AIM:To study lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated secretion of endothelin-1 (ET-1) and adrenomedullin (Adm) from human vascular endothelial cells (HVEC) and its mechanism. METHODS:In cultured HVEC, LPS was used to stimulate ET-1 and Adm secretion from HVEC. The contents of ET-1 and Adm in medium were determined by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS:LPS stimulated secretion of ET-1 and Adm from HVEC in time-dependent and concentration-dependent manner. The ratio of secreted ET-1 to Adm was not changed compared with the control group. The increase of ET-1 could be inhibited by inhibitor of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases (PD098059) and inhibitor of P38 kinase (SB202190)（P＜0.01）, while the increase of Adm could only be inhibited by SB202190（P＜0.05）, both had no response to inhibitor of protein kinase C (H7), inhibitor of calmodulin (W7), inhibitor of calcineurin (cyclosporin A) and inhibitor of Ca2+ (nicardipine)（P＞0.05）.CONCLUSION:ERKs and P38 signal pathways may play an important role in the secretion of ET-1 from LPS -stimulated HVEC, while only P38 kinase signal pathway is invovled in the secretion of Adm.

The metabolism of thyroid hormone changes during pregnancy. Subclinical hypothyroidism during pregnancy may adversely affect the pregnancy outcomes and neuropsychological development of child, controversially. The diagnostic criteria of subclinical hypothyroidism during pregnancy need to be specific. It is important to figure out when should pregnancy with subclinical hypothyroidism be treated and what is the specific goal of the treatment.

AIM: To study lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated secretion of endothelin-1 (ET-1) and adrenomedullin (Adm) from human vascular endothelial cells (HVEC) and its mechanism. METHODS: In cultured HVEC, LPS was used to stimulate ET-1 and Adm secretion from HVEC. The contents of ET-1 and Adm in medium were determined by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS: LPS stimulated secretion of ET-1 and Adm from HVEC in time-dependent and concentration-dependent manner. The ratio of secreted ET-1 to Adm was not changed compared with the control group. The increase of ET-1 could be inhibited by inhibitor of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases (PD 098059 ) and inhibitor of P38 kinase (SB 202190 )( P 0.05).CONCLUSION: ERKs and P38 signal pathways may play an important role in the secretion of ET-1 from LPS -stimulated HVEC, while only P38 kinase signal pathway is invovled in the secretion of Adm.

AIM: To investigate the effect of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) on C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) production, release and mRNA expression. METHODS: Human endothelial cell cultured; CNP was measured by radioimmunoassay method;CNP mRNA expression was determined by RT-PCR technique. RESULTS: bFGF could augment CNP synthesis in human endothelial cells. Compared with control group,25 ng, 50 ng, 100 ng bFGF increased CNP contents in endothelial cells by 88% (P

Objective:To explore the adverse outcomes of pregnant women with overt diabetes mellitus(ODM).Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed on 1321 pregnant women delivered in Peking Universi-ty International Hospital.Pregnant women were divided into normal blood glucose group(NGDM),gestational di-abetes mellitus group(GDM)and overt diabetes mellitus group(ODM).Maternal and neonatal adverse out-comes were compared.Results:The age,early pregnancy glycosylated hemoglobin,uric acid,triglycerides and late pregnancy glycosylated hemoglobin levels of women in ODM group were significantly higher than those in NGDM group,and the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.01).The risk of developing gestation hyper-tension(OR 6.32,P＜0.01)and cesarean section(OR 1.87,P＜0.05)in the ODM group was significantly high-er than that in the NGDM group.The rate of preterm birth(OR 2.73,P＜0.05)and macrosomia(OR 3.45,P＜0.01)in the ODM group was significantly higher than that in the NGDM group.Compared with the GDM group,the ODM group did not significantly increase the risk of hypertension,eclampsia or preeclampsia,shoulder dysto-cia,premature rupture of placenta,cesarean section,preterm birth,macrosomia,and low body mass infants(P＞0.05).Conclusion:Pregnant women with ODM increase the risk of gestational hypertension,cesarean section,preterm birth and macrosomia.Active management is needed in pregnant women with ODM.

Objective:To explore the adverse outcomes of pregnant women with overt diabetes mellitus(ODM).Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed on 1321 pregnant women delivered in Peking Universi-ty International Hospital.Pregnant women were divided into normal blood glucose group(NGDM),gestational di-abetes mellitus group(GDM)and overt diabetes mellitus group(ODM).Maternal and neonatal adverse out-comes were compared.Results:The age,early pregnancy glycosylated hemoglobin,uric acid,triglycerides and late pregnancy glycosylated hemoglobin levels of women in ODM group were significantly higher than those in NGDM group,and the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.01).The risk of developing gestation hyper-tension(OR 6.32,P＜0.01)and cesarean section(OR 1.87,P＜0.05)in the ODM group was significantly high-er than that in the NGDM group.The rate of preterm birth(OR 2.73,P＜0.05)and macrosomia(OR 3.45,P＜0.01)in the ODM group was significantly higher than that in the NGDM group.Compared with the GDM group,the ODM group did not significantly increase the risk of hypertension,eclampsia or preeclampsia,shoulder dysto-cia,premature rupture of placenta,cesarean section,preterm birth,macrosomia,and low body mass infants(P＞0.05).Conclusion:Pregnant women with ODM increase the risk of gestational hypertension,cesarean section,preterm birth and macrosomia.Active management is needed in pregnant women with ODM.

Objective:To explore the adverse outcomes of pregnant women with overt diabetes mellitus(ODM).Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed on 1321 pregnant women delivered in Peking Universi-ty International Hospital.Pregnant women were divided into normal blood glucose group(NGDM),gestational di-abetes mellitus group(GDM)and overt diabetes mellitus group(ODM).Maternal and neonatal adverse out-comes were compared.Results:The age,early pregnancy glycosylated hemoglobin,uric acid,triglycerides and late pregnancy glycosylated hemoglobin levels of women in ODM group were significantly higher than those in NGDM group,and the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.01).The risk of developing gestation hyper-tension(OR 6.32,P＜0.01)and cesarean section(OR 1.87,P＜0.05)in the ODM group was significantly high-er than that in the NGDM group.The rate of preterm birth(OR 2.73,P＜0.05)and macrosomia(OR 3.45,P＜0.01)in the ODM group was significantly higher than that in the NGDM group.Compared with the GDM group,the ODM group did not significantly increase the risk of hypertension,eclampsia or preeclampsia,shoulder dysto-cia,premature rupture of placenta,cesarean section,preterm birth,macrosomia,and low body mass infants(P＞0.05).Conclusion:Pregnant women with ODM increase the risk of gestational hypertension,cesarean section,preterm birth and macrosomia.Active management is needed in pregnant women with ODM.

Objective:To explore the adverse outcomes of pregnant women with overt diabetes mellitus(ODM).Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed on 1321 pregnant women delivered in Peking Universi-ty International Hospital.Pregnant women were divided into normal blood glucose group(NGDM),gestational di-abetes mellitus group(GDM)and overt diabetes mellitus group(ODM).Maternal and neonatal adverse out-comes were compared.Results:The age,early pregnancy glycosylated hemoglobin,uric acid,triglycerides and late pregnancy glycosylated hemoglobin levels of women in ODM group were significantly higher than those in NGDM group,and the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.01).The risk of developing gestation hyper-tension(OR 6.32,P＜0.01)and cesarean section(OR 1.87,P＜0.05)in the ODM group was significantly high-er than that in the NGDM group.The rate of preterm birth(OR 2.73,P＜0.05)and macrosomia(OR 3.45,P＜0.01)in the ODM group was significantly higher than that in the NGDM group.Compared with the GDM group,the ODM group did not significantly increase the risk of hypertension,eclampsia or preeclampsia,shoulder dysto-cia,premature rupture of placenta,cesarean section,preterm birth,macrosomia,and low body mass infants(P＞0.05).Conclusion:Pregnant women with ODM increase the risk of gestational hypertension,cesarean section,preterm birth and macrosomia.Active management is needed in pregnant women with ODM.

Objective:To explore the adverse outcomes of pregnant women with overt diabetes mellitus(ODM).Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed on 1321 pregnant women delivered in Peking Universi-ty International Hospital.Pregnant women were divided into normal blood glucose group(NGDM),gestational di-abetes mellitus group(GDM)and overt diabetes mellitus group(ODM).Maternal and neonatal adverse out-comes were compared.Results:The age,early pregnancy glycosylated hemoglobin,uric acid,triglycerides and late pregnancy glycosylated hemoglobin levels of women in ODM group were significantly higher than those in NGDM group,and the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.01).The risk of developing gestation hyper-tension(OR 6.32,P＜0.01)and cesarean section(OR 1.87,P＜0.05)in the ODM group was significantly high-er than that in the NGDM group.The rate of preterm birth(OR 2.73,P＜0.05)and macrosomia(OR 3.45,P＜0.01)in the ODM group was significantly higher than that in the NGDM group.Compared with the GDM group,the ODM group did not significantly increase the risk of hypertension,eclampsia or preeclampsia,shoulder dysto-cia,premature rupture of placenta,cesarean section,preterm birth,macrosomia,and low body mass infants(P＞0.05).Conclusion:Pregnant women with ODM increase the risk of gestational hypertension,cesarean section,preterm birth and macrosomia.Active management is needed in pregnant women with ODM.

Objective:To explore the adverse outcomes of pregnant women with overt diabetes mellitus(ODM).Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed on 1321 pregnant women delivered in Peking Universi-ty International Hospital.Pregnant women were divided into normal blood glucose group(NGDM),gestational di-abetes mellitus group(GDM)and overt diabetes mellitus group(ODM).Maternal and neonatal adverse out-comes were compared.Results:The age,early pregnancy glycosylated hemoglobin,uric acid,triglycerides and late pregnancy glycosylated hemoglobin levels of women in ODM group were significantly higher than those in NGDM group,and the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.01).The risk of developing gestation hyper-tension(OR 6.32,P＜0.01)and cesarean section(OR 1.87,P＜0.05)in the ODM group was significantly high-er than that in the NGDM group.The rate of preterm birth(OR 2.73,P＜0.05)and macrosomia(OR 3.45,P＜0.01)in the ODM group was significantly higher than that in the NGDM group.Compared with the GDM group,the ODM group did not significantly increase the risk of hypertension,eclampsia or preeclampsia,shoulder dysto-cia,premature rupture of placenta,cesarean section,preterm birth,macrosomia,and low body mass infants(P＞0.05).Conclusion:Pregnant women with ODM increase the risk of gestational hypertension,cesarean section,preterm birth and macrosomia.Active management is needed in pregnant women with ODM.