institutional improvement of regulations and procedures can be acquired in short time, but the enhancement of ethical review level needs a long way to go. This article aimed to probe the thinking and methods on the enhancement of ethical review level through the practice and experience of the construction of TCM ethical review platform.

Objective] The article explores and analyses the clinical dialectical experience of my postgraduate tutor in the treatment on chronic abdominal pain of children. [Methods]From following professor Sang Gao clinical studies,summarize the experience and thoughts of treating chronic abdominal pain of children,and with a case. [Results]My tutor believes that the pathogenesis of chronic abdominal pain of children caused by weakness of middle energizer, disorder of Qi, which lead to the spleen deficiency and qi stagnation, to cure the disease must treat with liver and spleen together, with activating the spleen and regulating the liver, harmonizing stomach and relieving pain as a rule which can achieve good effect. [Conclusion] Activating the spleen and regulating the liver is an effective treatment, it is worthy of in-depth study and promotion.

Objective To evaluate the associations of human leukocyte antigen(HLA)-DQ gene with autoimmune polyglandular syndrome(APS),type 1 diabetic mellitus(T1DM) and autoimmune thyroid disease(AITD).Methods Fifteen cases of APS,29 cases of T1DM and 40 cases of AITD were selected as research subjects,while 27 healthy children were selected as controls.The DQA1 and DQB1 alleles were determined by polymerase chain reaction(PCR) and sequence-based typing method.The difference of their frequency in children and adolescents was analyzed.Results Compared with controls,APS and T1DM patients had increased frequency of subjects with DQA1*0301,0501(all P

AIM: To investigate the contraction effect of essential oil of Radix Angelicae Sinensis on isolated uterus in rats. METHODS: Isolated uterine strips of rats were used to observe the reactions in the presence of oxytocine and high k + depolarization solution. RESULTS: The isolated rat uterus contraction induced by oxytocin and Ca 2+ after high K + depolarization was dose dependently inhibited by the essential oil. The cumulative dose response curves of CaCl 2 shifted to right and the maximal responses were depressed. This showed that the essential oil was a non competitive antagonist. The extracellular and intracellular Ca 2+ dependent contraction evoked by oxytocin could also be inhibited by the essential oil. CONCLUSION: The essential oil of Radix Angelicae Sinensis could inhibit the contractility of the isolated uteri, and it might act as an Ca 2+ antagonist to relax the isolated rat uterus.

AIM: To evaluate the protective effect of rapid phase of ischemic preconditioning against spinal cord ischemic injury in rabbits. METHODS: Thirty six male New Zealands white rabbits were randomly assigned to 3 groups (12 in each group): ischemia and reperfusion injury group (IR group), ischemic preconditioning + IR group (IPC+IR group) and sham operation group (sham). In IR group, spinal cord ischemia was induced by an infrarenal aorta clamping for 20 min; The rabbits in IPC+IR group underwent a 6 min ischemic preconditioning followed by 30 min of reperfusion before the 20 min clamping; The rabbits in sham group underwent the same procedures as the IR group except for infrarental aortic unclamping. Neurologic status was scored at 8, 12, 24 and 48 h after reperfusion. All animals were sacrificed at 48 h after reperfusion and the spinal cords (L_(5-7)) were removed for histopathologic study and determination of the activity of Na~+, K~+-ATPase. RESULTS: The neurologic function scores in sham group and IPC+IR group at each observation interval were higher than those in IR group (P

ObjectiveTo investigate the distribution of Kashin-Beck disease(KBD) in Tibet, and assess the disease status. Methods Between 2007 and 2008, a survey was done on KBDepidemiology which was carried out in four prefectures of 26 counties according to the east, south, west, north and center in Nakchu,Lhoca, Nyingtri and Shigatse districts of Tibet, with towns and villages as baseline survey points. According to the KBD e survey scheme, KBD clinical examination for adults was also carried out and at the same time clinical and right hand anteroposterior X-ray examinations were given to children aged 4 - 13. The partition of endemic area was based on the criteria of national standards for Kashin-Beck disease diagnoses《GB 16395-1996》. Slight KBD area:clinical prevalence of Kashin-Beck disease grade Ⅰ and above was less than 10％ or X-ray detection rate ＜ 10％ of children; the moderate prevalent KBD area: clinical prevalence of Kashin-Beck disease grade Ⅰ and above was between 10％ and 20％ or X-ray detection rate was between 10％ and 30％ of children; severe KBD area: clinical prevalence of KBD grade Ⅰ and above was more than 20％ or X-ray detection rate was higher than 30％ of children.ResultsA total of 108 townships of 26 counties were surveyed, 14 686 adults were clinically examined, cases detection of grade Ⅰ and above were 637 people, the prevalence was 4.34％, and no case of grade Ⅲ was detected.Of 5769 children's right anteroposterior X-ray film, 102 were detected positive; the prevalence rate was 1.77％.Metaphysis was affected in most of the child cases, which accounting for 89.2％ (91/102). Amongst all the counties, there were 10 counties, clinical detection rate of adult KBD was 0, and children's X-ray detection rate of KBD was also 0. In 1 county the clinical prevalence rate for adults KBD was 0 and X-ray detection rate for children was 3.66(7/191 ). In 12 counties the clinical prevalence rate for adults KBD was between 1.03％ and 7.54％, X-ray detection rate for children was between 0 and 7.76％, amongst all these counties surveyed there were 5 counties,the detection rate for children was 0. In 3 counties the clinical prevalence rate for adult KBD was between 10.69％and 13.88％, the X-ray detection rate for children was between 5.31％ and 7.76％. Conclusions According to the criteria for diagnoses of KBD, within the 26 counties surveyed, 10 counties are non-endemic areas, 13 counties are slight endemic areas, 3 counties are medium endemic areas. So far, KBD is prevalent in 52 counties of 7 prefectures (cities) in Tibet, the disease is widely distributed, the situation is still severe, and there is a need to continue to strengthen KBD surveillance.

In almost all biologic systems, mechanically induced electric charge separation is a fundamental phenomenon. Since the hypothesis was established that the generation of electric potentials in bone by mechanical stress including muscular force might control the activity in bone by mechanical stress including muscular force might control the activity of osseous cells and their biopolymeric byproduct, the concept of electrically mediate growth mechanism, which involves biological growth and bone remodeling by any means, in living systems has been applied clinically and experimentally to orthopedic fracture repair, the regulation of orthodontic tooth movement, epiphyseal cartilage regeneration, etc. On the other hand, recent numerous research data available show apparently that the mandibular condyle has the characteristics of growth center as well as growth site. In addition, there exists a considerable difference of opinion as to the role of external pterygoid muscle in condylar growth. In view of these evidences, this. experiment was performed to investigate the effect of the galavic current on the growth of the mandible and condyle for elucidating the nature of condylar growth. The bimetallic device was composed of silver and platinum electrode connected with resistor (3.9 Mohm), which was expected to produce galvanic current of 23.6 nA according to the galvanic principle. The 25 Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into two group, 2 week group comprising 8 animals exposed to galanic current for 2 weeks and 3 control animals not exposed for 2 weeks, 4 week group comprising 10 animals in experimental group and 4 animals in control group applied for 4 weeks respectively. The experimental rats were subjected to application of the galvanic current invasively to codylar head surface and the control groups with sham electrode. On the basis of anatomic and histologic data from the mandibular condyle of experimental and control group, the following results were obtained. 1. After 2 weeks, there was no increase of mandibular size in experimental group over that of the control group. 2. After 4 weeks, the size of the condylar head was larger in experimental group than that of the control. 3. In 2 week group, the thickness of the mitotic compartment and hypertrophic chondroblastic layer was increased in experimental group. 4. In 4 week group, the number and the size of the hypertrophic chondroblasts were increased significantly on experimental group over that of the control group. 5. The application of the galanic current caused an increase in chondrocytic hypertrophy and intercellular matrix in both groups.
Animals ; Biopolymers ; Bone Remodeling ; Chondrocytes ; Electrodes ; Growth Plate ; Hand ; Head ; Hypertrophy ; Mandible ; Mandibular Condyle ; Orthopedics ; Platinum ; Pterygoid Muscles ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Regeneration ; Silver ; Stress, Mechanical ; Tooth Movement

Objective To screen the mutation of KATP channel mutations in Chinese pedigrees with infantile onset type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and neonatal diabetes mellitus.Methods A cohort of 12 children of infant onset T1DM and neonatal diabetes mellitus admitted into Beijing Children's Hospital between March 2004 and June 2013 were selected.PCR amplification and direct sequencing were used to analyze the 39 exons of ABCC8 gene and one exon of KCNJ11.And the mutational sites of the parents of the probands was sequenced in order to identify the inheritance.Results Analysis revealed ABCC8 mutation in 25％ (3/12 cases) of the patients,a case of transient neonatal diabetes (TNDM),a case of permanent neonatal diabetes mellitus (PNDM) and a case of infant onset T1DM.All positive patients showed a known heterozygosis mutation in the ABCC8 gene(R1182Q,c.3545G ＞ A,D209E,c.627C ＞ G,E208K c.622G ＞ A).The residue R1182Q,which was located at a position involved in joining transmembrane domain 2 to nucleotide binding domain 2,the mutations E208K and D209E were located in the intracellular region that links the transmembrane domain with the gatekeeper module.All the three mutations were located throughout the cytoplasm part of SUR1 protein.The TNDM successfully transferred from insulin to oral sulfonylureas therapy.Conclusions There is a complex genetic pathogenesis in neonatal and infant-onset diabetes.The KATP channel activating mutations is one of the main causes of neonatal diabetes mellitus and may cause T1DM in infants in China.Oral Glibenclamide therapy seems highly effective for some patients with the KATP channel activating mutations.

X-ray measurement is one of the most important methods for diagnosing hallux valgus. To choose the right photographed way and the proper X-ray observation index has important significance on accurate diagnosis and correct treatment. As the in-depth research on the pathogenesis and pathological changes of hallux valgus,more new X-ray measuring methods and index have appeared. X-ray in the weight-bearing and non-weight-bearing position, dorsoplantar radiograph, lateral radio-graph, oblique radiograph and sesamoid radiograph can be taken. Many observation index can be chosen,including angles, distances,the position of sesamoid et al,can be used to evaluate deformity degree before surgery and curative effect after surgery. The following is a summary of the international and domestic recent researches about X-ray observation index of hallux valgus and their applications.
Hallux Valgus ; diagnostic imaging ; Humans ; Radiography ; X-Rays

PURPOSE: A prospective study was conducted to compare radiation exposure to different parts of an endovascular surgeon's body when using a mobile C-arm with that in a hybrid room. METHODS: Exposure during individual procedures performed on 39 patients with a mobile C-arm and 42 patients in a hybrid room, from July 2016 to December 2016, was evaluated. RESULTS: The procedures performed, fluoroscopy time, and dose-area product were not significantly different between groups. The dose-area product per second in the hybrid room group appeared greater than in the C-arm group (4.5 µGym2/sec vs. 3.1 µGym2/sec). In the C-arm group, the peak skin dose on the right neck (1.77 mSv) and shoulder (1.48 mSv) appeared higher than those on their left side (0.32 mSv, 0.53 mSv, respectively) and the counterparts of the hybrid room group (0.88 mSv, 0.20 mSv, respectively). CONCLUSION: The peak skin dose in the hybrid room appeared highest for the lower part of the protective apron. The dose-area product per second seemed to be greater in the hybrid room than when using the C-arm. Thus, attention should be focused on protecting the surgeon's upper body when using the C-arm and the lower body when using the hybrid room.
Endovascular Procedures ; Fluoroscopy ; Humans ; Neck ; Operating Rooms ; Prospective Studies ; Radiation Exposure ; Shoulder ; Skin ; Surgeons