OBJECTIVETo assay salidroside and p-tyrosol in Hongjingtian for injection (freezing-dry).

METHODSamples were purified by Sep-Pak C18 column and salidroside and p-tyrosol were determined by HPLC with Irregular-H C18 (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 microm), and eluted with a mobile phase of methanol-acenitonitrile -0.06% phosphate (10: 10:80). The flow rate was 1.0 mL x min(-1), the detection wavelength was set at 275 nm and the column temperature was maintained at 30 degrees C.

RESULTThe calibration curves were linear in the range of 2.24-22.4 microg for salidroside (0.999 7) and 0.856-8.56 microg for p-tyrosol (0.999 6), the average recovery was 101.3%, 99.8% respectively.

CONCLUSIONThe method is convenient, rapid, accurate and reliable.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; Glucosides ; analysis ; Injections ; Phenols ; analysis ; Phenylethyl Alcohol ; analogs & derivatives ; analysis ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Rhodiola ; chemistry ; Temperature

OBJECTIVETo investigate the protective effect and mechanism of curcumin derivatives B06 on myocardium from type 2 diabetic rats.

METHODSThirty-five male SD rats were randomly divided into 5 groups, normal control group (NC group), high fat group (HF group), high fat treatment group (FT group), diabetes mellitus group (DM group) and diabetes treatment group (DT group) (n = 7). The late four groups were fed with high fat food, after four weeks of high fat feeding, the rats from DM group and DT group were injected with low dosage of streptozocin intraperitoneally to induce diabetes mellitus, FT group and DT group were gavaged with curcumin derivatives B06 at the dosage of 0.2 mg/kg x d. The blood glucose and lipid were detected biochemically, blood insulin was assayed by ELISA and the insulin resistance index was calculated, the morphology of myocardium was observed by light and transmission electron microscopy, the protein expression of AMP-activated protein kinase alpha (AMPKalpha) and phosphorylated AMP-activated protein kinase alpha (p-AMPKalpha) in myocardium were tested by Western blot.

RESULTSThe level of blood glucose, lipid, insulin and the insulin resistance index were increased in HF group and DM group, but they were decreased after the treatment with B06. The expression of AMPKalpha and p-AMPKalpha were decreased, but they became increased after the treatment of B06. There were increased collagen fibers in interstitium and expansion of mitochondria in cytoplasm of myocardium from DM group, but they were ameliorated in B06 treatment group.

CONCLUSIONIt is suggested that B06 may relieve the damage of myocardium from type 2 diabetic rats and the increased expression of AMPKalpha and p-AMPKalpha may be involved in it.

AMP-Activated Protein Kinases ; metabolism ; Animals ; Blood Glucose ; Curcumin ; pharmacology ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental ; physiopathology ; Heart ; drug effects ; Insulin Resistance ; Male ; Myocardium ; pathology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Streptozocin

Objective Endometrial cancer (EMC) is a most common malignancy in the female reproductive system. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) with the prognosis of EMC. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the clinical and follow-up data about 153 EMC patients surgically treated in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University. Based on the cutoff values of NLR and PLR, we divided the patients into a high and a low value group,and analyzed the relationships of NLR and PLR with clinical pathological features and prognosis of the patients. Results There were statistically significant differences between the high value group(NLR>3.40) and the low value group (NLR≤3.40) in the FIGO stage,pathological grade,invasion depth,and lymph node metastasis(P<0.05). No sig-nificant correlation was found between the PLR and the prognosis EMC (P>0.05). COX regression analysis showed that FIGO stageⅢ-Ⅳ (P<0.001),pathological grade G3(P=0.022) and NLR>3.4(P=0.004) were independent risk factors for the overall surviv-al and disease-free survival of the EMC patients. Conclusion High preoperative NLR was closely related with the FIGO stage, pathological grade,invasion depth,and lymph node metastasis in pa-tients with endometrial cancer.

OBJECTIVETo explore germline mutations of MLH1 in hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC), and to investigate the pathobiology of novel detectable mutations of MLH1.

METHODRNA was extracted from the peripheral blood of 12 patients from 12 different families fulfilling the Amsterdam II Criteria of HNPCC. Germline mutations of MLH1 were determined by RT-PCR with gene specific primers, heat-resistance reverse transcriptase and long-template PCR polymerase, followed by cDNA sequencing analysis. PCR-Genescan analysis was used to further investigate microsatellite instability with a panel of 5 microsatellite markers (BAT26, BAT25, D5S346, D2S123 and Mfd15), along with immunohistochemistry staining to detect the expression of MLH1 protein in the tumor tissues.

RESULTSFour germline mutations were found in 4 patients, 2 of which were previously reported GTT-->GAT mutation at codon 384 of exon 12, and the other two were novel mutations: CGC-->TGC at codon 217 of exon 8 and CCG-->CTG at codon 581 of exon 16. Two tumors with the novel mutations had high frequency microsatellite instability showing more than 2 instable loci (RER + phenotype), and both tumors lost their MLH1 protein expression.

CONCLUSIONThe two novel germline mutations of MLH1 identified in this study, i.e. CGC-->TGC at codon 217 of exon 8 and CCG-->CTG at codon 581 of exon 16, are very likely to have pathological significance.

Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing ; Carrier Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Codon ; Colorectal Neoplasms, Hereditary Nonpolyposis ; genetics ; metabolism ; DNA Mutational Analysis ; DNA, Neoplasm ; genetics ; Exons ; Female ; Germ-Line Mutation ; Humans ; Male ; Microsatellite Instability ; Middle Aged ; MutL Protein Homolog 1 ; Nuclear Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Phylogeny

OBJECTIVETo analyze the factors affecting pathologic complete response (pCR) to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in breast cancer patients.

METHODSA retrospective cohort study was carried out to analyze the clinical data of 141 breast cancer patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The factors affecting pCR and the changes of tumor receptor status before and after treatment were analyzed.

RESULTSAmong all the 141 patients, 21 patients (14.9%) achieved pCR. The rate of pCR achieved by regimens of anthracycline combined with taxane was higher (16.8%, 19/113) than that by anthracycline-containing regimens (7.1%, 1/14). The dose intensity of anthracycline had a significant correlation with pCR rate (P < 0.05). The pCR rate in the relative dose intensity of taxane ≥ 0.85 arm was higher than that of < 0.85 arm (P = 0.02). Eighty patients (56.7%) had completed more than 4 cycles of chemotherapy and the median time to achieve pCR was 6 (3 to 10) cycles. The pCR rate had a significant difference between patients < 6 and ≥ 6 cycles (7.1% vs. 22.5%,P = 0.01). Multivariate analysis showed that tumor size measured by palpation ≤ 5 cm and ≥ 6 chemotherapy cycles were significantly related with pCR rate (P < 0.05). In all the 21 pCR patients, the pre-treatment ER(-), PR(-), HER-2(-) statuses were in 14, 14 and 17 patients, respectively. The status of ER, PR, HER-2 of most patients (74.2%, 69.7% and 87.7%, respectively) was not changed after treatment. Among the patients with changes in receptor status, ER changed from negative to positive was in the majority (37.1%, 13/35 vs. 12.9%, 4/31, P < 0.05), and the percentage of changes in PR and HER-2 status had no significant differences.

CONCLUSIONSThe regimens of anthracycline combined with taxane can achieve a higher pCR rate. The lymph node and receptor status before therapy have no significant correlation with pCR. Patients who have primary tumor size ≤ 5 cm, ≥ 6 chemotherapy cycles and enough dose intensity are easier to achieve pCR. The receptor status before and after therapy should be determined, and according to any positive results, physicians can chose HER-2 targeted therapy and/or endocrine therapy after surgery to benefit the patients.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Anthracyclines ; administration & dosage ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Breast Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; pathology ; Bridged-Ring Compounds ; administration & dosage ; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Female ; Humans ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Middle Aged ; Neoadjuvant Therapy ; methods ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Receptor, ErbB-2 ; metabolism ; Receptors, Estrogen ; metabolism ; Receptors, Progesterone ; metabolism ; Remission Induction ; Retrospective Studies ; Taxoids ; administration & dosage ; Tumor Burden

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the correlation of clinical effects and reasonable doses of docetaxel salvage therapy for patients with metastatic breast cancer.

METHODSWe reviewed retrospectively the clinical records of patients with metastatic breast cancer treated with docetaxel and statistically analyzed the correlation between clinical effects and reasonable doses of docetaxel.

RESULTSThe objective response rate and clinical benefit rate of docetaxol in patients with metastatic breast cancer were 27.0% and 35.0%, respectively, and the median progression free survival (PFS) was 5.0 (3.8 - 6.3) months. In the analysis at a single dose level, the clinical benefit rate and PFS of the ≥ 90.0 mg/m(2) docetaxel group were superior to that of the < 90.0 mg/m(2) group (P = 0.008, P = 0.045). Multi-dose level group stratified analysis showed that the docetaxel < 75.0 mg/m(2) group was better than the 75.0 - 84.9 mg/m(2) PFS group (P = 0.018), and the ≥ 95.0 mg/m(2) group was better than the 75.0 - 84.9 mg/m(2) group (P = 0.048). In patients who received >third line treatment or previously received paclitaxel adjuvant therapy, the PFS of the ≥ 94.9 mg/m(2) docetaxel group was 6.0 months, better than the 3.0 months of the 75.0 ∼ 84.9 mg/m(2) group (P = 0.031; P = 0.021).

CONCLUSIONThere is a clear correlation between clinical effects and reasonable doses of docetaxel salvage therapy in patients with metastatic breast cancer.

Adult ; Aged ; Antineoplastic Agents ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Bone Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; secondary ; Breast Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Disease-Free Survival ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Drug Administration Schedule ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; secondary ; Lung Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; secondary ; Middle Aged ; Remission Induction ; Retrospective Studies ; Salvage Therapy ; Taxoids ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Young Adult

Non-human primates (NHPs) are confirmed as reservoirs of Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia intestinalis, and Enterocytozoon bieneusi. In this study, 197 fresh fecal samples from 8 NHP species in Qinling Mountains, northwestern China, were collected and examined using multilocus sequence typing (MLST) method. The results showed that 35 (17.8%) samples were positive for tested parasites, including Cryptosporidium spp. (3.0%), G. intestinalis (2.0%), and E. bieneusi (12.7%). Cryptosporidium spp. were detected in 6 fecal samples of Macaca mulatta, and were identified as C. parvum (n=1) and C. andersoni (n=5). Subtyping analysis showed Cryptosporidium spp. belonged to the C. andersoni MLST subtype (A4, A4, A4, and A1) and C. parvum 60 kDa glycoprotein (gp60) subtype IId A15G2R1. G. intestinalis assemblage E was detected in 3 M. mulatta and 1 Saimiri sciureus. Intra-variations were observed at the triose phosphate isomerase (tpi), beta giardin (bg), and glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh) loci, with 3, 1, and 2 new subtypes found in respective locus. E. bieneusi was found in Cercopithecus neglectus (25.0%), Papio hamadrayas (16.7%), M. mulatta (16.3%), S. sciureus (10%), and Rhinopithecus roxellana (9.5%), with 5 ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) genotypes: 2 known genotypes (D and BEB6) and 3 novel genotypes (MH, XH, and BSH). These findings indicated the presence of zoonotic potential of Cryptosporidium spp. and E. bieneusi in NHPs in Qinling Mountains. This is the first report of C. andersoni in NHPs. The present study provided basic information for control of cryptosporidiosis, giardiasis, and microsporidiosis in human and animals in this area.
Animals ; China ; Cryptosporidiosis/*parasitology ; Cryptosporidium/classification/genetics/*isolation & purification ; Enterocytozoon/classification/genetics/*isolation & purification ; Feces/parasitology ; Female ; Genotype ; Giardia lamblia/classification/genetics/*isolation & purification ; Giardiasis/parasitology/*veterinary ; Male ; Microsporidiosis/parasitology/*veterinary ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phylogeny ; Primate Diseases/*parasitology ; Primates/classification/parasitology

Based on the clinical symptom characteristics of transient ischemic attack in Chinese and Western medicines, the existing models of transient ischemic attack were summarized and analyzed. Then the advantages and disadvantages of each model, the diagnostic criteria of traditional Chinese and Western medicine and clinical symptoms compliance were analyzed to put forward the evaluation method and improvement method of the corresponding animal models. It was found that there were many modeling methods of transient ischemic attack, but they can not reflect the transience, reversibility, recurrence and other typical characteristics of the disease, with significant differences with clinical symptoms. Moreover, there is lack of reasonable quantitative criteria for the success of the animal model. By combining the existing single factor animal models, a composite animal model that was more closely related to the clinical symptoms of transient ischemic attack was established to replicate an animal model that was more compatible with the characteristics of clinical symptoms. It is the future development directions of the transient ischemic attack animal models to establish reasonable quantitative standards, reflect the causes of Chinese and Western medicine symptoms and improving a series of systematic and complete model evaluation methods.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate protective effect of minocycline,a semisynthetic tetracycline derivative on different traumatic brain injuries in rats and mice.

METHODSThe opened brain trauma was induced in rats and the closed head injury and cold brain injury were induced in mice. In 3 brain trauma models, minocycline (45 mg/kg, ip) was administered twice daily for 2 d before the operation, at 30 min before and 1 h after the operation, and once daily for 2 d following the operation (totally 8 doses in 5 d). After the operation, the behavioral alteration was observed daily, lesion area and survival neuron density were measured at the end of the experiments (14 d after the injuries).

RESULTFor rat opened traumatic injury, minocycline promoted the recovery of hindlimb motor activity (inclined board angle), but did not alter other indexes. For mouse closed head traumatic injury, minocycline reduced the neuron loss, but did not improve behavioral dysfunction. For mouse cold injury-induced trauma, minocycline reduced death rate and lesion area, but did not remarkably improve behavior and neuron loss.

CONCLUSIONMinocycline only has an incomplete neuroprotective effect on different brain traumatic injuries in rats and mice.

Animals ; Brain Injuries ; drug therapy ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred ICR ; Minocycline ; therapeutic use ; Neuroprotective Agents ; therapeutic use ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Endoplasmic reticulum （ER） is an important organelle responsible for protein， steroid， lipid and carbohydrate synthesis and calcium-dependent signal transduction in eukaryotic cells. ER homeostasis is essential for normal cell function. ER homeostasis imbalance can induce ER stress （ERS）， which participates in the occurrence and development of diseases of the digestive system， respiratory system， circulatory system， nervous system， reproductive system， and endocrine system， and affects body health. Among various diseases， cancers seriously endanger people′s health due to its high mortality rate， disability rate， and recurrence rate. Due to the survival characteristics of unlimited proliferation， tumor cells are often exposed to various internal and external stimuli such as hypoxia， ischemia， excessive proliferation， and starvation， which destroy intracellular protein balance and induce ERS to some extent for survival. ERS plays a major role in various tumors and has dual functions in the survival of tumor cells： promoting the survival of tumor cells by activating a series of adaptive responses， while inducing ERS-related apoptosis pathways， so as to promote tumor cell death and inhibit tumor growth and invasion. As multiple functions of ERS in tumors are reported， many scholars have tried to intervene in the progress of tumors from the perspective of ERS. The therapeutic effect of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） on tumors has been widely recognized. TCM can participate in the regulation of tumors from many aspects， including ERS， chemoradiotherapy resistance， gastrointestinal adverse reactions caused by chemotherapy， postoperative recurrence and metastasis. Since there are few reports on the antitumor effect of TCM from the perspective of ERS， this paper expounds the influence of ERS on tumorigenesis and development and the progress of TCM intervention in tumor through ERS， in order to provide a new direction for tumor treatment.