No abstract available.
Humans

No abstract available.
Accidents, Traffic*

No abstract available.

No abstract available.

BACKGROUND: Smoking increases the risk of respiratory, cardiac diseases and cancer. This study is to ascertain the relationship between passive smoking, the modes of residence, its location and the immunoglobulin values as well as the eosinophil counts in relation to child patients suffering from bronchial or cardiac asthma. METHODS: The research was conducted at a general hospital with cooperation of 242 patients who had been hospitalized 1991 through 1995. We compared the average values of immunoglobulin between the groups of exposed and non-exposed to smoking by T-test. A same work for residential modes was done by T-tests, while the data regarding the residing locality were processed by ANOVA. RESULTS: Each values of TEC, IgE, IgA, and IgM in both groups has been analysed but spelling no significant differences. The group residing in apartments showed lower value of IgM than those of flats. CONCLUSIONS: The reason the IgM value of apartments is lower than that of flats is due to the difference of living quarters. This signifies the modes of residence may as well affect the IgE value.
Asthma ; Child* ; Eosinophils ; Heart Diseases ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin A ; Immunoglobulin E ; Immunoglobulin M ; Immunoglobulins* ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Tobacco Smoke Pollution*

PURPOSE: In the last three decades liver transplantation (LT) has been established as a standard procedure for end-stage liver disease. However, the shortage of donor livers is the most significant factor inhibiting further application of clinical liver transplantation. In Korea, where B-hepatitis is endemic, most patients waiting for LT are adult with B-hepatitis associated end stage liver disease. Safe, in situ splitting of a cadaver donor liver for two separate adult recipients would be an attractive way to decrease the deaths of adult patients while waiting for organs. Split grafts weighing more than 1% of the recipient's body weight (Graft to Recipient Weight Ratio, GRWR>1%) should be transplanted in order to adequately meet postoperative metabolic needs. We investigated whether one cadaver liver can be split into two so that each graft has a GRWR>1%. METHODS: Between January 1999 and December 1999 at Guro medical center, we selected 47 patients diagnosed as early gastric cancer (EGC) or early stage colon cancer and reviewed their pre-operative abdominal CT films for use in our study. Pictures of CT films were taken with a digital camera and converted to TIF files in order to calculate the standard liver volumes which were then divided by the plane that represented two operative methods proposed in this study. First, we performed a Rt. lobectomy along the right side of the middle hepatic vein to increase the function of segment IV by preventing venous congestion. Second, we performed a Lt. lobectomy with hepatic IVC to save the volume of the caudate lobe (segment I). RESULTS: The body index of the 47 cases was distributed from -10% to 20%. The standard whole liver volume was 1266+/-299 ml (Mean+/-SD). Rt. lobe volume was 751+/-188 ml, and Lt. lobe volume was 515+/-154 ml. Each result was no less than 1% of 75 kg and 50 kg adult's body weight. CONCLUSION: On average, the GRWR of the Rt. lobe is more than 1% in a 75 kg adult by itself and that of the Lt. lobe can also be above 1% in a 50 kg adult by maximizing the function of segments I and IV using the surgical techniques mentioned above. Therefore, we would be able to successfully spilt a cadaver donor liver to a 75 kg and a 50 kg adult recipient, respectively.
Adult* ; Body Weight ; Cadaver ; Colonic Neoplasms ; End Stage Liver Disease ; Hepatic Veins ; Humans ; Hyperemia ; Korea ; Liver Diseases ; Liver Transplantation* ; Liver* ; Stomach Neoplasms ; Tissue Donors ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Transplants

The epidural injection of 4 mg of morphine in a volume of 4 ml, 7 ml, and 10 ml (groups I, II, and III) for post-operative analgesia after Caesarean section(30 patients), was evaluated. Thirty patients received continuous epidural anesthesia with 2% lidocaine 20 ml, 8.4% bicarbonate 2 ml and epinephrine 1: 200,000. Patients were established to T4 level anesthesia with above local anesthetics, supplemented with 2% lidocaine, when necessary. Each patient received 4 mg of morphine epidurally after delivery of baby. The postoperative pain relief was considered good in all three groups. The duration of of pain relief in each group, I, II, and III was 22.2+/-2.9, 20.6+/-4.6 and 21.6+/-4.2 hours, respectively, which showed no statistical difference between any two youps. The quality of pain relief was almost same, except during 12~18 hours after observation, In tbat period, there was better pain relief in group I than the other two groups (p<0.05). With the result of this study, it might be suggested that we'd better use 4ml of injected volume when we give 4mg of epidural morphine after Caesarean section for postoperative pain control, even though the small difference was seen only after 12~18 hours.
Analgesia ; Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, Epidural ; Anesthetics, Local ; Cesarean Section* ; Epinephrine ; Female ; Humans ; Injections, Epidural ; Lidocaine ; Morphine* ; Pain, Postoperative* ; Pregnancy

No abstract available.
Humans

No abstract available.
Humans

No abstract available.
Family Practice* ; Hospitals, Community* ; Humans