No abstract available.
Prostate* ; Testis*

No abstract available.
Immunoglobulins* ; Lactoglobulins* ; Milk*

The purpose of the present was devalopment of a new pain assessment model that recorded in free moving rats to eliminte of anesthetic agents in orofacial area. Antinociceptive effects and mechanisms of tricyclic antidepressants is also investigated. Fifty-five male Wistar rats (400-500gm) were anesthetized with an intraperitoneal injection of urethane (500microgram/kg) and pentobarbital sodium ((20microgram/kg). Anesthetized rats mounted in a sterotaxic instrument and a guide cannula was implanted in the lateral ventricle. The Cordinates were 0.8mm posterior to bregma, 1.5mm lateral from midline and 0.4mm ventral from the skull. Stimulating electrodes implanted in the incisor plup and recording electrodes were inserted into the belly of digastric musle. Stimulating and recording eletodes were led subcutaneously to miniature cranial connector sealed on the top of the skullwhit acrylic resin. Jaw opening reflex (JOP) was used a pian assessment. Jaw opening reflex is elicted by noxious stimulation of the incisor and is quantified by the magnitude of electromyogram of digastric muscle(dEMG). After a 48hours recovery period from surgery. JOR was recorded in free moving rats. Electrcal shock (200 sec duration, 0.5-2mA intensity, 0.5Hz) were delivered to the dental plup. Twenty subsequent electromyograms were recorded from digastric music in free moving rats. After intraperitioneal injection of 15microgram/kg impramine or nortriptyline dEMG was suppressed to 64+/-6 or 56+/-8% of the control. Intraperitioneal injection of 30microgram/kg desipramine, impramine or nortriptyline dEMG respectively to 44+/-9, 15+/-4, or 16+/-3% of the control. After intravenous injection of 12microgram/kg desipramine, imipramine or nortriptyline, dEMG was suspressed to 73 7, 50 4, or 66 7% of the control. Intravenous injection of 18microgram/kg desipramine, imipramine or nortriptyline suppressed dEMG respectively to 57+/-6, 12+/-3 or 6+/-2% of the control. To investigate the central mechanisms of antinociception of nortriptyline, naloxne, opioid receptor antagonist, methysergide, and phentolamine inhibited suppression of dEMG by intravenous injection of 18microgram/kg notriptyline from 7+/-2 to 47+/-9, from 4+/-2 to 24+/-6, and from 4+/-1 to 51+/-7% of the control resectively. these results suggest that antidepressant agents be to modulate pain transmission in orofacial area. The analgesia produced by intraperitioneal and intraventous injection of antidepressants seems to be mediated by multipule pathways such as descending pain inhibitory system.
Analgesia ; Anesthetics ; Animals ; Antidepressive Agents* ; Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic ; Catheters ; Desipramine ; Electrodes ; Humans ; Imipramine ; Incisor ; Injections, Intraperitoneal ; Injections, Intravenous ; Jaw ; Lateral Ventricles ; Male ; Methysergide ; Music ; Nortriptyline ; Pain Measurement ; Pentobarbital ; Phentolamine ; Rats* ; Rats, Wistar ; Receptors, Opioid ; Reflex* ; Shock ; Skull ; Urethane

BACKGROUND: Parkinson's Disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by resting tremor, rigidity, and bradykinesia. L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-dopa) has been used for over last 3 decades to treat this disorder, however, its usage is limited due to the reducing effectiveness on time and severe side effects. The best strategy for treating this disorder without serious side effects would be to keep a constant level of dopamine in the brain. This could be achieved by gene or cell therapy using gene(S) involved in dopamine biosynthesis or cells from other individual. For Parkinson's gene therapy, however, there still are controversies on which gene In what combination will yield the best result. In this report, we propose a biochemical background for using GTP cyc]ohydrolase I (GTPCH I) in addition to TH for higher and/or more stable expression of TH. METHODS: TH and GTPCH I cDNA were subcloned into retroviral vectos and resulting recombinant retrovirus packaged in BOSC 23 cells were used to infect NIH-3T3. Confirming successful infections by westers blot analysls, the new cell lines were used to examine steady state TH expression level and TH activity. Furthermore, the effect of ectopic expression of BH4 to the proliferation of these cells were studied. RESULTS: NIH-3T3 cells expressing both TH and GTPCH I showed approximately 10 fold higher expression of TH protein than the cells expressing TH alone. The activity of KNTH2GC6 was approximately 4-6 fold higher than that of striatal tissue and 60 fold higher than KNTH2. Furthermore, growth rate of KNTH2GC6 was strikingly reduced by inhibiting the biosynthesis of BH4. CONCLUSIONS: We showed that the use of GTPCH I in addition to TH not only increased the stability and/or expression of TH protein but also the activity of the enzyme. These improved characteristics of TH protein are very likely due to the expression of BH4 and should be very seriously considered for Parkinson's gene therapy.
Brain ; Cell Line ; Cell- and Tissue-Based Therapy ; DNA, Complementary ; Dopamine ; Genetic Therapy ; GTP Cyclohydrolase* ; Guanosine Triphosphate* ; Hypokinesia ; Levodopa ; Neurodegenerative Diseases ; NIH 3T3 Cells ; Parkinson Disease ; Retroviridae ; Tremor ; Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase* ; Tyrosine* ; Zidovudine

Calcifying aponeurotic fibroma is a very rare benign soft tissue tumor with predilection for the fingers and palms of children and adolescents. We describe an unusual case of a calcifying aponeurotic fibroma in old age that circumferentially involved the dorsal and palmar side of the third metacarpal head.We performed a wide excision using two incisions, resulting in satisfactory clinical result. A calcifying aponeurotic fibroma must be considered in the differential diagnosis of a calcifying soft tissue lesion occuring in the hand of old age.
Adolescent ; Child ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Fibroma ; Fingers ; Hand ; Humans

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to classify posterior malleolar fractures according to the position of fragments and to analyze radiologic features of each type. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We analyzed forty-six patients of ankle fractures involving a posterior malleolus who were treated between January 2004 and December 2007. The posterior malleolar fractures were categorized into three types (posterolateral, posteromedial, shell) based on the major fracture line. In each type, we analyzed amount of displacement, involvement of articular surface, existence of subluxation and osteochondral impacted fragments. RESULTS: The forty-six patients were categorized into three types: Posterolateral (PL) type (33 cases, 72%), Posteromedial (PM) type (8 cases, 17%), shell type (5 cases, 11%). Of the 8 cases with PM type, 7 cases showed displacement more than Grade II, 4 cases showed subluxation of ankle joint, and 3 cases showed osteochondral impacted fragment. Average involvement of articular surface of PM type is 35% (15~65%). CONCLUSION: Posterior malleolar fractures with medial extension tended to have adverse effect on ankle stability and Preoperative CT scan is essential for evaluation of fracture type and determination of appropriate surgical approach.
Animals ; Ankle ; Ankle Joint ; Displacement (Psychology) ; Humans

Spindle cell lipoma is a relatively rare adipocytic neoplasm that is easily mistaken for a liposarcoma, and is histologically characterized by a mixture of uniform spindle cells and mature fat cells. It occurs predominantly in male patients aged 45~65 years, and in most cases it arises in the subcutaneous tissue of the neck or shoulder. We report a case of a 45-year-old woman with spindle cell lipoma arising from the left pleural cavity.
Female ; Male ; Humans

BACKGROUND: Patients with non-Q wave myocardial infarction tend to have smaller infarcts and less degree of ventricular function impairment initially, however, uncomplicated non-Q wave infarctions are known to be as serious as Q wave myocardal infarction due to residual myocardal ischemia and higher reinfarction rate. METHODS: Inorder to compare the clinical and coronary angiographic findings of Q wave infarction with those of non-Q wave infarction. 58 partients with acute myocardial infarction were reviewed retrospectively. Patients were classified into Q wave(n=45) and non-Q wave infarction(n=13) according to electrocardiographic findings. RESULTS: 1) There were no significant differences between the two groups in risk factors of coronary artery disease such as hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, smoking and diabets mellitus. 2) The peak myocardial enzyme levels of CPK, CPK-MB were significantly higher in the Q wave MI group, and the percentage of wall motion abnormality on two-dimensional echocardiography was significantly higher in Q wave MI than in the non-Q wave MI group. 3) The number of involved vessel, degree of stenosis and collateral circulation were not different but high degree of stenosis of infarct-related artery was more frequent in Q wave MI group. 4) There were no significant differences between the two groups in the incidence of arrhythmia and in-hospital mortality. CONCLUSION: There were some differences in clinical and angiographic findings, but in-hospital mortality was not significant different between two groups. Futher prospective studies should be performed to clarify the long term prognosis.
Arrhythmias, Cardiac ; Arteries ; Collateral Circulation ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Coronary Angiography ; Coronary Artery Disease ; Echocardiography ; Electrocardiography ; Hospital Mortality ; Humans ; Hypercholesterolemia ; Hypertension ; Incidence ; Infarction ; Ischemia ; Myocardial Infarction* ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Ventricular Function

Alveolar soft-part sarcoma(ASPS) is a rare, aggressive malignancy of uncertain histologic origin with a propensity for vascular invasion and distant metastasis. ASPS may mimic benign vascular neoplams of malformation but careful evaluation of the unique imaging features on CT scans, MR images, and angiograms lead to the correct diagnosis. ASPS of the tongue is slow-growing, painless mass, especially ASPS of the base the tongue is difficult to be noticed by patient, dentists or oral and maxillofacial surgeons on oral examintion because of its location and clinical resemblance to a benign lesion. And it leads to delayed or inadequate diagnosis. We report radiologic and clinical features of an ASPS of the basal portion of the tongue in a 17-year-old boy, showing normal appearance, but palpation of the tongue and floor of the mouth reveals the tumor. Among the 23 cases of a primary ASPS of tongue reported, 7 cases occured on the basal region of the tongue, inculding the present one. There has been no recurrence or metastasis as of 3 years postoperatively.
Adolescent ; Dentists ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Male ; Mouth ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Palpation ; Recurrence ; Sarcoma, Alveolar Soft Part* ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Tongue* ; Viperidae

Bipolar clavicular dislocation is simultaneous dislocation of both poles of the clavicle (mainly an anterior dislocation of the sternoclavicular joint and a posterior dislocation of acromioclavicular joint) and rarely reported. We report a case of bipolar claviclular dislocation after a seat belt injury and describe its presumed mechanism and treatment with a review of literature.
Clavicle ; Dislocations ; Seat Belts ; Sternoclavicular Joint