Child ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin A ; blood ; Immunoproliferative Small Intestinal Disease ; diagnosis ; drug therapy ; etiology ; Male

OBJECTIVETo investigate the influence of elevated glucose level on epicardial/microvascular flow and survival in patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

METHODSA total of 308 patients with STEMI underwent primary PCI were divided into 3 groups according to the glucose level on admission: group 1, < 7.8 mmol/L; group 2, 7.8-11.0 mmol/L, and group 3, > or = 11.0 mmol/L.

RESULTSCompared with group 1, patients in the group 2 and 3 were older, had higher triglycerides levels and more 2-vessel or 3-vessel diseases. Although TIMI flow after PCI were similar among groups (89.7%, 86.0% and 86.3%, P = > 0.05), corrected TIMI frame count (CTFC) in group 2 and group 3 were higher than that in group 1. Moreover, TIMI myocardial perfusion grade (TMPG) 0-1 grade rate post PCI was higher in group 2 and 3 (30.3% and 29.0%) than that of group 1 (17.3%, P < 0.05). There was less frequently complete ST-segment resolution (56.7%) and early T wave inversion (58.3%) in group 3 than that of group 1 after PCI (72.0% and 73.4% respectively, P < 0.05). Mortality rate at 30 days post PCI was significantly higher in the group 3 (10.4%) than that in the group 1 (2.6%, P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONElevated glucose level on admission in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction patients treated with primary PCI is associated with reduced myocardial microvascular flow. Abnormal myocardial microvascular flow might contribute to the poor outcomes observed in patients with hyperglycemia on admission.

Aged ; Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary ; Blood Glucose ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperglycemia ; Middle Aged ; Myocardial Infarction ; blood ; therapy ; Myocardial Reperfusion ; Treatment Outcome

BACKGROUNDPatients with elevated admission glucose levels may be at increased risk of death after myocardial infarction, independent of other baseline risk factors and more severe coronary artery disease. However, data regarding admission glucose and epicardial and microvascular flow after primary angioplasty is limited.

METHODSAngioplasty was performed in 308 ST-segment elevated myocardial infarction patients. Patients were divided into 3 groups on the basis of admission glucose level: group 1, < 7.8 mmol/L; group 2, (7.8 - 11.0) mmol/L; and group 3, >or= 11.0 mmol/L.

RESULTSCompared with group 1, patients in group 2 and group 3 were more often female and older. Triglycerides (TG) in group 3 were significantly higher than group 1. At angiography, they more frequently had 2-vessel or 3-vessel disease. In the infarct-related artery, there was no relationship between hyperglycemia and thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) 3 flow after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) (89.7%, 86.0% and 86.3%, P = NS). However, corrected TIMI frame count (CTFC) in group 2 and group 3 were more than group 1. TIMI myocardial perfusion grade (TMPG) 0 - 1 grade among patients with hyperglycemia after PCI were more frequent (30.9% and 29.0% vs 17.3%, P < 0.05). There was less frequent complete ST - segment resolution (STR) and early T wave inversion among patients with hyperglycemia after PCI.

CONCLUSIONElevated admission glucose levels in ST - segment elevation myocardial infarction patients treated with primary PCI are independently associated with impaired microvascular flow. Abnormal microvascular flow may contribute at least in part to the poor outcomes observed in patients with elevated admission glucose.

Adult ; Aged ; Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary ; Blood Glucose ; analysis ; Coronary Angiography ; Coronary Circulation ; Electrocardiography ; Female ; Glucose Intolerance ; physiopathology ; Humans ; Hyperglycemia ; physiopathology ; Male ; Microcirculation ; Middle Aged ; Myocardial Infarction ; blood ; mortality ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Pericardium ; physiology ; Stress, Physiological ; blood ; physiopathology

The genome of CK/CH/SD09/005, an isolate of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), was characterized to enable the further understanding of the epidemiology and evolution of IBV in China. Twenty-five pairs of primers were designed to amplify the full-length genome of CK/CH/SD09/005. The nucleotide sequence of CK/CH/SD09/005 was compared with reference IBV strains retrieved from GenBank. The phylogenic relationship between CK/CH/SD09/005 and the reference strains was analyzed based on S1 gene sequences. The complete genome of CK/CH/SD09/005 consisted of 27691 nucleotides (nt), excluding the 5' cap and 3' poly A tail. The whole-genome of CK/CH/SD09/005 shared 97 - 99% nucleotide sequence homology with the GX-NN09032 strain, which was the only complete genome that was closely related to CK/CH/SD09/005. When compared with all reference strains except GX-NN09032, CK/CH/SD09/005 showed the highest similarity to ck/CH/LDL/091022 and SDIB821/2012 (QX-like) in the replicase gene (Gene 1) and 3'UTR, with a sequence identity rate of 97% and 98%, respectively. However, CK/CH/SD09/005 exhibited lower levels of similarity with ck/CH/LDL/091022 and SDIB821/2012 in S-3a-3b-3c/ E-M-5a-5b-N with a sequence identity of 72% - 90%. CK/CH/SD09/005 showed the highest level of nucleotide identity with Korean strain 1011, and Chinese strains CK/CH/LXJ/02I, DK/CH/HN/ZZ2004 and YX10, in ORF 3c/E (97%), 5a (96%), 5b (99%) and N (96%), respectively. ORFs 3a, 3b and M of CK/CH/SD09/005 exhibited no more than 90% homology with the reference strains, excluding GX-NN09032. The phylogenic analysis based on the S1 gene revealed that CK/CH/SD09/005 and 39 published strains were classified into seven clades (genotypes). CK/CH/SD09/005 was distributed in clade IV with several isolates collected between 2007 and 2012. CK/CH/SD09/005 showed 66% - 69% and 72% - 81% nucleotide identities with the IBV strains of other six clades in the S1 and S2 subunits, respectively. More over, multiple substitutions were found throughout the entire S gene of CK/CH/SD09/005, while insertions and deletions were located within the S1 gene. These results indicated that CK/CH/SD09/005 is a novel variant that may be derived from the QX-like strains that are prevalent in China. Multiple genetic mechanisms, including recombinations, mutations, insertions and deletions, are likely to have contributed to the emergence of this IBV strain.
Animals ; Chickens ; China ; Coronavirus Infections ; veterinary ; virology ; Genome, Viral ; Genomics ; Infectious bronchitis virus ; classification ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phylogeny ; Poultry Diseases ; virology ; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid ; Viral Proteins ; chemistry ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the inhibitory of profrin II nanoparticles photodynamic therapy on Lovo human colon cancer xenografts in athymic mice.

METHODSProfrin II nanoparticles were obtained from hypersound emulsification method. LOVO human colon cancer xenograft were established in athymic mice. Athymic mice were divided into four groups:normal control group, profrin II nanoparticles control group, profrin II PDT group and profrin II nanoparticles PDT group. The animals bearing xenografts were treated 30 mg/kg body weight profrin II nanoparticles and 3 h later were irradiated with 9 J/cm(2) light from a diode laser. After Profrin II nanoparticles PDT, the anti-tumor effect was assessed by measuring tumor volume over a 3-4 weeks period, the morphologic changes were observed by microscopy and microscopy via the histological examination.

RESULTSCompared with the control groups, profrin II nanoparticles control group, profrin II PDT group and profrin II nanoparticles-PDT treated tumors had regressed significantly in earlier period with the inhibiting rate being 87.9% (P<0.05), 87.5% (P<0.05) and 56.0% respectively (P<0.05). In the later period post-PDT, tumors growth resumed with a slower rate. Profrin II nanoparticles-PDT prolonged the survival time in the treated group with (38.0+/-6.0) days (P<0.05). Extensive damage to tumor tissue was found in the earlier period (7d) post-PDT, whereas in the later period (21d) post-PDT, islands of vital-looking tumor cells were observed around the damaged tissue.

CONCLUSIONProfrin II nanoparticles-PDT results in inhibition Lovo colon carcinoma growth in post-PDT earlier period in vivo, and can prolong the survival time of nude mice bearing xenografts significantly, whereas profrin II-PDT could not inhibit the growth of colon tumor completely.

Animals ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Colonic Neoplasms ; therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Nude ; Nanoparticles ; Photochemotherapy ; Photosensitizing Agents ; therapeutic use ; Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays

OBJECTIVETo determine whether cysteinyl leukotriene receptor agonist LTD(4) and cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1 (CysLT(1)) antagonist pranlukast affect the differentiation of human neuroblastoma SK-N-SH cells.

METHODSSK-N-SH cell morphological changes induced by LTD(4), pranlukast and LTD(4) + pranlukast were observed with retinoid acid (RA) as the positive control. The expressions of CysLT(1) and CysLT(2) receptors were detected by immunoblotting analysis, and the expression of microtubule-associated protein-2 (MAP-2), a neuron marker, was detected by fluorescent immunostaining.

RESULTThe immunoblotting results showed that SK-N-SH cells expressed CysLT(1) receptor moderately, and CysLT(2) receptor highly. The morphological results showed that RA, pranlukast and LTD(4) + pranlukast induced the compaction of the cell bodies and the outgrowth of neurites, while LTD(4) had no significant effect. The immunostaining results showed that MAP-2 was distributed in the cell bodies in control or pranlukast-treated cells; it was distributed in cell bodies and neuritis in RA-treated cells. Pranlukast increased the numbers of MAP-2-positive cells.

CONCLUSIONThe CysLT(1)receptor antagonist pranlukast modulates the differentiation of SK-N-SH cells.

Cell Differentiation ; drug effects ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Chromones ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Immunoblotting ; Immunohistochemistry ; Leukotriene Antagonists ; pharmacology ; Leukotriene D4 ; pharmacology ; Membrane Proteins ; metabolism ; Microtubule-Associated Proteins ; metabolism ; Neuroblastoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; Receptors, Leukotriene ; metabolism

Objective To explore the effects of Cigu Xiaozhi Pills on lipotoxicity and oxidative stress in rats with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH); To discuss relevant mechanism of action. Methods SD rats were divided into six groups randomly:normal control group,model group,positive medicine group,Cigu Xiaozhi Pills high-,medium-, and low-dose groups. NASH model was established by feeding rats with high fat diet for 12 weeks. At the same time, the model rats were given medicine intervention. At the end of 12 weeks, all the experimental animals were killed and the liver and serum were taken. Serum samples were taken for detection of ALT, AST, TG, TC, T-SOD, LDL-C, MDA, GSH-Px and FFA. Liver tissues were taken for detection of T-SOD, MDA, GSH-Px and FFA. The liver histopathological changes were observed under microscope with HE staining. The ultrastructure of liver cells was observed by transmission electron microscope. The fatty degeneration of liver cells was observed by oil red O staining. Results Liver histopathological examination showed that the liver tissue of model group showed moderate to severe steatosis and inflammatory cell infiltration. Compared with normal control group, rat liver wet weight, liver index, ALT, AST, TG, TC, LDL-C, MDA and FFA in serum, and FFA and MDA in liver homogenate in model group significantly increased (P<0.05, P<0.01), while T-SOD and GSH-Px activity in serum and liver homogenate significantly decreased (P<0.05, P<0.01). Compared with model group, Cigu Xiaozhi Pills high-dose group could significantly decrease the elevation of serum ALT, AST, TG, TC, LDL-C, MDA and FFA (P<0.05, P<0.01), but increase T-SOD and GSH-Px activity in serum and liver tissue (P<0.01). The pathological section showed that:compared with model group, the hepatic lobule vacuolar degeneration and fatty degeneration were significantly reduced in Cigu Xiaozhi Pills high-, medium- and low-dose groups, and the inflammatory cell infiltration was improved. Conclusion Cigu Xiaozhi Pills can obviously improve liver function and blood lipid of NASH rat model induced by high-fat diet, enhance antioxidant capacity, reduce lipid peroxidation and achieve the purpose of prevention and treatment of NASH.

Objective To evaluate the clinical significance of glycated albumin(GA),a parameter in reflection of recent glycemic control in patients with diabetes mellitus. Methods Four hundred and forty-five patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who were hospitalized in our hospital from May to November 2006 were enrolled into the study.The fasting plasma glucose(FPG),postprandial 2-hour blood glucose(P2hBG) and glycated hemoglobin(HbA1c) were measured,the enzymatic measurement of GA was conducted and the CGMS was performed.The correlation between GA and the other parameters monitored was analysed. Results The correlation analysis indicated that GA was well correlated with HbA1c(r=0.818,P0.05),respectively for those with HbA1c more than 7.5%,between 6.5% and 7.5%,and less than 6.5%. Conclusion GA is well correlated with HbA1c,especially in those with poor glycemic control for a long time.The correlation between GA and long-term glycemic control is stronger than that between GA and instant plasma glucose or MBG in three days.

The aim of the present study is to investigate the role of nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) on inflammatory cells accumulation after focal cerebral ischemia and the underlying mechanism. Focal cerebral ischemia was induced by 30 min of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) followed by 72 h of reperfusion. NDGA (5 and 10 mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally 30 min, 2, 24, 48 h after reperfusion, respectively. The brain injuries were observed by neurological and histological examination. Endogenous IgG exudation, neutrophils and macrophages/microglia accumulation, and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) protein expression were determined by immunohistochemistry 72 h after reperfusion. ICAM-1 mRNA was determined by RT-PCR 72 h after reperfusion. The catalysates of 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX), leukotriene B4 (LTB4) and cysteinyl leukotrienes (CysLTs), were evaluated by ELISA 3 h after reperfusion. The results showed that NDGA ameliorated neurological dysfunction, decreased infarct volume, and inhibited endogenous IgG exudation, neutrophils infiltration, ICAM-1 mRNA and protein expression 72 h after reperfusion. Moreover, NDGA reduced the levels of LTB4 and CysLTs 3 h after reperfusion. However, NDGA did not reduce the accumulation of macrophages/microglia 72 h after reperfusion. These results suggest that NDGA decreases neutrophil infiltration in the subacute phase of focal cerebral ischemia via inhibiting 5-LOX activation.
Animals ; Arachidonate 5-Lipoxygenase ; metabolism ; Brain Ischemia ; complications ; physiopathology ; Immunoglobulin G ; immunology ; Inflammation ; etiology ; physiopathology ; prevention & control ; Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Leukotriene B4 ; metabolism ; Lipoxygenase Inhibitors ; pharmacology ; Male ; Masoprocol ; pharmacology ; Neutrophils ; drug effects ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Reperfusion Injury ; prevention & control

This study investigated the effect of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) on differentiation of naïve CD4(+) T cells and the role of the receptor of AGEs (RAGE) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) activity in the process in order to gain insight into the mechanism of immunological disorders in diabetes. AGEs were prepared by the reaction of bovine serum albumin (BSA) with glucose. Human naïve CD4(+) T cells, enriched from blood of healthy adult volunteers with negative selection assay, were cultured in vitro and treated with various agents including AGEs, BSA, high glucose, PGJ2 and PD68235 for indicated time. In short hairpin (sh) RNA knock-down experiment, naïve CD4(+) T cells were transduced with media containing shRNA-lentivirus generated from lentiviral packaging cell line, Lent-X(TM) 293 T cells. Surface and intracellular cytokine stainings were used for examination of CD4(+) T cell phenotypes, and real-time PCR and Western blotting for detection of transcription factor mRNA and protein expression, respectively. The suppressive function of regulatory T (Treg) cells was determined by a [(3)H]-thymidine incorporation assay. The results showed that AGEs induced higher pro-inflammatory Th1/Th17 cells differentiated from naïve CD4(+) T cells than the controls, whereas did not affect anti-inflammatory Treg cells. However, AGEs eliminated suppressive function of Treg cells. In addition, AGEs increased RAGE mRNA expression in naïve CD4(+) T cells, and RAGE knock-down by shRNA eliminated the effect of AGEs on the differentiation of CD4(+) T cells and the reduction of suppressive function of Treg cells. Furthermore, AGEs inhibited the mRNA expression of PPARγ, not PPARα PPARγ agonist, PGJ2, inhibited the effect of AGEs on naïve CD4(+) T cell differentiation and reversed the AGE-reduced suppressive function of Treg cells; on the other hand, PPARγ antagonist, PD68235, attenuated the blocking effect of RAGE shRNA on the role of AGEs. It was concluded that AGEs may promote CD4(+) T cells development toward pro-inflammatory state, which is associated with increased RAGE mRNA expression and reduced PPARγ activity.
Adult ; Animals ; Blotting, Western ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Cattle ; Cell Differentiation ; drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Glucose ; pharmacology ; Glycation End Products, Advanced ; pharmacology ; HEK293 Cells ; Humans ; Interferon-gamma ; metabolism ; Interleukin-17 ; metabolism ; PPAR gamma ; agonists ; genetics ; metabolism ; Prostaglandin D2 ; analogs & derivatives ; pharmacology ; RNA Interference ; Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products ; Receptors, Immunologic ; genetics ; metabolism ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Serum Albumin, Bovine ; pharmacology ; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Th1 Cells ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Th17 Cells ; drug effects ; metabolism