1.Molecular fingerprinting of clinical isolates of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium tuberculosis from India by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP).
Sandeep Kumar SINGH ; Rishendra VERMA ; Devendra H SHAH
Journal of Veterinary Science 2004;5(4):331-335
Forty mycobacterial strains comprising clinical Indian isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (28 field isolates +1H37 Rv) and Mycobacterium bovis (10 field isolates +1 AN5) were subjected to restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis (RFLP) using IS6110 and IS1081 probes. Most of these strains originated from dairy cattle herd and human patients from Indian Veterinary research Institute (IVRI) campus isolated from the period of 1986 to 2000. Our study showed presence of 8 copies of IS6110 in most of the M.tuberculosis (96.6%) strains irrespective of their origin with the exception of one M.tuberculosis strain with presence of an extra copy (3.4%). All M.bovis strains showed a single copy of IS6110 on the characteristic 1.9kb restriction fragment. RFLP analysis with IS1081 invariably showed the presence of 5 copies in all isolates of M.bovis and M.tuberculosis at the same chromosomal location. Similarity of IS6110 RFLP fingerprints of M.tuberculosis strains from animals and human suggested the possibility of dissemination of single M.tuberculosis strain among animals as well as human. It was not possible to discriminate within the isolates of either M.tuberculosis or M.bovis, when IS1081 was used as target sequence. The IS6110 RFLP is a valuable tool for disclosing transmission chain of M. tuberculosis and M. bovis among humans as well as animals
Animals
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Bacterial Typing Techniques
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Cattle
;
DNA Fingerprinting/*veterinary
;
DNA, Bacterial/*genetics
;
Deer
;
Humans
;
India/epidemiology
;
Mycobacterium bovis/classification/*genetics/isolation&purification
;
Mycobacterium tuberculosis/classification/*genetics/isolation & purification
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Polymerase Chain Reaction/veterinary
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Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length
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Zoonoses/epidemiology
2.Pattern of hospital admission and outcome in Parkinson’s disease: A study from Punjab, India
Birinder Singh Paul ; Gunchan Paul ; Gagandeep Singh ; Sandeep Kaushal ; Verma U
Neurology Asia 2017;22(1):33-39
Background: The hospitalization rates of patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) are 1.45 times higher
than for age matched controls. We studied the causes for admission, hospital course and outcomes in PD
population so that preventive measures could be developed. Methods: We prospectively studied patients
with the diagnosis of PD admitted to a tertiary care hospital in Ludhiana, India from January, 2012 to
December, 2014. Etiology for hospitalization was determined and the patients were divided into two
groups, admission due to causes related to PD or not associated with PD. The PD related admissions
were further categorized into Group I: directly disease related causes and Group II: indirectly disease
related causes. The primary outcome was mortality. The secondary outcome measures were duration
of hospitalization, requirement for ICU, need for mechanical ventilation and complications. Results:
There were 146 patients of PD out of 25,326 hospital admissions. Forty two patients (28.7%) had
direct cause, 73(50%) had indirect cause and 31(21.2%) were non-PD related admissions. The mean
age was 68.5+9.9 years, 97males (66.7%). There were 16(10.9%) deaths. The commonest cause of
admission was infections and encephalopathy. The indirect PD related admission had significantly
higher age (p= 0.0014), increased risk of ICU admission (p=0.011), need for mechanical ventilation
(p < 0.005) and longer duration of hospital stay (p=0.0001) as compared to group I. Also there was
a six fold increased risk of death in this group (p 0.034).
Conclusion: As disease progresses, the indirect reasons for admission becomes more troublesome
than the initial motor complaints.
3.Brachymetatarsia with accessory navicular in right foot: A rare coincidental finding.
Praveen-Kumar PANDEY ; Inder PAWAR ; Sandeep-Kumar BENIWAL ; Raaghav-R VERMA
Chinese Journal of Traumatology 2016;19(1):56-58
A 33 years old female patient presented with posttraumatic pain in the right foot for which radiographs of the right foot was advised. No fracture was detected on radiographs and patient was managed conservatively on medications and posterior splint immobilization. We found coincidentally a short fourth metatarsal and an accessory navicular bone in the right foot radiographs. After 3 weeks of immobilization, she underwent mobilization of the right foot, weight bearing and intensive physio- therapy for 6 weeks. After two months of injury she was still complaining of pain on the plantar aspect of right foot which was diagnosed as metatarsalgia and operated on by excision of the neuroma present in the 3rd web space of the right foot. After surgery she was completely relieved of pain and could do activities well related to the right foot.
Adult
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Female
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Foot Diseases
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therapy
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Humans
;
Metatarsal Bones
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abnormalities
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Tarsal Bones
;
abnormalities
4.Parkinson's Disease: The Emerging Role of Gut Dysbiosis, Antibiotics, Probiotics, and Fecal Microbiota Transplantation
Sudhir K DUTTA ; Sandeep VERMA ; Vardhmaan JAIN ; Balaram K SURAPANENI ; Rakesh VINAYEK ; Laila PHILLIPS ; Padmanabhan P NAIR
Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility 2019;25(3):363-376
The role of the microbiome in health and human disease has emerged at the forefront of medicine in the 21st century. Over the last 2 decades evidence has emerged to suggest that inflammation-derived oxidative damage and cytokine induced toxicity may play a significant role in the neuronal damage associated with Parkinson's disease (PD). Presence of pro-inflammatory cytokines and T cell infiltration has been observed in the brain parenchyma of patients with PD. Furthermore, evidence for inflammatory changes has been reported in the enteric nervous system, the vagus nerve branches and glial cells. The presence of α-synuclein deposits in the post-mortem brain biopsy in patients with PD has further substantiated the role of inflammation in PD. It has been suggested that the α-synuclein misfolding might begin in the gut and spread “prion like” via the vagus nerve into lower brainstem and ultimately to the midbrain; this is known as the Braak hypothesis. It is noteworthy that the presence of gastrointestinal symptoms (constipation, dysphagia, and hypersalivation), altered gut microbiota and leaky gut have been observed in PD patients several years prior to the clinical onset of the disease. These clinical observations have been supported by in vitro studies in mice as well, demonstrating the role of genetic (α-synuclein overexpression) and environmental (gut dysbiosis) factors in the pathogenesis of PD. The restoration of the gut microbiome in patients with PD may alter the clinical progression of PD and this alteration can be accomplished by carefully designed studies using customized probiotics and fecal microbiota transplantation.
Animals
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Anti-Bacterial Agents
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Biopsy
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Brain
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Brain Stem
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Cytokines
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Deglutition Disorders
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Dysbiosis
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Enteric Nervous System
;
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation
;
Gastrointestinal Microbiome
;
Humans
;
In Vitro Techniques
;
Inflammation
;
Mesencephalon
;
Mice
;
Microbiota
;
Neuroglia
;
Neurons
;
Parkinson Disease
;
Probiotics
;
Vagus Nerve