OBJECTIVETo understand the incidence rates of agricultural profession-related injuries and the relationship to alcohol consumption.

METHODSA multistage sample of 2366 villagers was selected from Minority Nationality Villages, Heilongjiang province. Face-to-face interviews were conducted by trained interviewers during May 2008. 2198 (92.9%) of the eligible questionnaires were available.

RESULTSIncidence rate of agricultural profession-related injury rate was 11.8% (260/2198) from May 2007 to April 2008. Higher proportions of injuries were seen for males, 30 - 49 year olds, farmers and among those people working on farms for 10 years or more, smoking during farm work, with sleeping disorder, using motor vehicles, and those using agricultural machinery. Rate of alcohol drinking was 29.1% (640/2198) in the month prior to the investigation. Results from logistic regression models showed that alcohol consumption patterns and other alcohol-related behavior were examined in separate logistic models because of collinearity by controlling the variables that were associated with agricultural profession-related injury including sex, age, years of farm work, driving a motor vehicle, and agricultural machinery use etc. In each model, the reference group was those villagers who did not drink in the past month. The odds of injury among villagers with history of past month drinking, who drank distilled spirits, and alcohol drinking at breakfast and lunch were 1.80 (95%CI: 1.24 - 2.62), 2.09 (95%CI: 1.38 - 3.15), 2.15(95%CI: 1.43 - 3.22) respectively. The odds of agricultural injury also significantly increased with greater average amounts of pure alcohol per day, with increased frequency of drinking per week, and reported years of drinking.

CONCLUSIONIntervention efforts should include increasing awareness about alcohol drinking as a major risk factor causing agricultural injuries as well as controlling alcohol drinking, improving knowledge about driving motor vehicle and using agricultural machinery.

Accidents, Occupational ; statistics & numerical data ; Adult ; Agriculture ; Alcohol Drinking ; epidemiology ; Alcoholic Intoxication ; epidemiology ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Minority Groups ; Risk Factors ; Rural Population ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Objective To become aware of the present distribution of drinking water source with high fluoride in endemic fluorosis disease areas in Shanxi Province, and to provide the evidence for making scientific and effective tactics in prevention and control. Methods According to "The National Technical Scheme for Endemic Disease Control" in the year 2004 to 2006, the investigation points were selected in 60 counties at 8 cities of Shanxi Province. The fluoride levels of water were determined by fluoride selective ion electrode. Results The fluoride content of water was determined in 2990 villages in 60 counties. Water fluorides content of 1658 villages were above 1.00 mg/L, accounted for 55.45%(1658/2990). The highest water fluoride content was 9.72 mg/L. Villages with high fluoride water in Taiyuan, Datong, Xinding, Linfen, Yuncheng basins accounted for 89.63% (1486/1658) among villages with high fluoride in Shanxi Province. In Shanxi Province the villages with high fluoride water were mainly distributed over 5 basins and scattered on the other areas. The distribution of drinking water source with high fluoride were different in 5 basins(H=316.10, P<0.05). The Water fluorides content in Datong basin(2.32 mg/L) was significantly higher than that of the other basins (P<0.05) and the ratio of drinking water fluoride levels under the national standard was 81.16%(336/414) in Datong basin. Conclusions Drinking water source with high fluoride are widespread distributed in Shanxi Province and mainly distributed in 5 basins. The situation of drinking water fluoride levels under the national standard is serious. The task of prevention and control for endemic fluorosis is still arduous. Therefore, we should strength water improving to raise the effect of prevention and treatment.

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) continues to be a threat, causing economically significant impacts on the swine industry worldwide. Unfortunately, the traditional control strategies and conventional vaccines fail to provide sustainable disease control, in particular against genetically diverse strains, as they suffer from both antigenic heterogeneity and various immune evasion strategies of PRRSV. In this paper, latest research progress in immunology and immune evasion of PRRSVis summarized to provide a referenc for PRSSV prevention and control as well as the design of new vaccines.
Animals ; Immune Evasion ; Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome ; immunology ; virology ; Porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus ; genetics ; immunology ; Swine ; Viral Proteins ; genetics ; immunology

BACKGROUNDThe long term prognosis of unprotected left main coronary artery (LMCA) stenting is controversial. This study was conducted to evaluate the immediate and long term outcomes of LMCA stenting in Chinese patients and to determine which factors affect the outcomes.

METHODSFrom May 1997 to March 2003, 224 patients in 23 hospitals underwent elective unprotected LMCA stenting with bare metal stents. Their clinical records were analysed to ascertain immediate and long term outcomes of LMCA stenting as well as factors influencing the prognosis.

RESULTSStents were implanted into LMCA successfully in 223 cases (99.6 %). One death (0.5%) and one case of non-Q wave nonfatal myocardial infarction (MI) occurred in hospital. The mean follow-up time was (15.6 +/- 12.3) months. Cardiac death developed in 10 cases (4.5%), noncardiac death in 2 cases (0.9%), nonfatal MI in 4 cases (1.8%), target lesion revascularization (TLR) of LMCA in 26 cases (11.7%) and TLR of nonLMCA in 37 cases (16.5%). Univariate analysis showed that cardiac death correlated with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF < 40%), female gender and LMCA combined with multivessel disease; that major adverse cardiac events (MACE) correlated with LVEF < 40%, bifurcation lesion and incomplete revascularization. Logistic regression analysis revealed that LVEF < 40% and female gender were independent predictors of cardiac death and MACE. Follow-up angiography was performed in 102 cases (45.7%). The restenosis rate was 31.4%.

CONCLUSIONSLong-term outcomes of stenting for selected patients with unprotected LMCA stenosis is acceptable. It should be performed in inoperable or low risk patients with LVEF > or = 40% and isolated LMCA disease or LMCA combined with multivessel diseases in whom complete revascularization can be obtained.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Coronary Angiography ; Coronary Disease ; therapy ; Coronary Restenosis ; etiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Stents ; adverse effects ; Treatment Outcome

Apoptosis ; HIV Infections ; HIV-1 ; Humans

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of electrical stimulation at auricular points (EAS) combined with sound masking on the expression of cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and tyrosine receptor kinase B (TrkB) in the auditory cortex of tinnitus rats. METHODS: A total of 27 adult male SD rats were randomly divided into a control group, a model group and an EAS group. The rats in the model group and the EAS group were intervened with intraperitoneal injection of sodium salicylate to induce tinnitus model, while the rats in the control group were intervened with injection of 0.9% NaCl solution. After the model was successfully established, the rats in the EAS group were treated with electrical stimulation at "Shenmen" (TF) and "Yidan" (CO), combined with sound masking; the treatment was given once a day for 15 days. The gap prepulse inhibition of acoustic startle (GPIAS) and prepulse inhibition (PPI) testing were performed using the acoustic startle reflex starter package for rats. The expression of BDNF, TrkB, CREB and p-CREB in the auditory cortex of each group were measured with Western Blot analysis. RESULTS: ① Compared with the control group, the GPIAS values in 12 kHz, 16 kHz, 20 kHz and 28 kHz were significantly decreased in the model group (all <0.05); compared with the model group, GPIAS values in 12 kHz, 16 kHz, 20 kHz and 28 kHz were significantly increased in the EAS group (all <0.05). ② Compared with the control group, the expression of BDNF and p-CREB in the model group was significantly increased (<0.01), and the expression of TrkB in the model group was significantly increased (<0.05); the differences of expression of BDNF, TrkB, CREB and p-CREB between the model group and the EAS group had no statistics significance (all >0.05). CONCLUSION EAS could improve the GPIAS values of high-frequency background sound in tinnitus rats, which may be related with the upregulation of the BDNF/TrkB/CREB signaling pathway in the auditory cortex, leading to the reversion of the maladaptive plasticity.
Acupuncture Points ; Animals ; Auditory Cortex ; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor ; metabolism ; Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein ; metabolism ; Electric Stimulation ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptor, trkB ; metabolism ; Tinnitus ; metabolism ; therapy

Phyllanthi Fructus, a unique Chinese and Tibetan medicinal plant with both edible and medical values, has high potential of cultivation and development. The resources of Phyllanthi Fructus in China are rich, mainly distributed in Yunnan, Sichuan, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, etc. Phyllanthi Fructus is widely used in the clinical practice of Chinese medicine and plays an important role in Tibetan medicine, Uyghur medicine, Yi medicine, and Mongolian medicine. Phyllanthi Fructus mainly contains phenolic acids,tannins, terpenes, sterols, fatty acids, flavonoids, amino acids and other compounds. Modern pharmacological studies show that Phyllanthi Fructus has antioxidant, anticancer, blood lipid-lowering, liver protective, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and immune regulatory activities. In this paper, the research status of Phyllanthi Fructus was reviewed from the aspects of herbal textual research,chemical composition, and pharmacological action. The quality markers(Q-markers) of Phyllanthi Fructus were predicted and analyzed from the aspects of biogenic pathway, specificity and measurability of chemical components, efficacy, properties, new clinical uses, drug-food homology, and transformation of polyphenols. The results will provide a scientific basis for the quality control, quality evaluation, and standard formulation of Phyllanthi Fructus.
China ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; Fruit ; Medicine, Tibetan Traditional ; Quality Control

OBJECTIVETo investigate the relationship between NK cell count/activity and acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) in patients receiving allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT).

METHODSA total of 26 patients who had undergone allo-HSCT from January to July 2015 were enrolled in this study. The NK cell count/activity in the peripheral blood of recipients on day 30 after allo-HSCT were monitored by using 4-color flow cytometry. The incidence of aGVHD in patients was evaluated by clinical manifestation combinating with related pathologic indicators, and the relationship between NK cell count/activity and aGVHD were analyzed.

RESULTSIn the aGVHD group and the no-aGVHD group, the NK cell count and activity on days 30 after allo-HSCT were 655±216 cells/µl vs 1169±372 cells/µl(P=0.002) and 7.3±3.6% vs 9.0±3.6% (P=0.008). In the II-IV grade aGVHD group and the 0-I grade aGVHD group, the NK cell count/activity were 617±220 cells/µl vs 1081±399 cells/µl (P=0.001) and 4.2±1.7% vs 8.3±3.5%(P=0.001). As compared with the 0-I grade aGVHD group, patients in the II-IV grade aGVHD group had higher relapse rate (57% vs 5%)(P=0.010) , lower 1-year progression-free survival(PFS) rate (43% vs 84%)(P=0.010).

CONCLUSIONNK cell count/activity on day 30 after allo-HSCT were closely relates with aGVHD, which may be a potential marker for aGVHD and can provide a new target for aGVHD therapy.