Aim To observe the effect of extracts of ginkgo biloba leaves(GbE) on platelet adhesion and thrombosis. Methods The platelet adhesion was assayed by rotating glass-globe method. The thrombogenesis method in artery-vein bypass was applied to observe thrombosis in vivo. The Chandler method was applied to induce thrombosis in vitro.The tail bleeding time was recorded by shearing tail method.Results GbE significantly decreased platelet adherence rate in rabbits, decreased the weight of thrombus produced in artery-vein bypass in rabbits, shortened the length and reduced dry weight of thrombus of rats in vitro,prolonged the tail bleeding time in mice.Conclusion GbE inhibits the platelet adhesion and thrombosis.

Age Factors ; Cardiac Output ; physiology ; Cardiography, Impedance ; methods ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Electric Impedance ; Female ; Heart ; physiology ; Humans ; Male ; Stroke Volume ; physiology ; Tomography ; methods

The purpose of the present study is to use beta-cyclodextrin polymers (beta-CDP) with different cross-linked degree (CLD) to form inclusion complexes with ibuprofen and examine the effects of structural and compositional factors of beta-CDP on its drug loading and release behaviors. A series of beta-CDP with different CLD were synthesized and characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) and 13C NMR spectrum. The beta-CDP was systemically characterized for the relation between the CLD of beta-CDP and the drug loading and release as well. The results of FT-IR and 13C NMR showed that similar peak-shaped vibration of beta-CDP and beta-CD implies that the polymer keeps the original characteristic structure of beta-CD. The CLD of the beta-CDP played a critical role in the drug loading and release, increasing the CLD resulted in reduction of drug loading, but increase in drug release.
Carbon Isotopes ; Cross-Linking Reagents ; chemistry ; Delayed-Action Preparations ; Drug Carriers ; Drug Compounding ; Drug Delivery Systems ; Ibuprofen ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Pharmaceutical Preparations ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; Polymers ; chemistry ; Solubility ; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared ; beta-Cyclodextrins ; chemistry

AIMTo investigate the effects of bradykinin on voltage-dependent sodium channel currents in rat dorsal root ganglion neurons (DRG).

METHODSWhole-cell patch clamp technique was used to determine sodium channel current.

RESULTSBradykinin at 0.01 - 10.0 micromol/L dose dependently increased the frequency of repetitive firing of DRG. Bradykinin at 0.01 - 10.0 micromol/L dose dependently enhanced the TTX-R sodium current, and had no effect on TTX-S sodium current.

CONCLUSIONMechanism underlying the inflammation induced by bradykinin is related to the TTX-R sodium channel.

Action Potentials ; drug effects ; Animals ; Bradykinin ; pharmacology ; Ganglia, Spinal ; drug effects ; physiology ; Membrane Potentials ; drug effects ; Neurons ; physiology ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Sodium Channels ; drug effects ; physiology

OBJECTIVETo improve diagnosis and therapeutic efficacy for pancreatic trauma.

METHODSWe retrospectively analyzed 71 cases of pancreatic injuries received in our department from 1987 to 2004. Different surgical procedures were performed according to different patterns of pancreatic injuries. Among them, 31 cases were defined as Grade I or II injury according to the pancreatic organ injury score developed by American Association for the Surgery of Trauma and were performed pancreas debridement and drainage; 26 cases belonged to Grade III injury and were performed distal pancreatectomy plus external drainage; 10 cases of Grade IV injury in whom 8 were performed distal Roux-en-Y pancreaticojejunostomy and 2 were performed Whipple operation; 4 cases of Grade V injury in whom 1 was performed restoration of duodenal damage, suture of proximal pancreatic laceration and distal Roux-en-Y pancreaticojejunostomy, and 3 were performed Whipple operation.

RESULTSSixty-six cases were cured, of whom 14 had postoperative complications, and 5 cases died. The causes of death were of pancreatic fistula in 2 cases, upper gastrointestinal bleeding in 1 case, ARDS in 1 case, and serious abdominal infection in 1 case.

CONCLUSIONSPreoperative diagnosis for pancreatic trauma is rather challenging. Prompt explorative laparotomy is still a reliable diagnostic method for pancreatic trauma. In order to improve curative rate, different surgical procedures should be undertaken according to different sites and grades of pancreatic traumas.

Abdominal Injuries ; diagnosis ; epidemiology ; therapy ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; China ; epidemiology ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; statistics & numerical data ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Outcome and Process Assessment (Health Care) ; Pancreas ; injuries ; Postoperative Complications ; epidemiology ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome

Objective To investigate the relationship between arsenic in drinking water and skin lesions in endemic arsenism area in Shanyin County of Shanxi Province,in order to provide epidemiologic data for further arsenism research.Methods One hundred and eighty-nine endemic arsenism patients and 59 controls were randomly selected in 17 endemic amenism countries in Shanyin County of Shanxi Province.The content of arsenic in drinking water which wa8 collected indoom was half-quantitatively screened by a kit made by Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,then quantitatively determined by HPLC-ICP-MS.Patients of endemic arsenism were diagnosed by "The Standard of Diagnosis for Endemic Amenism"(WS/T 211-2001).Results There were 64.9% (87/134)samples above the arsenic level(50μg/L)of drinking water and the median value of arsenic in drinking water was 91.43 μg/L in 134 water samples.The OR(95%CI)value between arsenic in drinking water and hyperkeratosis,hyperpigmentation,depigmentation was 2.46(1.22-4.94),3.34(1.50～7.44)and 2.86(1.50-5.46),respectively.The prevalence of hyperkeratosis,hyperpigmentation and depigmentation increased,as the arsenic in drinking water increased(≤10,≤50,≤200,＞200μg/L),especially in＞200μg/L group(OR=6.15,13.96,11.41,P＜0.05).The arsenic level in drinking water of Ⅲ degree of depigmentation patients(318.300μg/L)was higher(P＜0.05)than that of 0,Ⅰ and Ⅱ degree groups(86.670,131.800,1 10.590μg/L,P＜0.05).Conclusions Shanyin County is a medial arsenic pollution area. Arsenic in drinking water is considered as a risk factor of skin lesion. The degree of skin lesions increased,as the arsenic in drinking water increased.

Objective To study the change of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) in myocardial tissue and serum of myocardial ischemia in rats.Methods Twenty SD rats were randomly divided into normal control group and test group. Test group was ligated coronary artery,and the control group was pulled on line but not ligated,then observed the change of VEGF.The histological and immunohistochemical method were used for observing the change of VEGF serum in myocardial ischemia in rats' heart.VEGF levels were measured by image analysis.Results Compared with control group,the expression of VEGF in the myocardial ischemia group was increased obviously(P

Based on the characteristics of clinical symptoms of psoriasis in traditional Chinese and Western medicine, and according to the coincidence between existing animal models and the characteristics of clinical symptoms of psoriasis in traditional Chinese and Western medicine, the evaluation criteria of psoriasis animal models are put forward, which can provide corresponding improvement ideas for psoriasis animal models. By listing the clinical manifestations and diagnostic criteria of psoriasis in traditional Chinese and Western medicine, this paper assesses the existing animal models of psoriasis, which accords with 8.3% of the clinical diagnostic criteria of Western medicine, 15% of the main symptoms and 8% of the secondary symptoms in traditional Chinese medicine. The results showed that imiquimod-induced model was found to be the best animal model with high coincidence. The rate of modeling was faster and the cost was lower, but it was reversible with the prolongation of withdrawal time. Allogeneic transplantation model and genotype model have high coincidence with Western medicine, but low coincidence with traditional Chinese medicine symptoms. Because psoriasis is a chronic, non-infectious skin disease that is prone to recurrence, there are many factors leading to psoriasis.The existing models can not simulate the clinical symptoms well. We should use multi-factor modeling method to establish a pathological model reflecting the characteristics of clinical symptoms of psoriasis in traditional Chinese and Western medicine combined with the main external pathogenic factors of psoriasis. Therefore, it is the main task for the future research of psoriasis traditional Chinese medicine to establish animal models that reflect the clinical characteristics of psoriasis and Western medicine and improve the evaluation criteria of psoriasis combined with syndrome animal models.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the correlation between mutation in EGFR tyrosine kinase domain and tumor response as well as prognosis in advanced stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with iressa.

METHODSFrom May 2002 to Feb. 2005, iressa was orally administered at a dose of 250 mg once daily for 106 advanced stage NSCLC patients until occurrence of disease progression or intolerable toxicity. Cancer tissue was obtained from these patients, and DNA was extracted for analysis of mutation in exon 18 to 24 of EGFR. Exon 18 to 24 of EGFR were amplified by nest PCR, sequenced and analyzed from both sense and antisence directions.

RESULTSPrimary NSCLC tissue specimens consisted of 25 frozen tissue blocks and 81 paraffin-embedded tumor tissue blocks from 106 consecutive NSCLC patients. Mutation was found to be more frequent in the adenocarcinoma than in the squamous cell carcinoma (35.9% vs 14.3%, P =0.033). Mutation was identified in 32 patients (30.2%). Response rate to iressa was 71.9% in the patients with EGFR mutation versus 13.5% in those without mutation (P <0.01). Compared with the patients without EGFR mutation, those with mutation had longer overall survival (median, 13.45 vs. 5.25 months; P<0.01) and median time to progression (median, 8.35 vs. 3.0 months; P <0.01).

CONCLUSIONEGFR mutation may be positively correlated with the response and survival in advanced stage Chinese NSCLC patient treated with iressa.

Adenocarcinoma ; drug therapy ; genetics ; pathology ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Antineoplastic Agents ; therapeutic use ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ; drug therapy ; genetics ; pathology ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; drug therapy ; genetics ; pathology ; Exons ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Kaplan-Meier Estimate ; Lung Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; genetics ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Staging ; Point Mutation ; Prognosis ; Quinazolines ; therapeutic use ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor ; genetics ; Sequence Deletion

The inclusion complex of isotretinoin was prepared by sealed-control temperature method and amylose was used as carrier. The formation of inclusion complex was confirmed by powder X-ray diffraction and DSC. The equation of enzymatically-controlled drug release was established by kinetic theory, and the release characteristic of drug was confirmed by using the kinetic equation. The results show that the drug release was attributed to first order reaction without alpha-amylase. However, with alpha-amylase, the drug release was an acceleration process by the effect of both dissociation and enzymatic hydrolysis simultaneously. The research indicates that drug release from the inclusion complex was modulated by the addition of alpha-amylase.
Amylose ; chemistry ; Calorimetry, Differential Scanning ; Dermatologic Agents ; chemistry ; Drug Carriers ; chemistry ; Hydrolysis ; Isotretinoin ; chemistry ; Kinetics ; Temperature ; X-Ray Diffraction ; alpha-Amylases ; chemistry