No abstract available.
Irritable Bowel Syndrome*

No abstract available.
Irritable Bowel Syndrome*

The adult trematode, Fasciola hepatica and Eurytrema pancreaticum, employed in this experiment were obtained from the cattle slaughtered at the local abbatoir. The worms were selected and washed several times in normal sterilized saline solution. Each ten of intact F. hepatica and about thirty to fifty of E. pancreaticum were incubated in 50 cc volume of special incubation flasks with incubation medium consisting of 50 cc of Krebs-Ringer phosohate buffer (pH 7.4). The incubation medium was added C(14)-lactate and non-radioactive carrier Na-lactate so as to contain lactate concentration of 32 mg per cent. The worms were allowed to incubate for 3 hours in the Dubnoff metabolic shaking incubator at 38 C. After incubation period, respiratory CO(2) samples from central wall of incubation flask were analysed for total CO(2) production rate and their specific activity of respiratory CO(2). The lactate uptake rate was determined by analyzing the the difference between lactate concentration in a medium before and after the incubation period, and the pyruvate appearance rate was dertermined by analyzing the pyruvate concentration in a medium after incubation. The glycogen samples isolated from worms were analyzed for the tissue concentration and their radioactivities in order to determine the turnover rate of glycogen pool. Radioactivities of these serise of experiment were counted by an endwindow Geiger-Muller counter as an infinitely thin samples. The quantative analysis of C(14)-lactate utilized by F. hepatica and E. pancreaticum were summerized and compared as following. In F. hepatica the lactate uptake rate was a mean value of 1.04+/-0.15 micromole/hr/g of wet wt. and pyruvate apperance rate was a mean value of 0.132+/-0.005 micro-mole/hr/g of wet wt. The total CO(2) production rate by the flukes averaged 13.82+/-0.75 micro-mole/hr/g of wet wt. The relative specific activities of respiratory CO(2) showed a mean value of 9.93+/-0.62 per cent. The rate of CO(2) production derived from medium C(14)-lactate was a mean of 1.38+/-0.13 micro-mole/hr/g of wet wt. Therefore the averge value of 55.27+/-5.78 per cent (R.L.D. CO(2)) and 15.35+/-1.90 per cent (R.L.D. pyr) of lactate was oxidized into respiratory CO(2) and pyruvate respectively. On the other hand, in E. pancreaticum the lactate uptake rate was a mean value of 0.61+/-0.18 micromole/hr/g of wet wt, and pyruvate appearance rate was a mean of 0.023+/-0.001 micromole/hr/g of wet wt. The total CO(2) production rate by the E. pancreaticum averaged 4.29+/-0.85 micromole/hr/g of wet wt. The relative specific activity of respiratory CO(2) (R.S.A CO2) showed a mean value of 9.20+/-0.34 per cent. Thus, a mean value of 9.20 per cent of total CO(2) production rates was originated from C14-lactate in a medium, therefore the rate of CO(2) production derived from medium C(14)-lactate was a mean value of 0.40+/-0.10 micromole/hr/g of wet wt. The average value of 23.93+/-7.11 per cent(R.L.D. CO(2)) and 3.86+/-0.45 per cent(R.L.D. pyr) of lactate was oxidized into respiratory CO(2) and pyruvate respectively. The tissue concentration of glycogen in F. hepatica was a mean of 2.63 per cent/g of wet wt, while in E. pancreaticum was a mean of 4.06 per cent/g of wet wt. The turnover rate of glycogen pool in F. hepatica yielded a value of 0.073+/-0.008 micromole/hr/g of wet wt whereas in E. pancreaticum yielded only a mean of 0.006+/-0.002 mg/hr/g of wet wt. Therefore, the half time of glycogen turnover, which is the time interval required to replace the half of glycogen pool with medium C(14)-lactate, gave value of a mean of 10.73+_0.76 days in F. hepatica. However, incorporation of C(14)-lactate into glycogen was negligible in the E. pancreaticum. Theses data impressed that the carbohydrate such as lactate may play a role of major part of their oxidative metabolism in F. hepatica, whereas minor part of lactate participates in the oxidative metabolism in E. pancreaticum.
parasitology-helminth-trematoda ; Fasciola hepatica ; Eurytrema pancreaticum ; autoradiography ; biochemistry ; pyruvate ; lactate ; glycogen ; metabolism ; Krebs-Rigner phosphate buffer

No abstract available.
Brain Death* ; Brain*

No abstract available.
Ascites* ; Fibrosis* ; Humans ; Paracentesis*

No abstract available.
Education, Medical* ; Humans

No abstract available.
Humans ; Mass Screening*

Understanding the biopsychosocial model of illness is crucial for any meaningful advance of health. The maintenance and promotion of health is achieved by different combinations of physical, mental, social and spiritual well-being. Health is not an objective of living. It is not only a state, but also a resource for everyday life. Health is a positive concept that emphasizes personal and social resources, as well as physical capacities. Understanding the biopsychosocial model of health and disease is very important in the medical system. George Engel challenged the medical profession to reconsider a strict biomedical approach to medical education and care, and to embrace a "new medical model," the biopsychosocial model. He argued that humans are at once biological, psychological, and social beings who behave in certain ways that can promote or harm their health. Although understanding the biopsychosocial model of illness is important, Korea's medical system have mainly been focusing on the biomedical model of illness. I would like to highlight the importance of biopsychosocial model of illness for Korea's medical system and real clinical field according to the 20th anniversary of Korean Society of Psychosomaitc Medicine.
Anniversaries and Special Events ; Education, Medical ; Health Promotion ; Humans ; Korea ; Psychosomatic Medicine

No abstract available.
Immunoglobulin G*

PURPOSE: Since the use of silicone-filled breast implants has been restricted, hydrogel has been used an alternative filler as a silicone elastomer shell filled with polysaccharide gel. However, its use has also been restricted since 2000 because of complications due to metabolic fate. The author observed the postoperative findings after implant rupture. METHODS: Among 22 cases with previous augmentation mammoplasty using hydrogel implants that received reoperation in M.D. Clinic from February 2006 to June 2008, 12 cases of implant rupture were included in this study. RESULTS: The mean interval from the previous hydrogel surgery was 7 years ranging from 3 to 9 years. Symptoms were unilateral deflation in 4, unilateral breast edema in 4, unilateral changes in texture in 3 and 1 without any symptoms. There was a significant spread of hydrogel into the surrounding tissue in 2 cases of deflation, 2 cases of edema and 1 asymptomatic case. The most severe spreading occurred 6 years after implant in a patient who had been delivered of a baby 2 months before her visit. The author performed total capsulectomy in 11 cases but was unable to remove all gel in 3 cases of multiple spread. Postoperative complications were mild capsular contracture in 2 patients with incomplete removal of surrounding gel and medial herniation in 1 in multiple spreading after childbirth. CONCLUSION: Rupture of hydrogel breast implants had a high risk of surrounding tissue damage and it is suggested that these implants should not be used for breast augmentation. Patients with hydrogel breast implants should be checked carefully for rupture.
Breast ; Breast Implants ; Contracture ; Edema ; Female ; Humans ; Hydrogel ; Mammaplasty ; Parturition ; Postoperative Complications ; Reoperation ; Rupture ; Silicone Elastomers