For the purpose of investigating mesiodistal axial inclination of posterior teeth in normal occlusion group, open bite and deep bite group and investigating the correlationship between the axial inclination of posterior teeth and overbite of anterior teeth, a cephalometric study was performed on the subjects consisted of normal occlusion group(40), open bite group(71 : Angle's Class I 21, Class II, division 1 25, Class III 25) and deep bite group(64 : Angle's Class I 23, Class II, division 1 21, Class III 20). Mesiodistal axial inclination of posterior teeth to occlusal, mandibular and palatal plane were measured. The findings of this study were as follows: 1. Upper and lower posterior teeth were more mesially inclined to occlusal plane in open bite group than in deep bite group. 2. Lower posterior teeth were more mesially inclined in deep bite group than in open bite group in Angle's Class II, division 1 malocclusion but there were no significant differences in Angle's Class I and Class III malocclusion. 3. There was no significant correlationship between the axial inclination of posterior teeth to each plane and overbite of anterior teeth in open bite group. 4. There was a significant correlationship between the axial inclination of upper and lower second premolar to occlusal plane and overbite of anterior teeth in Angle's Class I, Class II, division 1 and Class III malocclusion.
Bicuspid ; Dental Occlusion ; Malocclusion ; Open Bite* ; Overbite* ; Tooth*

No abstract available.
Pancytopenia* ; Pneumonia*

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a transient condition characterized by altered mental status, seizure, headache, and visual disturbance with typical neuro-imaging findings in the bilateral parieto-occipital regions. Clinicians should be aware of this syndrome because delayed diagnosis and treatment result in irreversible neurologic deficits. We present the case of a 77-year-old male diagnosed with PRES in the setting of postoperative critical illness caused by small-bowel strangulation.
Aged ; Critical Illness* ; Delayed Diagnosis ; Headache ; Humans ; Intensive Care Units ; Male ; Neurologic Manifestations ; Posterior Leukoencephalopathy Syndrome* ; Postoperative Period ; Seizures

No abstract available.
Animals ; Neurons* ; Rats*

Parkinsonism is a clinical syndrome with constellation of resting tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia, and a variety of gait disturbances. Gait disturbances in parkinsonism include short-stepped festination, loss of postural reflexes, and freezing. In certain parkinsonian states such as progressive supranuclear palsy, gait disturbances are very prominent over other clinical signs of parkinsonism in the early stage. However, freezing is usually seen in the late course of parkinsonism. Recently, it has been recognized that some patients have prominent freezing in their early course of the disease, and not much of other parkinsonian signs. The pathologies need to be confirmed, but must be divers based on clinical description of the cases. We report two elderly men who presented with pure freezing. There was minimal short-term memory impairment in the second case, but no other signs of parkinsonism were present. Brief trial of L-dopa did not offer much benefit. Detailed clinical features and laboratory findings will be presented with discussion of the literatures.
Aged ; Freezing ; Gait ; Humans ; Hypokinesia ; Levodopa ; Male ; Memory, Short-Term ; Parkinsonian Disorders ; Pathology ; Reflex ; Supranuclear Palsy, Progressive ; Tremor

BACKGROUND: This study was performed to compare efficiency of embryonic stem (ES) cell-derived dopaminergic (DA) neurons from E12 mesencephalic neuronal-precursor derived DA neuron, and to assess the value of these neurons as a donor cells to transplant in Parkinson's disease. METHODS: ES cell-derived DA neurons from E12 mesencephalic neuronal-precursor derived DA neuron were transplanted in Parkinsonian rats and analyzed TH immunoreactivity and apomorphin-induced rotation test. RESULTS: Transplanting of ES cell derived DA neurons into the rat striatum caused gradual increase of expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunoreactivity 6 weeks after transplant in host striatum. Rotation behavior was gradually on the decrease, 6 weeks after transplant of ES cell derived DA neurons. In case of E12 mesencephalic precursor derived DA neurons, the TH immunoreactivity expressed 6 weeks after transplant in striatum, and the behavioral restoration of DA-mediated motor asymmetry sustained gradually. However, transplanted ES cell derived DA neurons appeared in wide regions among the needle tract with a relatively high density of TH immunoreactivity in comparison to the E12 mesencephalic precursor DA neurons, and graft volume of ES cell derived DA neurons were larger than E12 mesencephalic precursor derived DA neuron. In addition, both cells did not appear cancerous change after transplantation. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that ES cell is more efficient than E12 mesencephalic precursor derived dopaminergic neuron and will supply efficient donor cells for transplantation in Parkinson's disease.
Animals ; Dopaminergic Neurons* ; Embryonic Stem Cells ; Humans ; Needles ; Neurons ; Parkinson Disease ; Rats* ; Tissue Donors ; Transplants ; Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase

Wernicke's encephalopathy is a reversible but potentially critical disease caused by thiamine deficiency. Most patients complain of symptoms such as ophthalmoplegia, ataxia and confusion. Heavy alcohol drinking is commonly associated with the disease, but other clinical conditions also can provoke it. In pregnant women, hyperemesis gravidarum can lead to the depletion of body thiamine due to poor oral intake and a high metabolic demand. We report a case of Wernicke's encephalopathy following hyperemesis gravidarum in a 36-year-old female at 20 weeks of pregnancy, who visited our hospital because of shock with vaginal bleeding. This case suggests that although the initial presentation may include atypical symptoms (e.g., shock or bleeding), Wernicke's encephalopathy should be considered, and thiamine replacement should be performed in pregnant women with neurologic symptoms and poor oral intake.
Acute Kidney Injury ; Adult ; Alcohol Drinking ; Ataxia ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperemesis Gravidarum* ; Neurologic Manifestations ; Ophthalmoplegia ; Pregnancy ; Pregnant Women ; Shock ; Thiamine ; Thiamine Deficiency ; Uterine Hemorrhage ; Wernicke Encephalopathy*

BACKGROUND & OBJECT10NS: Multiple system atrophy(MSA) is a heterogenous system disorder affecting extrapyramidal, cerebellar and autonomic nervous system. Clinical spectrum is broad, and depending on the system affected, patients are classified into striato-nigral degeneration (SND), olivo-ponto-cerebellar atrophy (OPCA) and Shy-Draper syndrome (SDS). However, evolution of symptoms during follow-up usually occurs, stirring up a debate between "lumpers" and "splitters". Recent pathological documentation of intracytoplasmic inclusions support "lumpers" that MSA is a specific disease entity with specific pathology. The study was done to analyze the natural course of MSA, and examine whether they are separate or part of the same disease. METHOD: We obtained the clinical data of patients with clinically probable MSA by the criteria of Quinn (1994). In addition to review of medical records, all patients were phone-interviewed or examined personally. RESULTS: Forty four patients were included in the study (male 23, female 21). Mean onset age 52.9 years, and mean follow-up period 19.7 months. Nine patients died during follow-up (mean disease duration 5.2 years). The initial predominant features were parkinsonism in 40% (14/35), cerebellar dysfunction in 25.7% (9/35), autonomic dysfunction in 17.1% (6/35) and others in 17.1%. At the latest follow-up, parkinsonism were noted in 77.1%, cerebellar dysfunction in 88.6% and autonomic dysfunction in 80%. With progression, all the patients showed mixed clinical manifestations, the most common being combination of all 3(60%). CONCLUS10N: The data supports that SND, OPCA and SDS are part of the same disease process.
Age of Onset ; Autonomic Nervous System ; Cerebellar Diseases ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Medical Records ; Natural History* ; Olivopontocerebellar Atrophies ; Parkinsonian Disorders ; Pathology

We present a 55-year-old man who has a six-month history of progressive weakness of all limbs. Findings from neurologic examination were notable for a diffuse muscular weakness and atrophy in all limbs. Laboratory findings for collagen vascular disease, monoclonal gammopathy, and infections were normal. Electrophysiologic studies supported lower motor neuron (LMN) syndrome. CT scan and needle biopsy disclosed small cell lung cancer. This case suggests that in some elderly patients with LMN syndrome a careful search for an underlying cancer is warranted.
Aged ; Atrophy ; Biopsy, Needle ; Collagen ; Extremities ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; Middle Aged ; Motor Neuron Disease ; Motor Neurons* ; Muscle Weakness ; Neurologic Examination ; Paraneoplastic Syndromes ; Paraproteinemias ; Small Cell Lung Carcinoma ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Vascular Diseases

This study was performed to determine whether there were retinal changes in Parkinson's disease. Photopic and scotopic Flash ERGs were conducted for 21 patients with Parkinson's disease and for 19 control subjects. Seventeen patients were medicated with anticholinergics and L-dopa containing drugs. Five findings were observed from the study. 1. There was no difference in implicit time of photopic and scotopic a-and b-waves between the control and the Parkinsonian groups (p(t)>0.05). 2. Amplitude of photopic b-wave was smaller in the Parkinsonian group than the control group (p(t)<0.05). 3. Amplitudes of photopic and scotopic a-and b-waves did not differ between the control and the medicated Parkinsonian groups (p(t)>0.05). 4. Amplitudes of photopic (p(t)<0.001) and scotopic (p(t)<0.01) b-wave were smaller in the nonmedicated Parkinsonian group than the control group. 5. Age and sex characteristics did not affect the results in either group. From the above findings, it is suggested that there is a retinal cell change responsible for b-wave generation in Parkinson's disease, and it is reversed by anti-Parkinsonian medication.
Cholinergic Antagonists ; Humans ; Levodopa ; Parkinson Disease ; Retinaldehyde ; Sex Characteristics